Selected sources with
possible info pertaining to haplogroup G
topics
Note: This
page has adopted a new, tentative subgroup classification of haplogroup G
explained on the clade page of this site
that is not yet used by the commercial labs
Books Anderson, Graham, King
Arthur in Antiquity. Rutledge, London, 2004. Bachrach, Bernard S., A
History of the Alans in the West: From Their First Appearance in the Sources
of Classical Antiquity through
the Early Middle Ages. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1973. _______, Armies and Politics in
the Early Medieval West. Variorim, Aldershort, Hampshire, 1993. Broughton, T. Robert, The
Provinces of the Roman Empire: The European Provinces. Univ. of Chicago
Press, Chicago,
1968. Drinkwater, John and Elton, Hugh, Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?
Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, 1992. Elton, Hugh, Frontiers of the Roman Empire. Indiana Univ.
Press, Bloomington, 1996. Engel, Pál, The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary,
895-1526. I B. Tauris, London, 2001. Grant,
Michael, The Army of the Caesars. M. Evans
& Co., New York, 1974. Lengyel, A. and Radan, G. T.
B., The Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington,
1980. Littleton, C. Scott and
Garland, Linda A., From Scythia to Camelot.
Malcor Publ. Co., New York, 1994. Lupack, Alan, The Oxford Guide to Arthurian Literature and
Legend. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2005. Müller, Urs, Der Einfluss der
Sarmaten auf die Germanen. Peter Lang, Bern, 1998. Oppenheimer, Stephen, The Origins of the British, A
Genetic Detective Story
...., Carroll & Graf, New York, 2006. Otetea, Andrei, The History of the
Romanian People. Twayne Publications, New York, 1970. Pohl, Walter, "The Vandals: Fragments of a Narrative," in
Merrills, A. H., ed., Vandals, Romans and Berbers:
New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa. Ashgate Press, Aldershot,
Hants., 2004. Raven, Susan, Rome in Africa, 3rd ed. Routledge, London,
1993. Róna-Tat, András, Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An
Introduction to Early Hungarian
History. CEU Press, Budapest,
1996 [1999 edition]. Roymans, N., ed., From the Sword to the Plough: Three Studies on the
Earliest Romanisation of Northern
Gaul.
Amsterdam Univ.
Press, Amsterdam, 1996. Sulimirski, T., The Sarmatians. Praeger Publishers, New York,
1970. [This is perhaps the largest collection
of pictures of Sarmatian artifacts. Certain
conjectures in his epilogue about Sarmatian genetic
relationships with the Sorbs, Croats,
etc. are not validated
by the DNA record.]
Papers presented at the Barcelona conference on
Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, May 2007
Alonso, Santos et
al., "The
Place of the Basques in the European Y-Chromosome
Diversity Landscape,"
European Journal of Human Genetics, 2005, vol. 13, pp.
1293-1302. [Figure 1
contains not only Basque G results, but also updated Iberian & Berber G
data] Athey, T. Whit, "A Major
Subclade of Haplogroup G2," Journal of Genetic
Genealogy,
2007, vol. 3, p 14 ff. Behar, Doran N. et
al. "Contrasting
Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi
Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations
," Human Genetics, 2004, vol 114, pp.
354-65. The G haplotype data from
this study displayed at Whit Athey
site. Cadenas, Alicia M. et al., "Y-Chromosome Diversity
Characterizes the Gulf of Oman,
European Journal of Genetics, 2007, vol. [ahead of publication] , pp
1-13. [Lists in Figure
1, G percentages in Yemen,
Qatar and United Arab Emirates] Capelli,
Christian, et al., "A
Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles," Current Biology, 2003, vol
13, pp. 70-94. __________________"Y Chromosome Genetic Variation in
the Italian Peninsula is Clinal and
Supports an Admixture Model for the
Mesolithic-Neolithic Encounter," Molecular Phylogenetics
and Evolution,
2007, [ahead of publication] [Lists in Table
1 the G percentages] Cinnioglu, Cengiz, et al., "Excavating
Y-Chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia," Human
Genetics,
2004, vol. 114, pp. 127-48. Cruciani, Fulvio
et al., "A
Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported
by High-Resolution
Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes," American Journal
of Human
Genetics, 2002, vol. 70(5), pp. 1197-1214. [Lists in Table 2 the G
percentages among two groups in
Morocco. He
lists haplo G as # 54.] Derenko, Miroslava
at al., "Contrasting Patterns of Y-Chromosome Variation in South
Siberian Populations from
Baikal and Altai-Sayan Regions," Human Genetics, 2006, vol. 118, pp.
591-604. [Lists in
table 1 the G
percentages among various southern Siberian groups.] DiGiacomo, F. et
al. "Clinal Patterns of Human Y Chromosomal Diversity in Continental
Italy and Greece,"
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2003, vol 23, pp. 387-95. [Lists in
table 1, G2a percentages in small samples in various
towns -- then called G2] Firasat, Sadaf, et al., "Y
Chromosomal Evidence for a Limited Greek Contribution to the
Pathan Population
of Pakistan," European Journal of Human Genetics, 2006, vol. 15,
pp. 121-26. [lists in Figure 1
percentages of G
(M201) in three northern Pakistan populations] Flores, Carlos et al., "Isolates in a Corridor of
Migrations: A High Resolution Analysis of
Y-Chromosome Variation in Jordan,"
The Japan Society of Human Genetics, 2005, vol. 50, pp.
435-41. [Lists in table 1 G
percentages in Jordan with previous percentages found in nearby
countries] ______________, "Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian
Peninsula Revealed by Y Chromosome
Analysis," European Journal of Human Genetics, 2003, vol. 12, pp.
855-63. [G results updated in the Alonso
article.] Francalacci, P. et al., "Peopling of Three Mediterranean Islands
(Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily)," Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2003, vol. 121, pp. 270-79.
[Lists G percentages in Table 2
but newer studies
have larger samples.] Goff, Phillip G. and Athey, T. Whit, "Diagnostic Y-STR Markers in Haplogroup
G," Journal of Genetic
Genealogy, 2006, vol 2(1), pp. 12-17. Hammata, János, "Studies in the History and
Language of the Sarmatians," Acta Universitatis
de Attila József Nominatae, Acta Antique
et Archaeologica, Tomus
XIII, 1970, pp. 1-130. Hammer,
Michael F. et al., "Dual Origins of the Japanese:
Common Ground for Hunter-Gatherer and
Farmer Y-Chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics ,
vol. 51(1), pp. 47-58. [Lists in
supplementary material, G percentages from all over southern and eastern
Asia] Karafet, Tatiana et al., "Paternal
Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns and
Microevolutionary Processes,"
American Journal of Human Genetics, 2001, vol. 69, pp 615-28.
[Lists in table
1, G percentages
among Kazakhs and Uzbeks] Karlsson, Andreas O., "Y-Chromosome Diversity in Sweden
-- A Long-Time
Perspective," European Journal of Human Genetics, 2006, vol. 14, pp. 963-70.
[Lists G percentages in Sweden and
a part of Finland in table 1.] King, R. J. et. al., Differential Y-Chromosome
Anatolian Influences on the Greek and
Cretan Neolithic,"
Annals of Human Genetics, 2008, vol. 72, pp. 205-14. [Lists in figure 2
the percentages
of
certain G subgroups
in Crete and Greece.] Luca, F. et al., "Y-Chromosomal Variation in the
Czech Republic," American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, 2007, vol. 132(1), pp. 132-39. [Lists G
percentages in table 1] Luis, J. R. et al., "The
Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors
of Human
Migrations," American Journal of Human
Genetics , 2004, vol. 74(3), pp.
532-44. [12 G2a
(P15+) haplotypes [then called G2] from Egypt listed in the unpublished data
set from this article] Majanovic, D. et al., "The Peopling of Modern
Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-Chromosome Haplogroups
in the Three Main Ethnic
Groups," Annals of Human Genetics
, 2005, vol. 69, pp. 1-7. Martinez, Laisel et al., "Paleolithic Y-Haplogroup
Heritage Predominates in a Cretan
Highland Plateau,"
European Journal of Human Genetics, 2007, vol. 15, pp. 485-93.
[Figure 2 lists the G percentage
found in 3 areas of Crete.] Moore, Laoise T. et al., "A
Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic
Ireland," American Journal of Human Genetics
, 2006, vol. 78(2), pp. 334-38. .xls spreadsheet
file has
the
data. Nasidze, Ivan,
et al., "Testing
Hypotheses of Language Replacement in the Caucasus: Evidence from the
Y Chromosome," Human
Genetics, 2003, vol. 112, pp. 255-61.
______________"Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations
of Iran," Current
Biology, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 668-73. ______________"Genetic
Evidence concerning the Origins of South and North
Ossetians," Annals of
Human Genetics, 2004, vol. 68, pp.
588-99. ______________"Mitochondrial DNA and
Y-Chromsome Variation in the Caucasus," Annals
of Human
Genetics, 2004, vol. 68, pp. 204-21. ______________"MtDNA
and Y-Chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups," Annals of
Human Genetics, 2005, vol. 69, pp.
401-12. ______________"The Gagauz, a Linguistic Enclave, Are Not a Genetic
Isolate, " Annals of
Human Genetics,
2006, vol. 71, pp. 379-89. [lists in table 3, G percentage in several
Moldavian populations] _____________
"Close Genetic Relationship between Semitic-Speaking and Indo-European
Speaking Groups
in Iran," Annals of Human Genetics, 2008, vol. 72, pp.
242-52. [lists
in table 3, G percentages among groups in southwestern
Iran]
COMMENTARY: As late as 2008, Nasidze was still publishing only short
haplotypes, has
not released some of his data in a timely manner, and only tests for very
basic
haplogroups when it is now known that only subgroup testing can provide
meaningful info.
It is shame that the potential for so much additional info from a poorly
sampled area of
the world has been squandered] Pericic, Marijana et al., "Review of Croatian Genetic
Heritage as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomal Lineages
," Croatian Medical Journal,
2005, vol. 46(4), pp.
502-13. [G percentages listed in table 2.] Qamar, Raheel et al., "Y
Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan," American Journal of Human
Genetics, 2002,
vol. 70(5), pp. 1107-24. Regueiro, M., et al., "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus
for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration," Human
Heredity, 2006, vol. 61, pp.
132-43. Sahoo, Sanghamitra, "A
Prehistory of Indian Y Chromosomes: Evaluating Demic Diffusion
Scenarios," Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 2006, vol. 103(4), pp.
843-48. Sengupta, Sanghamitra, "Polarity
and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in
India Identify
Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of
Central Asian
Pastoralists ," American
Journal of Human Genetics, 2006, vol. 78(2), pp.
202-21. Table of Haplotypes/Haplogroups in this article (Pakistani and
Indian G1, G2, G5 samples -- now called G1, G2a, G2c
respectively). Shen, Peidong, et al., "Reconstruction of Patrilineages and
Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other
Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence
Variation," Human Mutation, 2004, vol. 24, pp. 248-60.
[Lists G percentages among some Israeli
and Middle
Eastern groups in figure 1.] Weale, Michael et
al., "Y
Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration," Molecular
Biology and Evolution, 2002,
vol. 19, pp. 1008-1021. Zei, Gianna, et al., "From Surnames to the History of Y Chromosomes:
the Sardinian Population as a Paradigm," European Journal of Human Genetics, 2003, vol. 11, pp. 802-07.
Family Tree DNA search page for
persons with specified haplogroups....choose G, G1, G2a, G2c, etc.http://www.ysearch.org/haplosearch_start.asp?uid=D59FR Some persons there will actually belong to subgroups, but their samples
have not been tested for subgroups.