itam Tutaj będe zamieszczał zdjęcia z moich wypadów do Polski a także do innych ciekawych stron świata, ale na początek proszę zapoznaj się z historią Wrocławia.

Poniżej przedstawiam małą galerię z mojego miasta:

Popatrz na zdjęcia :
Wrocław, stolica Dolnego Sląska, jest jednym z najstarszych i najpiękniejszych miast w Polsce.
Położony u podnóża Sudetów, nad rzeką Odrą, poprzecinany jej licznymi dopływami i kanałami, jest wyjątkowym miastem 12 wysp i 112 mostów.
Bogata a wręcz burzliwa historia miasta wpisana jest w jego mury.
Czasy wczesnego średniowiecza przypomina Ostrów Tumski, na którym zachował się w doskonałym stanie jeden z najpiekniejszych w Europie zespołów architektury sakralnej.
Wrocławski Ratusz zaliczany jest do najwspanialszych budowli gotyckich w Europie Srodkowej.
We Wrocławiu można również obejrzeć największe w Polsce barokowe wnętrze, jakie zachowało się do naszych czasów. Jest nim Aula Leopoldyńska mieszcząca się w siedemnastowiecznym gmachu Uniwersytetu.
Dawna i współczesna architektura wkomponowana jest w obfitość zieleni.
W centrum miasta rozpościera się założony w XVIII wieku Park Szczytnicki , w którym rośnie ponad 370 gatunków drzew i krzewów oraz znajduje się oryginalny Ogród Japoński.
Wspaniałym miejscem na spacery jest Ogród Botaniczny , z jego piękna ekspozycja kwiatowa, oranżeria, alpinarium i największa w Polsce kaktusiarnia, a także Ogród Zoologiczny , założony w 1865 roku z około 5,5 tys. zwierząt reprezentujacych 650 gatunków.
Goście Wrocławia wspominają go przede wszystkim jako prężny ośrodek kultury.

Pięc teatrów, opera, teatr muzyczny, filharmonia i liczne kluby, muzea i galerie zapewniają nieprzerwany ciąg wydarzeń artystycznych.
Jak będziesz we Wrocławiu, proszę nie zapomnij wpaść do świetnych nocnych klubów jak "Szuflada" czy "P1". Proszę być ostrożny bo niestety bramkarze to są bardzo prości ludzie i dużo nie trzeba żeby oberwać w łep nawet jeżeli nic złego nie popełniłeś.

Kulturalną wizytówką miasta stały się festiwale muzyczne o międzynarodowym znaczeniu. Największy z nich to Międzynarodowy Festiwal "Wratislavia Cantans"- Muzyka i Sztuki Piękne.
To własnie we Wrocławiu odbywają się: Festiwal "Jazz nad Odra",
Dni Muzyki Starych Mistrzów,
Spotkania Teatrów Jednego Aktora i Przegląd Piosenki Aktorskiej.
Do atrakcji kulturalnych, których nie można ominąc zwiedzając Wrocław, należy niewątpliwie

Panorama Racławicka - gigantyczna rotunda, w której miesci się panoramiczny obraz o wymiarach: 120x15 metrów, przedstawiający bitwę pod Racławicami z 4 kwietnia 1794 r.
Odbywające się w Hali Ludowej targi są największą imprezą gospodarczą w stolicy Dolnego

Sląska. Z roku na rok stają się one coraz bardziej atrakcyjnym miejscem spotkań i
zaciesniania więzi kooperacyjnej polskiego i zagranicznego biznesu.
Wrocław jest czwartym co do wielkości miastem w Polsce, liczącym około 700 tys. mieszkanców.

Należy do najwiekszych w kraju osrodków uniwersyteckich; życie umysłowe skupia się wokół 13 wyższych uczelni z uniwersytetem i politechniką na czele.

Jest bardzo ważnym węzłem komunikacyjnym; przebiegają tędy 3 międzynarodowe drogi, 2 porty żeglugi rzecznej oraz międzynarodowy port lotniczy (Starachowice), co zapewnia połaczenie z całym światem.

Największą rolę w gospodarce regionu odgrywa przemysł środków transportu, maszynowy, elektrotechniczny, konstrukcji metalowych oraz przemysł spożywczy.
Wrocław jest przepięknym miastem o bogatej historii i niepowtarzalnej urodzie. Doceniają ją zarówno mieszkańcy, jak i goście.

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English Version:

rocław, Poland.
The capital of southwestern Poland's province of Lower Silesia, the city of Wrocław is located on the Oder River approximately 190 miles (310 kilometers) southwest of Warsaw and 125 miles (200 kilometers) east of Dresden, Germany. As Poland's fourth largest city, Wrocław is a center of industry, communications, transport, education, and the arts. The city has Poland's largest flour mills, electronics and data-processing facilities, foundries, machinery plants, textile mills, the Hutmen copper plant, and food-processing facilities. Wrocław provides international rail connections, an airport, and river transport. Eight educational institutions are located in the city along with nine museums, several theaters and music centers, and a botanical garden and zoo. Wrocław originated in the 10th century AD at the crossroads of trade routes and was first governed by the Polish Piast kings. In the following centuries it was ruled at various times by the Germans,Bohemians, and Prussians. In 1741 Frederick II the Great of Prussia changed its name to Breslau. To understand a city, whether we live there every day or see it for the first time, it is helpful not only to visit its places of interest but also to know essential facts about its history.

7th-8th c. - archaeological sources testify to the existence of a fortified wooden settlement on today's Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island)

1000 - the bishopric of Wrocław is established, subordinate to the archbishopric of Gniezno

1017 - the German chronicler Bishop Thietmar makes the first mention of a fortified settlement in Wrocław

1138 - with the division of the Polish Crown into five provinces, Wrocław becomes the capital
of the Duchy of Silesia and the seat of the senior prince of the provincial dukes of the house of Piast

1241 - the Tartar invasion

1242 - incorporation of the city within the limits of today's central Wrocław, including
Rynek (Town Square) and plac Solny (Salt Market)

1262 - establishment of the city council; Wrocław is granted privileges based on the Magdeburg Statutes

1335 - upon the death of Henry VI, the last Wrocław Duke of the Piast dynasty, the city along
with the entire province of Silesia is incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia

1469 - Matthias Corvinus, the King of Hungary, ceremonially enters Wrocław, which pays homage
to him

1498 - treaty re-incorporating Silesia into the Kingdom of Bohemia

1523 - the first Protestant sermon in Wrocław; the beginning of the Reformation in the city

1526 - along with Bohemia and Hungary, Wrocław passes to the Habsburgs

1639 - the Jesuits settle in Wrocław, initiating the Counter-Reformation in the city

1741 - as a result of a war between Prussia and Austria, Wrocław passes to Prussia

1742 - Wrocław becomes the third capital city of Prussia, alongside Berlin and Konigsberg

1807 - Wrocław is taken over by Napoleon's Army and the demolition of the city's
fortifications is ordered by Jeróme Bonaparte

1809 - the first general election of a City Council

1871 - rapid development of the city begins following the unification of Germany under Prussia and large war contributions from France

1928 - the biggest ever enlargement of the city's territory (by almost 250%)

27 February 1945 - 6 May 1945 - by an order of the Nazi authorities
the city is turned into a fortress; the siege of Wrocław by the Soviet army

9 May 1945 - the Soviet military command turns Wrocław over to Polish administration

1948 - the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace is organized in Wrocław

1968 - the unveiling of the monument of Pope John XXIII, who recognized Poland's rights to the western territories

1951, 1973 - the administrative area of Wrocław is further enlarged

1980 - the Solidarity trade union movement begins; Wrocław becomes one of Poland's major centres of prodemocratic activity

1983 - the Polish-born Pope John Paul II visits Wrocław

1990 - the first fully democratic election of a City Council after the Second World War

Visitors coming to Wrocław remember the city mainly as a cultural centre.
It's theatres, including the Opera, Musical Theatre and Philharmonic Hall; various clubs, museums and galleries provide a continuous series of artistic events.
Internationally acknowledged musical festivals have become the city's cultural landmark.
The biggest of them is International Festival WRATISLAVIA CANTANS - Music and Fine Arts.
Other festivals which take place in Wrocław include Jazz on the Odra, Old Master's Music Days, One-Actor Theatr Performances and Festival of Actor Songs. One of the cultural attractions which is a must when visiting Wroclaw, is certainly the Panorama of Racławice, a gigantic rotunda accommodating a 120 metres wide and 15 metres high panoramic painting which represents the battle of Racławice fought on 7 April 1794.
Wrocław is the fourth largest city in Poland, with the population of 700000 inhabitants. It belongs to the biggest university centres in the country. The city's intellectual life is focused around 13 academic schools including Wrocław University and technical University. Wrocław is also a very important transportation centre.
It is a crossing point of three international routes, has two big railway stations, two river ports and international airport, which ensures the connection with the whole world. The most important factors with regional economy are transport, machine electrical engineering and food industries.
Wrocław is a wonderful city of an interesting history and unique beauty. It is appreciated both by its inhabitants and visitors.


I hope that the 24 old and contemporary photo- graphs I am about to present to you will help you to understand Wrocław, the city towards which not only the authors of this publication but also all of its former and present-day citizens have a definite attitude. Its beauty prompts many to reflect upon its history as well as its future. Often we anxiously ask visitors how they like our city. We ask those who come here repeatedly whether they see how the city is changing. This is how we see Wrocław:

The Odra and its tributaries have always been a part of the city's life. It was not an accident that, over a thousand years ago, the history of the city began on the Cathedral Island on the Odra
Look 1.The first fortified settlement and the cathedral were built here >. Ten centuries later, in 1968, a statue of Pope John XXIII was erected on the Island, perhaps the first public papal statue in a communist country. From the river bank, one can see a striking view of the Cathedral Island, with the Cathedral and the collegiate Church of the Holy Cross, which was built as the mausoleum of the Silesian Duke Henry IV Probus, and of the nearby Wyspa Piaskowa (Sand Island), with the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Look 2, founded by the legendary Silesian magnate Piotr Włast.

Thanks to its location along the Odra's northern bank, the monumental structure of the former Jesuit College (today's Universiry) is a dominant element in the city's panorama. Built in the first half of the l8th century on the site formerly occupied by the ducal castle, it may be viewed as a 'fortress of learning' (Phot.
Look 3). The severiry of the building's façade, with its imposing mass enlivened only by delicate architectural detail, contrasts with the magnificent decoration of the interiors, including the former pharmacy, the grand staircase, and the striking Aula Leopoldina .
Look 4.

During the period between the First and Second World Wars, the government administration building was erected, also on the river bank. Today, it serves a similar function housing the offices of the voivodeship of Wrocław. The building's severe and monumental form is the visual expression of its original function as the 'fortress of authority', located on a concrete embankment of the regulated river .

With its interesting symmetrical layout, Sępolno, the model housing estate from the late 1920s-early 1930s, fits nicely into a 'peninsula' created between the Odra's old channel and a new navigable channel built in 1917 (Phot.
Look 5).

One of Wrocław's characteristic features is also the contrast between the busy centre and the large expanses of green areas in the suburbs. In one of such peripheral areas, east of the city centre and next to Szczytnicki Park (which opened to the public in 1854), an extensive exhibition complex was built in 1913 to commemorate the centennial of the victory over Napoleon in the famous Battle of Leipzig. Designed by Max Berg, the famous architect of the International Modern, the monumental Centennial Hall (today's Hala Ludowa - People's Hall) was a pioneering construction: for many years it remained the biggest reinforced concrete structure in the world .

Likewise, the parabolic concrete arches supporting the roof of the Covered Market (built in 1906-1908 on the site of the former 'Sand' Arsenal) were an example of a pioneering approach to structural design .

During the period separating the two World Wars, avant-garde architecture flourished in Wrocław. In 1929, the important WUWA ('Home and Work Place') architectural exhibition was organized here. Of several structures built for the exhibition, only some have retained their original charm. In contrast, the department store on today's Szewska Street, built in 1927-28
Look 6)by the famous Expressionist architect Erich Mendelsohn, has lost nothing of its original splendour. The magnificent travertine faced façades, the rounded forms of the windows in the projecting corner resembling the bridge of a great oceanliner, still impress us with their moderniry .

From a relatively short time perspective, it is difficult to evaluate the city's contemporary architecture. We cannot be certain, how in some - say - seventy years people will view the controversial Solpol department store, whose construction next to the Gothic choir of St. Dorothy's Church
Look 7)was much debated at the time .

Considering the magnificent tradition of church architecture in Wrocław, contemporary church designers find themselves in a somewhat difficult position. Their task was made even more difficult by the fact that the new churches were built mostly during the 1980s, when the totalitarian system was still in power, albeit declining. The newly erected structures not only provided the architects with an opportunity to realize their previously frustrated artistic ambitions (which they sometimes overdid) but also served as a focus for social and political ambitions. For some time churches became the strongholds of the social resistance against communist and atheist propaganda.

The people of Wrocław are divided over which of the new churches is the most beautiful. Certainly among the most successful projects are: the Church of the Holy Spirit in Bardzka Street, the Church of Christ the King in Zachodnia Street, and the Church of the Virgin of Mercy on Wejherowska Street. This last structure, built of brick, provides a particularly vivid contrast to the monotonous concrete façades of the typical 1970s houses constructed of prefabricated concrete-slab elements.

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The specific character of Wrocław's architecture has been commented on many occasions. Authors stress an original combination of material and spiritual factors, noting the existence of numerous religious institutions, monasteries, Gothic churches, and Baroque colleges side by side with commercial establishments
Look 8) (there were several dozen department stores and specialty shops in Wrocław at the turn of the century) and other splendid, often pioneering examples of secular urban architecture. A look at the city's history helps us to see Wrocław as even more interesting and appealing. Its charm, however, still remains a little mysterious, even for the people who were born here.

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