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Niles, Kim.  (May, 2000).  "Empirically Derived Advanced Process Optimization Techniques Utilizing Grouped Statistics". SAMPE 2000: Bridging the Centuries with SAMPE's Materials and Processes. SAMPE. Covina, CA.  

Abstract:  Large amounts of work have been done in the literature over the last half-century for the use of statistics related to process measurement and process optimization. However, little has been written in regards to practical application of advanced process optimization techniques and advanced interpretive techniques. Statistical measurements from common tools such as process capability indices, statistical process control charting, and design of experiments are often misleading when viewed individually in relation to the process as a whole. Correct practical application of these techniques at the individual factor level has been commonly found to actually add noise to the overall process. Grouped combinations of measurements using empirically derived techniques discussed in this paper present very practical process optimization methodology. This is especially true when combined with well documented robust design techniques for design of experiments, such as the Taguchi techniques for process optimization.  KEY WORDS: Capability Indices, SPC, Design of Experiments (DOE).

Other Information:  This article is published in the proceedings of SAMPE Symposium ISSE45.

Niles, Kim.  (May, 2000).  "Design of Experiments and Other Analytical Process Improvement Implementation Techniques". SAMPE 2000: Bridging the Centuries with Materials & Processes. SAMPE. Covina, CA.   

Abstract:  Analytical process improvement techniques that make use of indeterminate measurements such as with the seven basic types of Statistical Process Control Charting (SPC), numerous types of process capability measurement techniques (such as Cp,CpK,Cpm,Pp,PpK,K), and Design of Experiments (DoE) are generally well known but not often implemented. Despite the large amount of work that has been done in the literature over the last half century, many limitations in the understanding of implementing these techniques are still apparent. This review will present implementation techniques developed and present brief application success stories in hopes of widening the use of such techniques in Material and Process industries.  KEY WORDS: Capability Indices, SPC, Design of Experiments (DOE).

Other Information:  This article is published in the proceedings of SAMPE Symposium ISSE45.

Kumar, Sudha, Avery, Brian, Niles, Kim.  (June, 2001).  "2D Code Reading For Semiconductor Devices and Substrate Panels".  Test, Assembly & Packaging Automation & Integration Conference. SEMICON. Singapore.  Found at:  http://www.KimNiles.com/KumarWord7.pdf    

Abstract:  In the semiconductor industry, the traditional barcode label is being replaced by the Data Matrix 2D code. The ratio of code size to number of characters for a 2D code is much smaller than that of a traditional barcode. The 2D code is a two dimensional matrix of dark and bright cells; it is machine-readable and includes Error Checking and Correction (ECC). This paper describes a procedure to develop a Data Matrix 2D code reader for semiconductor devices and substrate panels that contain printed and laser-etched 2D codes on stainless steel, copper, gold or FR4 material. For laser-etched code, the image quality is kept consistent by controlling the current, speed and frequency of the laser, on-axis and off-axis intensities of the lighting [1], as well as the standoff height of the camera in the given range. For printed codes, the image quality is kept consistent by controlling the on-axis and off-axis light intensities, as well as the standoff height of the camera in the given range. To achieve a six sigma process, the Design of Experiments (DOE) technique is used to optimize these parameters.

Other Information: This article is published in the proceedings of SEMICON 2001.  Contact info: skumar@deltad.com, bavery@deltad.com

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Niles, Kim.  (July 23, 2001).  "What Makes Six Sigma Work?". iSixSigma Insights Newsletter.  Vol. 2, #44. ISSN: 1530-7603.  Found at: http://www.iSixSigma.com/library/content/c010723a.asp

Same article re-published by ASQ San Diego.  See http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles. 

Abstract:  Consultants are earning seven figure salaries, CEOs are claiming billions of dollars saved, conferences are popping up everywhere, and yet one can argue that Six Sigma is not much different than TQM. Is Six Sigma just the latest management buzzword or is Six Sigma a Quality Management program that really works? What makes Six Sigma work?

Other Information: This article is published on a site receiving 350,000 visitors per month as of June 2003.

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Niles, Kim.  (August 20, 2001).  "Six Sigma via Context". iSixSigma Insights Newsletter.  Vol. 2, #52. ISSN: 1530-7603. Found at: http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c010820a.asp.

Same article re-published by ASQ San Diego.  See http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles.  

Abstract:  Some business documents are nearly meaningless due to lack of context. Every Quality document should be fully self-contained or reference applicable context elsewhere. Learn more about adding context to your content to achieve exponential gains.

Other Information: This article is published on a site receiving 350,000 visitors per month as of June 2003.

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Niles, Kim.  (January 14, 2002).  "Maximize Six Sigma Team Performance". iSixSigma Insights Newsletter.  Vol. 3, #4. ISSN: 1530-7603.  Found at: http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c020114a.asp.

Same article re-published by ASQ San Diego.  See http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles. 

Abstract:  The Black Belt's ability to maximize team members' contributions is critical to the success of a Six Sigma project. Many factors must be addressed. With a well-maintained team comes team synergy, which results in happier, healthier, and more productive employees.

Other Information: This article is published on a site receiving 350,000 visitors per month as of June 2003.

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Niles, Kim.  (May 27, 2002).  "Characterizing the Measurement Process". iSixSigma Insights Newsletter.  Vol. 3, #42. ISSN: 1530-7603.  Found at: http://www.iSixSigma.com/library/content/c020527a.asp.

Same article re-published by ASQ San Diego.  See http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles.  

Same article re-published by Soft Solutions.  See http://www.softsolutionsit.com/news/articles/CharacterizingProcess.html.  

Abstract:  Measurement System Analysis (MSA) can be fun, always impresses the customer, and can often result in an important surprise or two. Learn why Gage R&R is only one part of the equation for achieving near risk free measurements of all types.

Other Information: This article is published on a site receiving 350,000 visitors per month as of June 2003.

Niles, Kim.  (September 18, 2002).  “Auditing: A Living Paper”.  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/auditing.htm 

Abstract:  Someday this article could be the very best article on auditing in the entire world.... but that depends on your input. For now, we have basic categories of: Why Audit?, What is an Audit?, Who are the Participants?, Audit Steps, History, Auditing Techniques, Types of Audits, Ethics, Audit Program Duties, Audit Preparation Steps, Audit Plans, Auditing Resources, References & Article Links, and an On-line Submission Form.  

Other Information: Several updates have been made to the article since it's inception.

Niles, Kim.  (June 15, 2002).  “Process Capability Analysis:  A Living Paper”.  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/cpk.htm 

Abstract:  This living paper developed and maintained by Kim Niles, was featured under "Quality Web Watch" of Quality Progress Magazine, March 2001; page 22.  This is a living paper in that any related comments, definitions, or stories you submit to us using the on-line form below will be added as appropriate and you will be featured in the reference section at the bottom.

Other Information: Several updates have been made to the article since it's inception.

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Niles, Kim.  (March 15, 2002).  “Statistical Distributions:  A Living Paper”.  ASQ San Diego Website. Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/distributions.htm

Same article re-published with permission by SAMPE San Diego.  No longer available on-line.

Abstract:  This living paper developed and maintained by Kim Niles, was featured under "Quality Web Watch" of Quality Progress Magazine, March 2001; page 22.  This is a living paper in that any related comments, definitions, or stories you submit to us using the on-line form below will be added as appropriate and you will be featured in the reference section at the bottom.

Other Information: Several updates have been made to the article since it's inception

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Niles, Kim.  (January 31, 2003).  "Six Sigma and Design of Experiments".  ASQ Six Sigma Forum.  Found at: http://www.sixsigmaforum.com/mbb/index.html.

Same article re-published with permission of National ASQ.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles or  http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/6s&doeimplementation.pdf.

Abstract:  There is a trend within Six Sigma literature to simplify specific tools or practices in an effort to make Six Sigma seem less intimidating. This trend overlooks how the Six Sigma environment naturally facilitates implementation of intimidating statistical tools such as Design of Experiments (DOE). San Diego's Six Sigma Institute recently uncovered DOE training statistics from a large corporation before and after it's switch to Six Sigma. Two hundred engineers trained before the switch produced ZERO DOE's over the next year. After the switch they began producing numerous DOE's on almost a daily basis. This paper will attempt to explain what makes the difference while addressing real implementation difficulties practitioners face. Key areas of discussion include creating a paradigm shift, interdependent environmental factors, and addressing fears

Other Information:  This article is published on a closed ASQ site accessible to members only.  Find it under the Master Black Belt section.  Used as the Master Black Belt premier article for the grand opening of the new web site January 31, 2003

Niles, Kim.  (May 15, 2003).   "Lost Work Advice - Living Paper".  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/lostworkadvice.htm.

Abstract:  This living paper provides advice for those recently out of work

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Niles, Kim.  (June 16, 2003).  "Most Practical DOE Explained (Includes Free Spreadsheet Template)".  iSixSigma Insights Newsletter.  Vol. 4, #45. ISSN: 1530-7603. Found at: http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c030616a.asp.

Same article re-published with permission by ASQ San Diego.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles.

Same article re-published by iSixSigma Financial Services - February 23, 2005 - Vol. 1, #28 - ISSN: 1549-6597.  Found at: http://finance.isixsigma.com/newsletter/archive/newsletters.asp?id=545.

Abstract:  For purposes of learning, using, or teaching Design of Experiments (DOE), one can argue that an eight run array is the most practical and universally applicable array that can be chosen. There are several forms of and names given to the various types of these eight run arrays (e.g., 2^3 Full Factorial, Taguchi L8, 2^4-1 Half Fraction, Plackett-Burman 8-run, etc.), but they are all very similar.  A free Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with a 2^3 Full Factorial array showing the mathematical calculations accompanies this article. Generic steps for using the spreadsheet, precautions, and additional advice are also provided.

Other Information:  This article is published on a site receiving 350,000 visitors per month as of June 2003.

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Niles, Kim.  (October 20, 2003).  "Process Improvement Prerequisites".  ASQ Six Sigma Forum.  Found at: http://www.sixsigmaforum.com/

Same article re-published with permission by ASQ San Diego.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles.

Abstract:  Black Belts can ensure a fast start to their projects by remembering that before any process can improve, it should first be defined, measured, understood, and held in control.

Other Information:  This article is published on a closed ASQ site accessible to members only.  Find it under the Black Belt section ... or you can download the 56kb pdf file here with permission.

Niles, Kim.  (November, 2003).  "THESIS: THE IMPORTANCE OF METRICS ON SIX SIGMA PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION".  California State University Dominguez Hills.

Abstract:  Much has been written in the literature over the last decade on global perspectives of Six Sigma as a quality improvement philosophy and management methodology. While many references outline how companies such as General Electric, Motorola, Honeywell, and others have saved billions of dollars as a result of Six Sigma, gaps exists regarding metrics implementation methodologies, the importance of metrics on program implementation, and visa versa. This thesis provides missing links that bridge these gaps and explain in new ways why Six Sigma programs are so successful. Details that illustrate interdependence, importance, and direction for metrics implementation in Six Sigma program initiatives are presented using supporting data from literature reviews, workshops, lectures, and other open forum interviews.

Other Information:  Approximately 25 copies of this thesis were sold in 2004.

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Niles, Kim. (September 19, 2004). "Importance of Test Plans/Test Protocol, with a Template". iSixSigma Insights. Ridgefield, CT. ISSN: 1530-7603. 375,000 circ. Found at: http://www.iSixSigma.com/library/content/c040920a.asp

Same article re-published with permission by ASQ San Diego.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/library.htm#Articles (#55).

Abstract:  Test plans, also called test protocol, outline requirements, activities, resources, documentation and schedules, and are an important part of performing an experiment. They save time and money, help get the best results and facilitate speedy test report writing.

A free Microsoft Word template for a test plan with common sections already setup accompanies this article. Using details from previous test plans, statistical software, company or project logos, and other materials, you can cut and paste in the template and shorten your test plan development time. Or save yourself and your company even more time, money, risk and related trouble by using the template to assist you in developing your own test plan format.

Other Information:  This article is published on a site receiving 375,000 visitors per month as of June 2004.

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Niles, Kim.  (November 16, 2004).  "Experimental Test Strategy For Six Sigma Levels of Process Improvement".  The society for the advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) international technical conference proceedings (ISTC 36). SAMPE. Covina, CA.

Same article re-published with permission by ASQ San Diego.  Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/SPA_SAMPE_Pres2004_28.pdf

Abstract:  Several progressive test strategies are taught in the literature with regard to applying Design of Experiments (DOE) to process understanding and improvement. These strategies typically utilize DOE's in a progressive fashion to move key control factor process settings toward optimal conditions (variation and mean). While these strategies are well known and accepted techniques for optimizing a process, they intrinsically promote a limited understanding of the process as a whole. Companies today that are striving to become “Six Sigma” need a more reasonable understanding of all possible process control variables. This paper introduces a new test strategy & methodology entitled Statistical Process Accounting (SPA) that facilitates this need as well as to enable a host of other advantages.

Other Information:  This article is published in the proceedings of SAMPE ISTC 36.

Niles, Kim.  (March 2004).  "Deming Case Studies - A Living Paper" .   ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at:  http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/deming.htm.

Abstract:  Dr. Deming teaches that most quality issues are systemic (process related) and, therefore, the responsibility of management. He is considered in industry as a "Quality Guru" who aided the Japanese recovery after WWII.

Other Information:  This article is published by ASQ San Diego and has been revised four times (now rev D).

Niles, Kim. (May 23, 2005). "Situational Leadership".  ASQ San Diego Website. Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/situational_leadership.htm.

Abstract:  It’s important for us as workers, supervisors, students, or parents, to understand the stages we all go through as we learn new things. It’s also important for us to understand those stages in order to provide the right type of feedback, in the right amounts, at the right time, as we help others go through those stages.

Other Information:  This article is published by ASQ San Diego

Niles, Kim. (Oct.3, 2005). "Roles of the Quality Professional".  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/news/oct05mtgmail.htm#message

Abstract:  Message to the membership of San Diego ASQ in regards to current and future roles of the quality professional.  Today's quality professionals must become facilitators, educators, and process improvement experts.

Other Information:  This isn't as much of an article as it is a commentary published by ASQ San Diego

Millimen, Amy; Oliver, Gregg; Niles, Kim. (June 25, 2006). "What is 5 ... or 6S?: A Living Paper".  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/5S.htm 
 

Abstract:  5S ... or 6S when special attention is added for safety, is a method used to help us make our workplace safe, clean, neat and organized. It provides a specific location for everything, and eliminates anything not required. It embeds quality into the workforce.

Other Information: This article is published by ASQ San Diego

Niles, Kim & Millimen, Amy.  (July 15, 2007).  "PPAP: Part Production Approval Process, A living Paper".  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/PPAP.htm 
 

Abstract:  PPAP is an acronym for Production Part Approval Process [pronounced ‘P - Pap] Initially developed by AIAG (Auto Industry Action Group), PPAP has now spread to just about every other industry. PPAP is used to formally reduce risks prior to product or service release, in a team oriented manner using well established tools and techniques.

Other Information: This article is published by ASQ San Diego

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Niles, Kim.  (July 15, 2008).  "Indeterminate Measurements".  ASQ San Diego Website.  Found at:  www.asqsandiego.org/attach_files/IndeterminateMeas_KN_1999.pdf

Same article originally published by SAMPE San Diego.  No longer available.

Abstract:  Recent Spring cleaning exposed this old CSUDH MSQA Measurement class term paper I wrote in 1999. It still seems to apply to our Quality efforts of today so I thought I'd share it with you.

Other Information: This article is published by ASQ San Diego

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Niles, Kim.  (May, 2009).  "Back to Basics: Sample Wise".  Quality Progress Magazine.  Found at: www.KimNiles.com/sample-wise_KN_qp0509.pdf

Same article republished by ASQ San Diego.  Found at: http://www.asqsandiego.org/news/may09edmail.htm#FArticle 

Abstract: Selecting the correct sample size is often the most difficult aspect of any project. Rules of thumb are important because they promote discussion that facilitates the selection of an optimal sample size.  This article reviews the three components of selecting a sample, rules of thumb, and

 other related advise

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Michele Nash-Hoff.  (May, 2009)  "Can American Manufacturing Be Saved?".  Credited reference as "Kim Niles wrote most of one chapter in this book".