WordPerfect 5.1 is a general-purpose word processing program for IBM and IBM-compatible computers running DOS or Windows. Developed and sold by WordPerfect Corporation of Orem, Utah, WordPerfect is one of the most popular business software programs, ranking with Lotus 1-2-3 in popularity. WordPerfect has a wealth of features, probably more than any one person can truly master. While some may be overwhelmed by WordPerfect's range of features, the trade-off is that it's unlikely you'll ever have a word processing task that WordPerfect won't handle very well. And it's certainly not necessary to master everything there is to know about WordPerfect in order to effectively use the program. If you don't see yourself ever using tables of authorities, for example, just ignore them.

You don't want to ignore too many of WordPerfect's features, however, as many are quite helpful and even necessary to know if you want to use the program efficiently. Efficiency is one of the goals you should strive for—learning to create simple or complex documents quickly efficiently, and in a form that can be easily revised if needed. Style is another goal that you should strive for, that is, knowing how to apply WordPerfect's features in order to get the look that you want.

WordPerfect is probably not the easiest word processing program to learn. It might not even be the easiest to use, although experienced users might disagree. But by committing the effort necessary to learn the program, you'll have at you command an extremely powerful program that will change the way you look at your work. Good luck in your learning efforts.

First, using WordPerfect or any other computer program is not difficult. The computer does, however, demand a high degree of precision in your work. For example, in almost any action you take in WordPerfect, the position of the cursor is vitally important to the success of the operation. You need to make sure, then, that you've positioned the cursor properly before you start any operation.

Second, each key has a highly specific meaning. At first glance, the Backspace key and the Left arrow key might appear to do the same thing, but they don't. Pressing one when the situation calls for the other does the wrong thing, and you'll have to make corrections or adjustments.

Third, be aware of the current situation. If you press a key by mistake, WordPerfect will probably do something you didn't intend. For example, if you mean to press the Format key to get the menu of formatting instructions, but you press the Font key by mistake, WordPerfect displays the menu of font instructions, because that's what you requested, even though by accident. You must get rid of the font menu before you can press the key you originally meant to press, the Format key. If you proceed as though you correctly summoned the formatting menu, you'll make additional errors that will require correction. Be aware of what WordPerfect is asking for, and respond to that situation.

Fourth, be aware of the capabilities and limitations of WordPerfect. To familiarize yourself with what WordPerfect can do, scan through the entire WordPerfect manual. You don't have to read it and understand how to do everything right now, but read it to be aware of features that exist, and in what situations you might use them. For example, if you never read far enough to learn that WordPerfect can automatically index a document, you might find yourself spending hours creating an index manually. Or you might try to manually put page numbers, headers, footers, or footnotes in the document, when WordPerfect can handle these automatically.

Here's an illustration of what can happen when you don't use WordPerfect properly. Suppose you want to type an indented paragraph, where the left margin of the paragraph is indented five spaces from the regular left margin. Here's the paragraph:

This is an example of an indented paragraph. When typing this paragraph,

I pressed the Enter key at the end of each line, at the point where I

though the right margin was. Before each line of this paragraph, I

pressed the space bar five times to produce the indent.

Right now, this paragraph looks fine. But remember, one of the major benefits of word processing is the ability to modify the text—to edit it, reformat using different margins or type sizes, and so forth. Let's insert an additional sentence and other corrections (shown by underlining) to this paragraph and see what happens:

This is an example of an indented paragraph. Now is the time for all good men (and women and children) to come to the aid of their country. When typing this paragraph,

I pressed the Enter key (sometimes called the Return key) at the end of each line, at the point where I

though the right margin was. Before each line of this paragraph, I

pressed the space bar five times to produce the indent.

The alignment of the paragraph is destroyed, and it will take a lot of editing to make it look right. If this paragraph had been typed correctly from the start, using WordPerfect's automatic indent and word wrap features, the revisions would not destroy the paragraph.

This problem occurred because I tried to use WordPerfect as I would a typewriter, that is, by pressing the Enter (or Return) key at the end of each line, and using the space bar (or perhaps the tab key) to produce the indent. WordPerfect doesn't work exactly like a typewriter, and you need to be aware of the differences.

As for limitations of WordPerfect, the best advice is to start small and then do the big project. For example, suppose you want to use WordPerfect for a mailing list. The merge function of WordPerfect requires that you enter the merge data (the list of names and addresses) in a specific format. Otherwise, you may not be able to get the results you need. A good approach is to enter a dozen or so names and addresses in the format you've decided on, and then see if you can produce the letters, labels, and reports you need. If it turns out you've entered the data in an incorrect format, you can start over or correct the existing data until you get it right. If you had gone ahead and entered several thousand names and addresses, and then found that you couldn't produce the output you want, you'd have a big job to make corrections or enter the data again. The experience you gain with the small project will ensure that the large project goes smoothly. This advice holds for almost any computer software you use.

Finally, use your imagination. It's impossible for anyone to teach you all there is to know about WordPerfect (or any other software) and how to apply its features to your situation. Your imagination and experimentation will lead you towards getting the most out of your software.

Most of the keys on the IBM PC keyboard have the same meanings to WordPerfect as they do to most other programs. All the typewriter keys produce the characters they're labeled with. WordPerfect does give extra meanings to many of the keys, and most of these meanings are specific to WordPerfect.

WordPerfect makes extensive use of the PC's function keys, the ten grey keys labeled F1 through F10 at the left of the keyboard, or on newer keyboards, 12 keys along the top of the keyboard. WordPerfect assigns four meanings to each of the function keys. The keyboard template lays over the keyboard and labels each of the function keys.

WordPerfect also uses the cursor keypad at the right of the keyboard for navigation. These keys (on most keyboards) are marked with both cursor control meanings (Up, Down, Left, Right, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Ins, and Del) and with numbers. Normally, when you start your computer and WordPerfect, these keys have their cursor control meanings. To use them to type numbers, press the Num Lock key. Now the keys have their numeric meanings. To use them as cursor controls again, press Num Lock again. If you have the newer IBM Enhanced Keyboard, there are separate keys for cursor movement and number entry.

All keys (with a few exceptions) on the keyboard repeat when you hold them down. The repetition starts very quickly, after about half a second. It's good, then, to strike the keys sharply to avoid unwanted keystrokes. The exception is the Shift, Control, and Alternate keys. These special keys are shift keys. They don't produce characters or commands, so you can hold them down for as long as you want.

Each function key has four meanings. For example, the F6 key is labeled with the word Bold in black. The black labeled meanings are what the function key does when pressed by itself. In blue, the key is labeled with Flush Right. To access meanings in blue, hold down the Alt (Alternate) key and press the function key. In green, the F6 key is labeled Center. To access meanings in green, hold down the shift key and press the function key. In red, the F6 key is labeled Tab Align. To access meanings in red, hold down the Ctrl (Control) key and press the function key. It's important to strike the function keys carefully, as if you press the wrong function key combination, you'll have to take steps to correct the error.

Remember, don't hold down the function keys, or you'll issue the command several times. You can hold down the Shift, Control, and Alternate keys as long as you want, but strike and release the function keys quickly.

WordPerfect, starting with version 5.1, has two types of menus. The first type, the command menu, is the menus that WordPerfect has always used. These menus appear when you press a function key. For example, pressing the Format (Shift-F8) key produces a command menu of various formatting options.

Normally, WordPerfect does not display the command menus on the screen. At times, however, WordPerfect will display a menu at the bottom of the screen (a few menus cover the entire screen). WordPerfect menus are numbered, meaning that you type a number to select something from a menu. Alternatively, each menu command contains a bolded letter. You can select the command by typing the bolded letter. Often, it's the first letter of the command, but not always. For example, the menu that the Date/Outline key produces looks something like this:

1 Date Text; 2 Date Code; 3 Date Format; 4 Outline; 5 Para Num; 6 Define: 0

To select Date Text press 1 or T, since T is the bolded letter. To select Date Code press 2 or C. Don't press the Enter key, as striking 1 or 2 is sufficient. If you do press the Enter key, WordPerfect will use the stroke of the Enter key later on, adding a blank line to your document or making a menu choice you don't want to make.

If you press a key and get a menu by mistake, pressing any key other than the menu item keys (the 1, 2, and 3 characters) will exit the menu without performing any action. WordPerfect proposes a 0 as the default response for many menus (note the 0 after the colon at the end of the example menu line). Therefore, pressing the Enter key will select menu item 0, which means exit the menu without doing anything. It may be easier to remember to press the Cancel (F1) key to exit a menu without performing one of the menu commands.

WordPerfect, starting with version 5.1, also contains a menu-driven interface that you can use instead of the normal function keys. These menus are called pull-down menus. The menus don't give you any extra features, they simply serve as an additional method of issuing WordPerfect commands.

To use the pull-down menus, hold down the Alternate key and press the equals sign. You'll see a bar at the top of the screen that looks like this:

File Edit Search Layout Mark Tools Font Graphics Help

These words represent the groups of menu commands. As you might imagine, commands for changing fonts appear under the Font group, while changing margins is under the Layout group.

To select a menu group to work with, you can use the Left arrow and Right arrow keys to move the highlight to a menu group. After highlighting, press the Enter key. A second and faster method is to touch the highlighted letter of the group you want to work with. (In the example above, the highlights are shown as underlines.) For example, to select the Layout group, touch l. To select the Font group, touch o.

After selecting the menu group, you'll see pull-down menus that look like these examples:

Once you've pulled down a menu, you can select a command by using the Down arrow or Up arrow key to highlight the command, pressing the Enter key after highlighting the command. Or, you can touch the highlighted (underlined in this printed example) letter.

Some menu commands are followed by a Ø character. This means that this menu command has a submenu. If you move the highlight to this command, or if you select it by touching the highlighted letter, you'll then be able to make a selection from the submenu.

To remove the menus without making a command selection, press the Exit key (F7).

One of the most important skills you can acquire is moving through documents efficiently. WordPerfect provides a wide variety of cursor movements.

Up, Down, Left, and Right—Using the Up and Down arrow keys moves one line up or down. Using the Left arrow and Right arrow keys move one character to the left and right. These keys, like most other keys, repeat if you hold them down, so you can move large distances quickly. These four keys are the most fundamental movements; you can always get to your destination by using these keys, but the advanced movements listed below will greatly improve your efficiency.

By Words—Holding down the Control key and pressing either the Left or Right arrow keys moves one word at a time. Again, if you hold the Control key and the Left or Right arrow keys, WordPerfect will repeat the action and move large distances quickly.

To the Start or End of a Line—Pressing Home followed by Left or Right arrow moves to the left or right edge of the screen. Pressing Home Home Left arrow moves to the beginning of a line, and Home Home Right arrow moves to the right end of the line, after any hidden codes at the end of the line. Pressing Home Home Home Left arrow moves to the very start of the line, before any hidden codes. The End key also moves to the end of the line as does Home Home Right arrow.

Note that Home is not a "shift" key in these sense that Control (Ctrl) is. To use Ctrl with something, you hold down Ctrl while pressing the other key. To use Home, press and release Home, and then press the other key.

By Paragraphs—Hold down Control (Ctrl) while pressing the Up or Down arrow keys move to the previous or next paragraph.

By Printed Pages—The Page Up and Page Down keys move to the start of the next or previous printed page. The number of lines that these keys move depend on how many lines your printed pages contain.

By Screens of Text—The grey plus and minus keys located at the very right of the keyboard move up (the minus key) and down (the plus key) a screenful of text. Normally, this is 24 lines of text. This is the method to move about the document in order to read it or to look for a particular place. If you press Page Down, you'll move an entire printed page. Since a printed page usually contains at least 50 lines while the screen shows far fewer lines, you'll overlook much of the document if you use Page Down and Page Up instead of Screen Down and Screen Up.

If you have an enhanced 101-key keyboard with the separate cursor and numeric keypads, these keys aren't available when the Num Lock light is on. Instead, make do with these keystrokes: Pressing Home Down arrow once takes the cursor to the last line on the screen. Pressing Home Down arrow again moves down one screen of text. Home Up arrow works the same way.

To the Top of the Document—Pressing the Home key twice, followed by the Up arrow key, moves directly to the top of the document. This is a good key to remember, as you'll need to move to the top of the document to make many formatting changes.

Actually, Home Home Up arrow doesn't move to the very top of the document. Instead, it moves to the first text character, after any hidden codes at the very top of the document. Pressing Home Home Home Up arrow moves to the extreme top of the document, before any hidden codes.

To the End of the Document—Pressing the Home key twice, followed by the Down arrow key, moves directly to the end of the document. This is a particularly helpful maneuver, as often you want to move to the end of the document to continue typing.

To a Particular Page—Pressing the Go To key (Control-Home) prompts for a page number to move to. Enter a page number and press Enter.

To a Column—When in column mode, use the Go To key (Control-Home) followed by the Left arrow or Right arrow keys to move from one column to another.

To a Character—Pressing the Go To key (Control-Home) followed by a single character moves to the next occurrence of that character, if it can be found in the next 2,000 characters.

To The Previous Position—Pressing the Goto key (Control-Home) twice returns you to the previous position before a major move. If, for example, you pressed Page Down mistakenly, pressing Goto twice returns you to where you were.

When Highlighting a Block—When highlighting a block of text for moving, copying, deleting, or whatever, place the cursor at the beginning of the block. Then, if you press any character key, WordPerfect extends the block highlight to the next occurrence of that character. Examples: To highlight by words, press the space bar, although you may have to use Left arrow to contract the block by the extra space after a word. To highlight a sentence, the period key usually works. To highlight a paragraph, press the Enter key once or twice.

Typing with WordPerfect is much like using a typewriter, but there are a few important differences. One difference that causes some difficulty is the use of the Enter key and the space bar. These two keys produce actual characters, as opposed to the cursor movement keys, which simply move the cursor through the document.

Remember these two rules: Press the Enter key only at the end of paragraphs or short lines. Press the space bar only to separate words and sentences.

When typing a paragraph, press the Enter key only at the end of the paragraph. While you're typing, WordPerfect keeps track of the length of the lines, and automatically moves the cursor to the next line at the appropriate time according to the margins you're using. This feature is called word wrap, and you'll want to take advantage of it. It makes typing easier, and if you do press the Enter key at the end of each line, WordPerfect won't be able to properly justify paragraphs when you make revisions.

When typing short lines, as in an address like this:

John Doe

100 N. Main Street

Wichita, KS 67202

do press the Enter key at the end of each line, because you want WordPerfect to start a new line at the right time. Think of each of these lines as its own paragraph.

If you mistype a character, use the grey backspace key (located above the Enter key) to back up the cursor, deleting the character to its left as it moves. Then type the correct character and continue. If the incorrect character is several characters back to the left, many times it's easiest to use the backspace key to erase back to the erroneous character and retype the correct characters.

Don't confuse the Backspace key and the Left arrow key. The backspace key erases characters as it moves; the Left arrow key moves without erasing. Thus, if you correct a just-mistyped character by pressing Left arrow, you'll also have to use the Delete key to delete the character (assuming you're working in insert mode, which is most common and the best mode to work in).

If you're proofreading your document later on and you see erroneous characters, the first thing to do is to erase the offending characters. First, use the cursor movement keys so that the cursor is at the character to delete. Then, strike the Delete (Delete) key to erase the character. Press it again to delete additional characters.

Notice that after you delete characters, WordPerfect closes up the space formerly occupied by the deleted characters. Text from succeeding lines may move up to close the space.

To insert the correct character, first position the cursor so that it is at the position where the new character should go. Then type the new character. Don't press the Enter key after inserting a character; if you do, you'll insert a hard return character, which will split the word across two lines.

The rule for inserting is that the new characters will go in front of the character that the cursor is positioned on.

Example: You type Chicako instead of Chicago. Using the cursor movement keys, position the cursor under the k then press the Delete key. The word now looks like Chicao, with the cursor under the o. Since we need to insert a g in front of the o, the cursor's already in the proper position for inserting the g. Type a g and it's fixed.

Notice that when inserting new characters, WordPerfect moves the rest of the line to the right to make room for the new characters. If necessary, WordPerfect moves words from one line to the next. You can type as much as you like, and WordPerfect will keep moving the text to create new space. Sometimes when inserting large amounts of text, however, the text may extend far past the right margin. Don't worry about this—it's just WordPerfect being "lazy" about continuously updating every character on the screen. As soon as you move down through the rest of the page (or press the Screen key (Control-F3) and 3), WordPerfect will align the text properly.

The above instructions assume that you're working in insert mode, which is the mode that WordPerfect usually starts up in. When in insert mode, WordPerfect makes new space to accommodate the characters you type.

The other mode that WordPerfect works in is typeover mode. While in typeover mode, WordPerfect replaces existing characters with the new characters that you type.

To switch to typeover mode, press the Ins (insert) key. WordPerfect displays the word Typeover at the bottom left of the screen to indicate typeover mode. There is no indicator displayed when in insert mode.

To switch back to insert mode, press the Insert key again.

You can work in either typeover or insert mode as you prefer. Most people find that insert mode is more versatile, and therefore stay in that mode almost exclusively. That's why WordPerfect starts out in insert mode.

One of the most useful keys in WordPerfect is the Delete Word key (Control-backspace). This key lets you replace one word with another very quickly and easily. To use the Delete Word key, simply move the cursor so that it's anywhere within the word you want to delete. Then press Delete Word (Control-backspace), and WordPerfect deletes the entire word.

The key to making efficient corrections with Delete Word is to remain in insert mode. After deleting the old word with Delete Word, type the new word without moving the cursor. You'll need to type a space after the new word, because Delete Word deletes the space after the word. Remember this key, because using it along with the Word Left and Word Right keys (Control-Left arrow and Control-Right arrow) can save a lot of time and effort when making corrections.

The Delete EOL (Control-End) deletes all characters from the position of the cursor to the end of the line. To delete an entire line, move to the left end of the line (using either Home Home Left arrow or Home Home Home Left arrow) and press Control-End.

1 Window; 2 Line Draw; 3 Rewrite: 3

When you make editing and formatting changes, WordPerfect does not always automatically update the screen to show the new formatting. This "lazy" screen updating is so that you don't spend a lot of time waiting for WordPerfect to do its formatting work.

Since WordPerfect doesn't make completely automatic screen updates, at times the screen may not correctly display the format of the document. You can make WordPerfect update the screen by moving the cursor through the text, or by pressing the Screen key (Control-F3) and pressing 3 Rewrite.

When you type text into WordPerfect, the text goes into your computer's random access memory, known as RAM (often RAM is simply called memory). This memory is not permanent, so to retain a lasting copy of your work, save the document to disk.

When you're ready to save, press the Save key (F10). (The cursor doesn't have to be in any particular position to save the document; WordPerfect saves the entire document unless part of the document is highlighted as a block.) WordPerfect prompts for the name of the DOS file to save the document in.

You need to follow the usual DOS file naming rules, which means that you can use up to eight characters composed of the alphabet letters (upper and lower case don't matter here), the numeric digits, and the $ & # @ ! % ' ~ ( ) - _ { } characters. Don't use spaces in a file name.

If you wish, you can follow the name with a period and a three-character extension. The extension must be composed of characters following the same rules as for the file name. Many people use .wp as an extension, but others develop codes such as .mem for memos or .let for letters.

After you type the document name, press the Enter key. WordPerfect displays the word Saving followed by the document name. When this disappears, WordPerfect is finished saving, and you can continue.

Replace C:\DATA\LETTER1.WP? No (Yes)

When saving a document that's already been saved, WordPerfect will propose to save the document with the same name as it was previously saved with. If you want to use the same name, just press the Enter key when WordPerfect asks for the document name. In this case, WordPerfect will notice that there's already a document with that name on the disk, and it will ask whether to replace that document.

Your response to this question is important. If you answer Y to the replace question, WordPerfect will effectively erase the version of the document on the disk, and save the version that's on the screen (the version in RAM memory). This is usually what you want to do, as when you revise a document, generally the old version is obsolete, and there's no reason to retain it along with the new version.

There may be times, though, when you want to retain both the old version and the new revised version. In this case, the first course of action is to type a new document name when WordPerfect asks for the name to save the document with. But if you went ahead and pressed the Enter key, indicating that you wish to save the new version with the old name, answer N when WordPerfect asks to replace the old version. Then type a new name in response to the document name request and press Enter.

You may also get the replace question when you don't expect it. Suppose you write a letter to Smith in January, and you save it with the name Smith. Then, in July you write a totally different letter to a totally different Smith, and when it comes time to save it, you use the name Smith again. WordPerfect will notice the old January Smith document on the disk and ask whether to replace it. If you select Y, you'll lose the January Smith letter, as it will be replaced with the July Smith letter you're now saving, even though the two documents are totally unrelated. Use caution when answering Y to the replace question to make sure you're replacing only an old version of what's in RAM memory.

WordPerefect does have a new long document name feature that lets you use longer names than the DOS file names.

If you have a hard disk drive system, WordPerfect will generally want to save your document on the subdirectory where the WordPerfect program files are stored. It's not good to save your work in this directory, because it then becomes difficult to backup your data files without having to also backup all the WordPerfect program files.

To save a document in a different drive or directory, you can type the complete file specification when you press the F10 Save key. For example, you could type c:\data\letter1.wp to save a document in a file called letter1.wp, on drive C, in the directory \data. When retrieving the file, you'd need to also type the complete description. When you're going to be working with one particular drive or directory for several operations, however, it's good to change WordPerfect's default drive and directory. Then, you can refer to files directly, without having to type the drive and directory names as well.

Dir C:\WP51\*.* (Type = to change default Dir)

To change the default drive, press the List Files key (F5). Press the equals sign key (=), then type the new default drive and directory and press the Enter key. Finally, press the Cancel (F1) key.

The equals sign is important. If you don't press it, WordPerfect will go ahead and show the List Files screen for the directory you're using, but the default directory wasn't changed. This means that the next time you press F5 List Files, you won't get the same directory. Even more important, if you create a new document and save it, the document won't be saved in the directory you thought you had changed to.

With WordPerfect 5.1, it is possible to permanently change the directory that WordPerfect initially uses. To do so, press Setup (Shift-F1), type 6 Location of Files, type 7 documents, and type the directory name. Press Enter and Exit (F7) to complete the command. Now, whenever you start WordPerfect, this will be the default drive.

To work with a document that you've previously saved, you first need to retrieve it from the disk to the computer's RAM memory so that it appears on the screen.

First, change WordPerfect's default drive to the drive that holds your data disk. Then follow either of these procedures:

Press the Retrieve key (Shift-F10). Type the name of the document and press Enter.

The first method requires that you remember the name of your document, the second method doesn't. Use the method that you think is easiest. With either method, it takes WordPerfect a moment to load the document, and then it appears on the screen.

Generally speaking, you'll want to use the F7 Exit key to clear the screen of any existing document before retrieving another document. Otherwise, WordPerfect will insert the incoming document at the current cursor position—leading to a situation where two documents become intermingled. Whe you retrieve a document through the List Files method, WordPerfect will display this message:

Retrieve into current document? No (Yes)

If you answer Yes, you'll insert the document into the current document. When retrieving text with the Shift-F10 Retrieve key, WordPerfect doesn't ask for this confirmation—it inserts the incoming document automatically.

1 - Full Document

2 - Page

3 - Document on Disk

4 - Control Printer

5 - Multiple Pages

6 - View Document

7 - Initialize Printer

S - Select Printer IBM 4019 LaserPrinter (PostScript)

B - Binding Offset 0"

N - Number of Copies 1

U - Multiple Copies Generated by WordPerfect

G - Graphics Quality High

T - Text Quality High

There are two ways to print—from the screen, or from a file.

No matter which method you use, WordPerfect takes a moment to start printing (long documents with many pages may take up to a few minutes, but documents of a few pages take just a few seconds). After WordPerfect starts printing, you can do anything you want except leave WordPerfect. You could retrieve a different document and work on it, write a new document, or continue editing the document you're printing.

Important points to remember when printing: Make sure your copy of WordPerfect is installed correctly for the printer you're using. WordPerfect supports a wide variety of printers, and you can install any number of printers. The reason for installing many printers is that some people may have more than one printer. WordPerfect also uses the printer definitions to control the type of paper handling options you're using—continuous forms, hand-fed forms, or sheets fed through a sheet feeder.

When printing with a printer defined for hand-fed forms, WordPerfect beeps when it's ready to print on a new page. Wait until your printer stops printing (because of the print buffer many printers maintain, WordPerfect may finish sending the page to the printer before the printer actually finishes the page), insert the new page, then give WordPerfect the Go command. The Go command is on the printer control menu, so you may need to press the Print (Shift-F7) key, select 4 Control Printer from the menu, then press G to give the printer a Go.

With any printer, it's important to align the paper properly before starting the print. Otherwise, the top and bottom margins will not be correct, and WordPerfect may print over the perforation separating the pages. With most printers that use continuous forms, the proper position is so that the perforation is just above the print head, but consult your printer manual for details on the proper position.

If you find it necessary to cancel a print job, perhaps because the paper is jamming or crooked, or if the document doesn't look right, press the Print (Shift-F7) key, select 4 Control Printer, and press S to stop printing. Then, press C to cancel the job, and supply the number of the print job to cancel. Even though WordPerfect stops printing, you printer may continue due to the print buffer in your printer. With most printers, the only way to clear the print buffer and make the printer stop printing is to turn it off.

WordPerfect contains a print preview feature that lets you see the printed version of your document without actually printing it. This feature is handy because different type sizes, certain character formatting, page numbers, headers, footers, footnotes, and some other WordPerfect formatting features aren't visible until you print. To save paper and time, you can preview them on the screen.

To preview a printed document, first retrieve it. Then press the Print key (Shift-F7) and press 6 View Document. After a few moments, WordPerfect presents the preview. This is a special view of the document, and you can't perform any editing—all you can do is move about and look. Use Page up and Page down to move to different pages. You can use the menu commands to select different magnifications of the document, 100% of actual size, 200% of actual size, or full page. Facing pages presents two pages at a time, a left-hand page and a right-hand page. This is handy for previewing documents that will be printed on both sides of the paper, such as this booklet.

When you're finished with the preview, press the Exit key (F7) to return to your document.

Epson LQ-850 (M8 ROM)

* HP DeskJet 500

HP LaserJet III

Standard Printer

1 Select; 2 Additional Printers; 3 Edit; 4 Copy; 5 Delete; 6 Help; 7 Update: 1

Depending on your computer system, you may need to select the printer that you want to use. This is the screen that you see if you select S - Select Printer after pressing the Print (Shift-F7) key. (The asterisk indicates the currently selected printer, also identified on the opening print screen.) If necessary, use the arrow keys to highlight the printer that you want to use, and then select 1 Select from the menu.

There are quite a few reasons why you might need to select the printer you want to print on. Some people have two printers connected to their computer. People using a network might use different selections to indicate which of the several network printers they want to print on. As different printers have different fonts and other features, your printer selection determines the fonts that appear when you select a base font.

Save document? Yes (No) (Text was not modified)

To quit WordPerfect, press the Exit key (F7). WordPerfect asks whether to save the document you're working on. Answer Y or N as appropriate, but do not press the Enter key. (If you answer Y, WordPerfect asks for the name of the document to save.)

When WordPerfect asks Exit WP? press Y to leave WordPerfect and return to the DOS prompt. If you press N, you return to WordPerfect, but with a clear screen. This is how you clear a document so that you can start working with a new document. If you press the Cancel key (F1), then WordPerfect returns you to the document.

It is very important that you always exit WordPerfect by using the Exit key. If you exit WordPerfect by turning off your computer, then the next time you start WordPerfect, you'll get a confusing message, and perhaps your printer will start printing mysteriously. WordPerfect is one program that you must quit by using the Exit key to avoid these problems.

Exit WP? No (Yes) (Cancel to return to document)

To clear the WordPerfect screen to start working with a different document, press the Exit (F7) key. WordPerfect asks whether to save the current document. Answer Y or N as appropriate. Remember, you need to save any changes you've made. (If you answer Y, WordPerfect asks for the name of the document to save.)

To clear the screen, press N when WordPerfect asks Exit WP?. WordPerfect presents a blank screen, and you can retrieve a different document or start typing a new document. This is the only method of clearing the screen—there is no function key or menu command called "Clear the Screen."

It's very important to clear the screen of an existing document before retrieving a different document. If you don't clear the screen, WordPerfect inserts the incoming document in the present document—creating a mess if this isn't your intention.

The Cancel key (F1) plays two distinct roles in WordPerfect. It first cancels many things that you started by accident, and it also can recover text deleted by accident.

Suppose you accidentally press a key, such as the Format key, that produces a menu of command choices. You must take action to remove the menu, as the next key you press will be interpreted as your selection from that menu. The Cancel key (F1) is the most direct way of exiting a menu without performing any of that menu's actions. Other keys work, too. All menus (except the Screen key (Control-F3) menu) have item zero implicitly defined as the null choice, meaning that pressing zero exits the menu without performing any actions. The Enter key does this too, because zero is already typed on most menus as the proposed choice, and pressing Enter accepts the proposed choice. Actually, pressing any key other than the menu item keys exits the menu.

Sometimes, though, you must press the Cancel key to back out of an unwanted action. Suppose you press the Search key (F2) by mistake. WordPerfect asks for the text to search for, and the characters you type next are interpreted as the text to search for. In this case, you must press the Cancel key to exit from the search text request without performing the unwanted search. In general, anytime WordPerfect asks for a textual response (such as text to search for or replace, or the name of the document to save) you must press the Cancel key to exit from the request.

The other function of the Cancel key is to restore text that you wish you hadn't deleted. WordPerfect stores the last three "things" you deleted, and you can recall them at any time. (A "thing" is a block of text or a set of continuous and successive deletions. Moving the cursor marks the end of a continuous deletion.)

Undelete: 1 Restore; 2 Previous Deletion: 0

WordPerfect does not restore the deleted text to its original position, but to the position of the cursor. To restore deleted text, then, first position the cursor to where the deleted text should be inserted. Then press the Cancel key (F1). WordPerfect displays the last level of deleted text. If that's the text you want to restore, press 1 Restore to insert it at the cursor location. If it isn't the text you want, press 2 Previous Deletion to show the previous deletion. If that isn't the text you want, press 2 Previous Deletion again to show the third level of deleted text. Pressing 2 Previous Deletion again shows the most recently deleted text again.

WordPerfect does store three levels of deletion, so there's a good chance that it remembers the text you want to restore. But if WordPerfect doesn't display it, there's not much to do except to press the Cancel key again to remove the Cancel key menu.

In WordPerfect, the Escape key lets you repeat actions as many times as you wish. To repeat an action, first press the Escape key, then press the key you wish to repeat. The key to repeat can be any of the keyboard characters or commands.

WordPerfect repeats the key eight times as a default value. You can change the number of repetitions by pressing Escape, typing the number of times to repeat, and pressing the key to repeat. This change is valid for this time only. To permanently change the number of times the Escape key repeats and action, press Escape, type the number, and press Enter. That number becomes the repetition count until you quit WordPerfect.

For example, to move down eight pages in the document, press Escape and then Page Down. To move down three pages, press Escape, type 3, and press Page Down. To type a line of 60 dashes across the screen, press Escape, type 60, and type -.

WordPerfect makes use of a variety of hidden codes to control formatting of a document. Hidden codes are special characters that do not display on the screen in normal mode, but appear when you shift to reveal codes mode by pressing the Reveal Codes key (Alternate-F3 or F11).

You place most hidden codes in the document by pressing function keys and making selections from menus. Most hidden codes, such as the margin change code, start their effect at the place where they appear, and continue to the end of the document, or until another hidden code appears that overrides the first.

You can undo the effect of a hidden code by deleting it. The easiest way is to switch to reveal codes mode with the Reveal Codes key (Alternate-F3 or F11). Then you can use the cursor keys to move the cursor (the cursor appears as a highlighted block) and use the backspace key to delete codes to the left of the cursor, or the delete key to delete codes the cursor is on.

For example, to delete underlining, the codes of interest are [UND] (begin underlining) and [und] (end underlining). One way to delete the [UND] code is to move to reveal codes and position the cursor on the hidden code of interest (remember, the highlighted block represents the cursor). Then, press the Delete key to delete the code. WordPerfect automatically deletes the [und] (end underline) code automatically. It may not do so immediately, but as you move the cursor through the text containing the code, WordPerfect deletes it.

When you're not in reveal codes mode, you may accidentally attempt to erase a hidden code when you're deleting characters with the backspace or delete keys. If you attempt to do this, WordPerfect questions you to see if you really mean to delete the code. Answer Y or N as appropriate. This means it's not absolutely necessary to be in reveal codes mode to delete a hidden code, but it's easier to be precise about the deletions when you can see the hidden codes. With practice and experience, you'll find that you can locate and delete many common codes (underline, bold, tab, indent) without moving to reveal codes mode.

While in reveal codes mode you can move about using the normal movement keys, enter text, delete text, and use function keys and menus. You could, if you want to, stay in reveal codes mode permanently. To leave reveal codes mode and return to normal editing, press Reveal Codes (Alt-F3 or F11) as indicated at the bottom of the screen.

Many WordPerfect functions can act upon a block of text. A block of text is simply a continuous section of a document, ranging in size from a single character on up to the entire document. Some of the things that you can do with a block of text are to print it, save it, move it, copy it, delete it, underline it, center it, spell check it, and much more.

To mark a block of text, move to either the first or last character that you want included in the block. Press the Block key (Alternate-F4 or F12). Use the cursor keys to move to the other end of the characters that you want included in the block. Note that WordPerfect highlights the text as you move the cursor.

Once you have the block highlighted, you generally press some key like the Move, Delete, or Print key. If you're highlighting a block of text and you want to abandon the block for any reason, press either the Block key or the Cancel key (F1).

If you move to the start of the block of text and press the Block key, you can take advantage of WordPerfect's speed blocking. This feature lets you block sections of text by pressing any character. WordPerfect then expands the block to the next occurrence of that character.

For example, to block a sentence, first move to the start of the sentence and press the Block key. Since almost all sentences end with a period, press the period key. WordPerfect expands the highlight to the end of the sentence. (If there were abbreviations in the sentence, WordPerfect would move to the period at the end of the abbreviation. Make sure that you've moved to the actual end of the sentence before proceeding.) To highlight another sentence, press the period again.

Since you press the Enter key at the end of paragraphs, pressing the Enter key highlights to the end of the paragraph. Similarly, you can highlight word-by-word by pressing the space bar to advance to the next word.

Hidden codes: [UND] and [und]

There are two ways to underline, depending on whether you're underlining as you type, or underlining text that's already typed.

Depending on the type of display equipment your computer has (and also on how you configure WordPerfect), you may or may not see underlined text. If you don't see underlined text, WordPerfect generally uses a different color to represent underlined text.

WordPerfect surrounds the underlined text with the start underline code [UND] and the end underline code [und]. To remove underlining, switch to reveal codes mode and delete either the [UND] or [und] hidden codes.

Hidden codes: [BOLD] and [bold]

In every respect, boldface works exactly the same as underlining, except you press the Bold key (F6) instead of the Underline key. The hidden codes for bold are [BOLD] to begin and [bold] to end. Delete either of these codes to remove bold. Bold displays in greater intensity on the screen or in a different color, depending on your particular computer hardware.

Hidden codes: [SUPRSCPT] and [suprscpt], [SUBSCPT] and [subscpt]

To type a character as a superscript or subscript, first type until you're ready to enter the superscripted or subscripted character. Then press the Font key (Control-F8). Select 1 Size and then 1 Superscript. Type the character or characters that should be in superscript. When finished, press Font (Control-F8) again, and select 3 Normal.

You can also select a block of text to superscript or subscript and then press the Font key (Control-F8). Superscripted and subscripted characters do not appear as such on the screen, may appear in different colors. Your printer's capabilities affect the appearance of superscripts and subscripts. Some printers can print the characters one-half line up or down, but many printers print the characters a whole line above or below. Test your printer to see how superscripts and subscripts look before using them in a critical application.

Hidden code: [Center]

There are two ways to center text, depending whether you're centering as you type, or centering existing text.

WordPerfect starts a centered line with the [Center] code. To undo centering, delete this code.

Centering is dynamic, meaning that if you later change the margins of your document, WordPerfect adjusts the position of the centered text so that it is always properly centered between the margins.

Hidden code: [Center Pg]

One very useful feature of WordPerfect is the ability to center a page of text from top to bottom. This is useful for short letters that occupy only part of the page.

To center a page, move the cursor to the top of the page that you want to center. Then press the Format key (Shift-F8). Press 2 Page. Press 1 Center Page (top to bottom). Press Y and then press F7 Exit to leave the Page Format menu and return to editing mode.

A centered page does not appear centered on the screen; the effect appears only when you print the page. WordPerfect indicates page centering with the hidden code [Center Pg]. Delete this code to "uncenter" the page.

Centering a page is dynamic, meaning that if you later delete or add text to the page, WordPerfect automatically adjusts so that the page is properly centered when printed.

Hidden Code: [Flsh Rgt]

Flush right text is useful for dates, such as

January 1, 1990

You create flush right text in two ways, depending on whether you're typing the text or aligning existing text.

WordPerfect starts the flush right lines with a [Flsh Rgt] code. To undo the flush right effect, delete this code.

Flush right is dynamic, meaning that if you later change the margins of your document, WordPerfect adjusts the position of the aligned text so that it is always at the right margin.

Hidden code: [L/R Mar:2",1.25"]

WordPerfect measures margins in inches. WordPerfect starts with left and right margins of one inch, meaning that WordPerfect leaves one inch of white space between the edge of the paper and the printing.

To change the margins, first move to the point where you'd like the new margins to take effect. This may be the very beginning of the document, or somewhere else. Then press the Format key (Shift-F8). Press 1 Line. Press 7 Margins. WordPerfect responds by showing the current margin settings. Type the left margin figure, press Enter, type the right margin figure, and press Enter.

When you change the margins, the new settings take effect from the place where you press the Format key. The effect extends throughout the remainder of the document, or until you change the margins again. If you want the margin setting to apply to the entire document, make sure you're at the beginning of the document when you press the Format key. If you were at the middle of your document when you press the Format key and change the margins, the remaining text would be at the new margins, but the text above the middle would be at the old margins.

WordPerfect uses a hidden code like [L/R Mar:2",1.25"] to show margin changes, in this case a left margin of 2" and right margin of 1.25". To change the margins again, position the cursor and press the Format key and type the new margins, or you can delete the margin set code. Deleting the margin set code sets the margins back to the previous margin value, or the default values of one inch on both sides if there are no previous margin set codes.

Hidden code: [T/B Mar:0.5",1"]

To adjust the top or bottom margins, move to the place where the new margins should take effect. This will normally be the top of the document. Press the Format key (Shift-F8), press 2 Page, and press 5 Margins. Type the new measurement, in inches.

The code for top and bottom margin settings looks like [T/B Mar:0.5",1"]. This code controls the top and bottom margins from the code on to the end of the document, unless you change the margins again.

WordPerfect starts out with tab stops set at every half-inch position. If you like these tab stops, you can use them by pressing the tab key. Pressing the tab key moves the cursor to the next tab stop. Tabs are represented by the hidden code [TAB].

When you press the tab key, WordPerfect moves the cursor to the next tab position. If you delete a tab hidden code, then WordPerfect deletes all the spaces that the tab represented. For example, you might type "45," press the tab key, and type "Blue." This typing might look like this, depending on how the tab stops are set:

45 Blue

In reveal codes mode, it looks like this:

45[TAB]Blue

If you deleted the [TAB] hidden code, you'd get this:

45Blue

Sometimes this causes confusion. Remember that the [TAB] code, which you introduce to the document by pressing the tab key, causes the next character to appear at the next tab stop. If you delete the [TAB] code, then this effect is gone, and you get the result shown above.

To set tab stops different from WordPerfect's defaults, move to the position where you'd like the new tab stops to take effect. This may be at the top of the document, or it might be just before a table you plan to type. Press the Format key (Shift-F8) and press 1 Line, and then press 8 Tab Set. WordPerfect displays a ruler and the current tab stops.

To set new tab stops, use the Right and Left arrow keys to position the cursor at the position to create a new tab stop at. Then press the tab key to place a new tab stop. You can also set tab stops by typing the column measurement and pressing Enter. These steps set regular, left-aligned tab stops, indicated by the character L on the tab ruler line.

To delete tab stops, position the cursor with the Right and Left arrow keys so that the cursor's at the tab stop to delete. Then press the delete key. You can delete all the tab stops from the cursor position to the end of the line by pressing the Delete End of Line key (Control-End). This is useful for clearing all the tab stops to set just the ones you want.

To use decimal tabs, position the cursor at the tab position and type D. A decimal tab stop is used for typing columns of numbers. WordPerfect will align the numbers with their decimal point at the tab stop column.

For a centered tab, position the cursor at the tab position and press C. With centered tabs, whatever you type will be centered around the tab stop column.

For a right justified tab, position the cursor at the tab position and press R. Whatever you type with a right justified tab will be right justified at the tab stop column.

For a right justified tab with a dot leader, position the cursor at the tab position and press . (the period). What you type with this type of tab will be right justified at the tab stop column, and the blank spaces before the tab will be filled with periods.

Examples of the tab stops:

Left Centered $1,234.50 Right Dot

Aligned Tab 342.00 Aligned Leaders

Tab Stop Example 12,000.00 Tab Stop Before

The hidden code that produced these tab settings looks like this:

You can set multiple tabs by pressing the Format key (Shift-F8), selecting 1 Line and 8 Tab Set, typing the starting position for the tab stops and then a repetition factor. For example, to sets tabs at every inch mark, type 1,1. This starts a tab at the 1" mark, and then sets a tab at every 1" afterwards. To restore WordPerfect's original tabs at every half-inch mark, type 0.5,.5. To set a tab at 1.5", and every 2" thereafter, type 1.5,2. You can always "fine-tune" these tabs by deleting a few with the delete key or setting others with the regular methods. Remember, though, that you'll probably want to delete all the existing tab stops by moving to position zero and pressing the Delete End of Line key (Control-End) before setting any other tabs.

Starting with version 5.1, WordPerfect has two types of tabs: relative and absolute. Absolute tab stops are measured from the left edge of the sheet of paper, while relative tabs are measured from the left margin. With relative tabs, a change in the left margin also shifts the tabs stops. Absolute tab stops don't change with changes in the left margin, which is the way tabs worked in versions prior to 5.1. The tab menu command T for Type lets you change the type of tabs you're setting.

In WordPerfect, the tabs are dynamic, meaning that if you don't like the layout of the columns, you can adjust the tab stops to new columns. Press the Reveal Codes key (Alternate-F3 or F11) and locate the tab stop hidden code. Position the cursor just after that code. Press the Format key (Shift-F8), press 1 Line and 8 Tab Set. WordPerfect will display the current tab settings, and you can delete any tab stop and enter it again to reposition it. You can also move to a tab stop and hold the Control key while pressing the right or left arrow keys. This action will move the tab stop to the left or right, and at the same time, WordPerfect will move the text to the position of the new tab. With this method, you can visually align the columns.

After setting the new tab stops, you may want to delete the old tab stop hidden code, although this is not absolutely necessary. What would happen if you deleted the old tab code before using the Format key to set the revised tabs? In this case, WordPerfect would initially display the tabs for the next previous tab settings code, or the default tabs (every half-inch) if no previous tab settings codes exist. But by leaving the old tab code in the document, those tabs will display on the tab settings ruler, and it's easy to make just the revisions you need, rather than resetting all the tabs.

Hidden Code: [HPg]

Normally WordPerfect decides which lines of text should go on which pages, attempting to make each page as full as possible. There may be times, however, when you want the next line of text to start at the top of the next page, regardless of how many lines appear on the current page. This situation requires a hard page break, which you enter by pressing the Hard Page key (Control-Enter).

WordPerfect inserts the hidden code [HPg] to designate a hard page break. To undo the effect of the hard page, delete this code. WordPerfect shows a hard page break as a line of equal signs to distinguish them from the soft page breaks, which are shown as a line of dashes.

Hidden code: [Paper Sz/Typ:11" x 8.5",Standard]

To adjust the page size, move to where the new page size should take effect. Normally, this will be at the top of the document. Then, press the Format key (Shift-F8) and press 2 Page. Press 7 Paper Size. From the list of paper sizes that appears, select your paper size by highlighting it and pressing 1 Select.

Hidden code: [AdvDn:1.5"]

WordPerfect lets you advance the paper to a particular line by pressing the Format key (Shift-F8), pressing 4 Other and then 1 Advance. After selecting Advance, you can select to advance in a number of directions. Two common choices are 2 Down and 6 Position.

In either case, WordPerfect asks for the amount to advance. When you select 2 Down, the printer moves down the number of inches you enter, starting at the current position. When you select 6 Position, WordPerfect moves to the position you enter, starting from the top of the page. When you use this command, the appearance of the text on the screen doesn't change, but the position counter at the bottom right of the screen changes as it always does to show the current line.

This command is very useful when you print letters on stationary with a letterhead. In this case, you need to leave many blank lines at the top of the first page of the letter to account for the letterhead. But you print the second and subsequent pages on regular paper, so you'd like the standard one inch top margin for those pages. One solution, of course, is to set the top margin for the first page, and set it again for the second page. This is a lot of work and requires knowledge of where the second page of the letter begins. (Remember, the page breaks will change with editing.)

The best solution is to use the advance down command for the first page. For example, if your letterhead requires a top margin of three inches, advance down two inches at the top of page one, or advance to line three inches. This command affects just the current page, so there's no need to adjust the margin for page two and following pages—they'll have the regular top margin.

With WordPerfect 5.1, you can access nearly all the fonts that your printer can use, and you can use them accurately.

The first feature that controls the fonts in your documents is the Base Font command from the Font (Control-F8) key. This command places a code in your document that instructs WordPerfect to start using a specific font. The document prints with that font until the end of the document, or until a second base font code starts using a different font. Use this method when you want to establish the basic font that your document uses.

To use this feature, position the cursor at the point where you want to start using a new font. Press Font (Control-F8) and select 4 Base Font. Move the cursor to the font that you want to use and select 1 Select.

The fonts that appear when you select the Base Font command depend on the printer that WordPerfect is installed for. It also depends on the font cartridges you might have installed, or the soft fonts available. If your printer is installed correctly, you should be able to use all the fonts listed.

WordPerfect uses two types of measurements for font size, depending on the type of font. One type of font that WordPerfect uses is a fixed-pitch or monospaced font. In this type of font, each character is a fixed width as measured by the font's pitch. In a 10 pitch font (also called 10 cpi), each character is 1/10" wide. In a 12 pitch font, each character is 1/12" wide. For these fonts, WordPerfect usually measures the size in pitch or cpi. Common examples of fixed-pitch fonts include most types of daisywheel and dot-matrix printing, and the Courier font found on most laser printers.

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 20 w's in a monospaced font (Courier 11 pt)

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 20 w's in a proportional font (Times Roman 11pt)

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 20 i's in a monospaced font

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 20 i's in a proportional font

The second type of font that WordPerfect might use is a proportionally-spaced font. In this type of font, each character has its own unique width assigned to it. In one example, a font was able to fit only seven w characters in one inch, but 21 i characters fit in the same space. Because each character has its own width, it's not possible to measure the size of the font in pitch or characters per inch. Instead, WordPerfect measures the height of the characters, because the capital letters are all the same height.

WordPerfect measures the height or size of the font in points, a unit of measurement common to typesetters and graphic artists. There are 72 points in one inch. Here's several samples of different fonts and sizes:

You can see that as a font becomes taller, it also becomes wider. Thus, 10 point Times Roman fits more characters on a line than 12 point Times Roman.

The effect of font changes depends on your printer's capabilities. You can print the file printer.tst (located on the learning disk) to get a demonstration of your printer's features and how they interact with WordPerfect. Also, remember that WordPerfect must be installed for your particular printer (see the installation chapter of the WordPerfect manual for details). Printing problems are often traced to not having your software installed for the printer you are using.

1 Size; 2 Appearance; 3 Normal; 4 Base Font; 5 Print Color: 0

Hidden codes: [Font:Times Roman 12pt]

The first feature that controls the fonts in your documents is the Base Font command from the Font (Control-F8) key. This command places a code in your document that instructs WordPerfect to start using a specific font. The document prints with that font until the end of the document, or until a second base font code starts using a different font. Use this method when you want to establish the basic font that your document uses.

To use this feature, position the cursor at the point where you want to start using a new font. Press Font (Control-F8) and select 4 Base Font. Move the cursor to the font that you want to use and select 1 Select. If you're using a printer that uses non-scalable fonts, this is all you have to do. When using a printer that uses scalable fonts, such as a Postscript printer, or the Hewlett-Packard Laserjet Series III, you'll need to enter the point size.

The fonts that appear when you select the Base Font command depend on the printer that WordPerfect is installed for. It also depends on the font cartridges you might have installed, or the soft fonts available. If your printer is installed correctly, you should be able to use all the fonts listed.

1 Select; N Name search: 1

This table shows two different base font screens. The left column is for a Hewlett-Packard Laserjet printer using downloadable soft fonts. The right column is for a Postscript laser printer. You can see that the Hewlett-Packard fonts are available in discrete sizes. The Postscript screen doesn't list sizes, because the Postscript printer (and some others) can create fonts in any size. After selecting a font for the Postscript printer, WordPerfect presents the prompt Point Size: 12, and you'll need to type the size you want to use.

By blocking a section of the document, you can change some of the font attributes for the block. The steps are to block the text, then press the Font (Control-F8) key. You'll see this menu:

Attribute: 1 Size 2 Appearance

1 Suprscpt; 2 Subscpt; 3 Fine; 4 Small; 5 Large; 6 Vry Large; 7 Ext Large: 0

1 Bold 2 Undln 3 Dbl Und 4 Italc 5 Outln 6 Shadw 7 Sm Cap 8 Redln 9 Stkout: 0

When you make these changes, you affect only the blocked text. The block becomes surrounded by hidden codes that describe the change. For example, when making text large, WordPerfect surrounds the text with [LARGE] and [large] codes. Delete these codes to restore the text to normal.

When blocking the text, you can change the size and appearance of text, but not the typestyle used. You can't, for example, change from Times Roman to Helvetica. Use the Base Font command instead.

Remember that WordPerfect will let you designate text as any size you want, even though your printer may have only a limited range of sizes available. Run a test to see what sizes you have available.

WordPerfect has the capability to create special characters that your printer can't normally create. For example, you'll be able to create characters like ¢, ©, and _.

The method for creating these characters is to look at a WordPerfect character map, which looks like this:

This prints all characters in Character Map 4

0 1 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

000 • m n · « ¶ § ¡ ¿ « » £ ¥ _ ¦ ª º ½ ¼ ¢ ² _ ® © ¤ ¾ ³ ‘ ’ ‘

030 " " " – — ‹ › ¡ ¨ † ‡ Ô _ _ l ° n § ¨ ¨ ­ _ _ _ _ _ ¼ $ _ _

060 _ £ , „ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ‰ _ _ ¹ _ _ _ _ _ _

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2

This shows character set number four. The copyright symbol is character number 23 in this character set. So, to create a copyright symbol, first press the compose key (Control-2), type the character set number, type a comma, type the character number, and finally press Enter. In this example, press Control-2, then type 4,23 and press Enter. While you're typing the character set numbers, you'll not see anything on the screen, which is sometimes confusing.

WordPerfect is unable to show many of these special characters on the editing screen. They will print on most printers, and will show correctly on the print preview screen. In reveal codes mode, the special character will look like it does on the editing screen, unless you move the cursor to the code. Then, the character will look like this: [n :4,23]. WordPerfect expands the character to identify the character set number and the character number.

Hidden codes: [Pg Numbering:Bottom Center]

WordPerfect can automatically number pages. Page numbers don't appear in the text on the normal editing screen, but appear when printed.

To use page numbering, position the cursor at where the page numbering should start. This may be the very beginning of a document, or perhaps at the start of the second page if your document has a title page that you don't want numbered. Then press the Format key (Shift-F8). Press 2 for Page Formats, then 6 Page Numbering. Select 4 Page Number Position, and from the list that appears, select where you want the page numbers to appear. Then press Exit (F7) to exit the Page Format menu.

You can have WordPerfect start page numbering with any number. This is useful when you have two separate documents, and you want the second document to look like it was printed along with the first document. In this case, print the first document, and set the starting page number for the second document to one greater than the last page number of the first document.

This is also useful when you have a title page that isn't numbered. You want the second page of the document to print with the number one, so start a new page number at the top of the second page.

To make page numbering start with any number, position the cursor to where the renumbering should take effect. Normally this will be the beginning of the document. Then press the Format key (Shift-F8), press 2 Page, then 6 Page Numbering, then 1 New Page Number. Type the new page number and press Enter. Selection 2 Page Number Style, lets you choose different numbering styles.

If you type ^B (Control-B) anywhere in your document, WordPerfect will replace it with the current page number when printed.

Hidden Code: [W/O On], [W/O Off]

Widows and orphans are single lines of paragraphs appearing by themselves on a page, with the remainder of the paragraph on another page. WordPerfect can guard against this condition automatically.

To guard against widows and orphans, position the cursor at the location where the protection should begin. Normally, this will be the beginning of the document. Then press the Format key (Shift-F8), and press 1 Line, and press 9 Widow/Orphan Protection. Type Y to turn protection on, and press the Exit key (F7) to leave the menu. You can also turn the protection off in this way.

When using widow and orphan protection, WordPerfect makes pages shorter to avoid the widows and orphans. (WordPerfect won't make a page longer than normal, or it might run past the end of the paper.) Thus, some pages may not be as full as others, although no page will be more than a few lines short.

Hidden code: [Ln Spacing:2]

Normally, WordPerfect prints documents single spaced. At any time, you can change to double or triple spacing by positioning the cursor to where you want the new line spacing to take effect. Press the Line key (Shift-F8), press 1 Line, and press 6 Line Spacing. Type the new line spacing—1 for single spacing, 2 for double spacing, and so forth. You can enter values like 1.5 for line-and-a-half spacing if your printer supports that feature.

WordPerfect represents a line spacing change with a hidden code like [Ln Spacing:2]. WordPerfect also displays line spacing on the screen. Since the computer screen can't display half-line spacing, 1.5 line spacing shows as double spacing.

If you want to double space a single paragraph, set the line spacing to 2 at the start of the paragraph. At the end of the paragraph, set the line spacing back to 1, or the remainder of the document will be double spaced.

WordPerfect also contains the similar but different Line Height command.

Hidden codes: [->Indent] and [->Indent<-]

WordPerfect offers two types of indents: the left indent, and the left and right indent. Both types of indents operate on an entire paragraph.

The Left Indent key (F4) indents the left margin one tab stop. If the left margin is 1", and the next tab stop is at 1.5", then the paragraph is indented .5". The Left and Right Indent key (Shift-F4) indents the left margin in the same way, and indents the right margin an equal amount.

You indent in two ways, depending on whether you're indenting as you type, or indenting existing text.

The key is that WordPerfect starts indenting at the position of the cursor when you press one of the indent keys, and continues the indentation to the next occurrence of the Enter key. At that time, WordPerfect releases the indents, and you'll have to repeat the process if you want to indent the next paragraph.

WordPerfect denotes indentation by the hidden codes [->Indent] for left indenting, and [->Indent<-] for left and right indenting.

You change the degree of indentation by adjusting the tab stops. With WordPerfect's default margin and tab values, you'll get an indent of one-half inch on the left and the right.

Hidden codes: [® Indent] and [¬ Mar Rel]

The Margin Release key temporarily releases the left margin to the previous tab stop.

Justification: 1 Left; 2 Center; 3 Right; 4 Full: 0

Hidden codes: [Just:Left] [Just:Center] [Just:Right] [Just:Full]

(This paragraph is full justified.) You can choose to have WordPerfect justify the right margin so that the right margin is perfectly even. You can also have WordPerfect leave the right margin ragged. This paragraph uses a justified right margin. At first, you may like the effect, but with many printers, the only way WordPerfect has to justify the margin is to add extra spaces between words. Often this effect is quite objectionable, and many people prefer the ragged right margins. Some printers, particularly laser printers, have a feature called microspace justification. With this feature, WordPerfect instructs the printer to insert fractions of spaces between words, so the line is justified without the objectional whole spaces between words.

(This paragraph is right justified.) Remember, a letter that's justified gives away the fact that the letter was prepared on a computer, perhaps giving the impression of a mass-prepared junk mailing. It may be better at times to give the appearance of a hand-typed letter.

(This paragraph is center justified.) WordPerfect starts with the right margin justified. To turn justification off, position the cursor at the place to turn justification off. Press the Format key (Shift-F8). Press 1 Line Formats. Press 3 Justification. Type either 1 Left, 2 Center, 3 Right, or 4 Full justification.

(Back to left justification for the rest of the document.) To turn justification back on, position the cursor to where the justification should start. Repeat the above procedure, but use a different justification style.

When justification is on, WordPerfect does not display the lines justified on the editing screen. WordPerfect does display the line breaks correctly, meaning that the screen reflects which words will print on each line. Print Preview does, however, show justification.

WordPerfect contains a special place for placing hidden codes that appear at the top of the document, called Initial Codes. By placing codes in the initial codes area, you can avoid the jumble of codes that often appear at the top of many documents. In addition, you avoid many problems that can happen if you retrieve your document into a different copy of WordPerfect that had different default settings.

To use this feature, press Format (Shift-F8) and select 3 - Document, then select 2 - Initial Codes. You'll see a screen in reveal codes mode. Now, issue the formatting commands you need just as you would in any other situation. When finished, Press Exit (F7) as indicated at the bottom of the screen.

The codes entered in this fashion do not appear at the top of the document when in reveal codes mode. To edit or remove hidden codes entered to this area, go through this process again, and you'll have access to the codes.

Codes that you might include in the initial codes include Paper Size/Type, Top/Bottom Margin, Page Numbering, Widow/Orphan Protection, Left/Right Margin, Justification, Tab Set, Line Spacing, and others. Headers and footers don't work in the initial codes area.

Much of the time, it doesn't matter in which order you place hidden codes. The position of the codes is important, of course, because the effect of a code starts at the position of the code—most of the time. For example, consider the Top/Bottom Margin code. This code must appear at the top of the page before any "text" character such as a character, space, hard return, or tab. If the code appears after even one character, the effect of the code (the new top margin) won't appear until the next page.

Codes similar to Top/Bottom Margin that must appear before any character on the page include Paper Size/Type, Center Page, Top/Bottom Margin, Force Odd/Even Page, Header/Footer, Page Numbering, New Page Number, and Suppress (Page numbering, Header/Footer, etc.). Generally, these codes will appear after a Hard Page code. If they appear after a soft page code, you may run into problems, as the position of a soft page break is subject to change as the document changes.

Codes that need to appear at the very beginning of a line include Left/Right Margin, Tab Set, Line Spacing, and Justification. Generally, these codes will appear after a Hard Return code for reasons similar to the top-of-page codes.

By using the Setup key (Shift-F1), you can permanently change many of WordPerfect's initial settings. For example, you can permanently change the screen colors, margins, page size, initial font, and many other things.

To change WordPerfect's initial margin and other formatting defaults, follow these steps: Press Setup (Shift-F1) and select 4 Initial Settings. Then select 5 Initial Codes. Proceed to issue any formatting commands as you normally do, such as pressing Format (Shift-F8) to change the margins. When finished, press F7 (Exit).

The changes that you make to these initial settings apply only to documents created from after you make the changes. Existing documents are not changed. The settings are permanent until you change them again. Common codes to change in this manner include justification (make it left instead of full) and turning widow and orphan protection on.

When you change the initial codes settings, all new documents created from that time on will have these codes. However, you will not see these codes at the beginning of each document, even while in reveal codes mode. To view these codes, press the Format key (Shift-f7), select 3 Document, and select 2 Initial Codes. Now, you will see the codes that WordPerfect placed in the document due to the initial codes setting. You may delete these codes, or add new codes as necessary.

Moving text (and the closely related copying of text) is an important skill. There are two ways to move text, depending on whether you want to move a section of text like a sentence, paragraph, or page, or whether you want to move a block of text that you define. Either way, WordPerfect deletes the moved text and places it in a special buffer. Then, you move to where you want to place the text, and move it from the buffer to the document.

Here are the two ways to move text.

1 Move; 2 Copy; 3 Delete; 4 Append: 0

For either of the two methods, the next step is the same. Position the cursor to the place where you want the text to appear. Press Enter to insert the text in front of the cursor position. At this time, WordPerfect takes the text from the buffer and places it on the screen.

Note that WordPerfect inserts the text from the buffer, meaning that it moves text below the cursor to make room for the incoming text.

There are some subtleties to moving that, if observed, can make moving easier. The most important point is not including the blank line after a paragraph (caused by two presses of the Enter key) as part of the block to move. Not accounting for these blank lines results in incorrect line spacing that you'll have to correct.

The best way to move a complete paragraph by blocking it is to first position the cursor at the first character in the paragraph. For this paragraph, that would be the T in the word The on the first line. Then, turn block on and highlight so that the cursor is at the first character of the next paragraph. (The easiest way to do this is to press the Enter key twice.) For this paragraph, that would be the I in the word If on the first line of the next paragraph. Then press the Move key and proceed as above, selecting 1 Block, and then 1 Move. Now to move the text, place the cursor at the first character of the paragraph in which the moved paragraph should be in front of. Then press the Enter key.

If you follow this method of careful blocking, you won't have to go back and delete or insert new lines. When you move a paragraph without block mode on, WordPerfect follows this method.

Copying text is much the same as moving text, except that you respond to the menus so that you Copy rather than Cut. By selecting to copy, you leave the original text undisturbed, and place a copy of the text in the buffer, Then you proceed in the same way as in moving.

The remarks about careful blocking so as to avoid line spacing problems apply to copy as well as move.

If you need to make several copies of text, follow these steps: First, copy the text as usual and press Enter to make one copy of it. Then, move the cursor to where the next copy should appear. Press Retrieve (Shift-F10), and then press Enter. You can retrieve the contents of the buffer as many times as you wish in this manner.

You can use WordPerfect's Search feature to locate text or codes quickly. You can search in a forward or reverse direction.

To use Search, first position the cursor at the place where the search is to start. Normally, this will be the beginning or end of the document. Then press either the Forward Search key (F2) or the Reverse Search key (Shift-F2). WordPerfect prompts you for the text or codes to search for. Type the text or press the keys that generate the codes that you want to search for. Then, press the F2 key again (not the Enter key) to begin the search. WordPerfect either locates the text or codes or displays the message Not Found.

To repeat the same search, just press either Forward or Reverse Search key twice.

Search also finds hidden codes. For example, to find a margin change, press the Search key (F2) as regular. Then, since margin changes are made through the Format key (Shift-F8), press that key. From the menu that appears, select 1 Line, then select 6 to search for the margin change code. WordPerfect doesn't let you search for a specific margin change, such a change to margins of 1.2" and 2", but just for a margin change in general. This holds true for other hidden code searches, too.

WordPerfect places the cursor directly after the found text or code, so in some cases you can delete what you searched for with one keystroke. If you searched for a word, for example, and you want to delete that word once it's found, press the Delete Word key (Control-Backspace). It's not necessary to move the cursor. Similarly, if you searched for a hidden code, press the Backspace key to delete the code. Again, it's not necessary to move the cursor—in fact, if you do move it after finding a hidden code, you won't be in position to delete the code. After pressing the Backspace key, WordPerfect will respond with a prompt asking if you really want to delete the code, providing confirmation that you're deleting the code you searched for. Press Y in response to the confirmation question to delete the code.

Entering a search string in uppercase letters matches only uppercase text, while entering the string in lowercase matches both upper and lower case text. For example, typing THE as the search string finds only THE but entering the finds the, THE, The, and other combinations.

Entering ^x as a search target finds any character except a hidden code. For example, entering t^xh finds the, tie and any other sequence of a t, another character, and an i. Enter ^x to the search string by typing Control-v Control-x.

Pressing the Home key before the Search key extends the scope of the search to include headers, footers, footnotes, and endnotes. Otherwise, the search does not include them.

The Replace feature of WordPerfect lets you search for text or codes and make a replacement with some other text or codes. To use Replace, you first tell WordPerfect what text or codes to search for, then you tell WordPerfect what to replace with.

To use Replace, first position the cursor where the replacements should start. Normally this will be the beginning of the document, as Replace works going forward only. Then press the Replace key (Alternate-F2).

WordPerfect first asks whether you want to confirm each possible replacement, or have WordPerfect make the replacements automatically. It's a good idea to press Y and confirm the replacements until you become familiar with the Replace command. Otherwise, press N for automatic replacements.

Now type the text or codes that you want to replace with something else and press the F2 key. This step is the same as for the Search command.

Now type the new text or codes. Press the F2 key when finished. (To simply delete the old text or codes, just press the F2 key without typing any replacement text. You'll be replacing something with nothing, which has the effect of deleting something.)

If you typed Y to force WordPerfect to confirm possible replacements, WordPerfect will stop each time it finds the text and ask you whether to replace this text. Type Y or N as appropriate. If you selected without confirmation, WordPerfect will make all the replacements automatically. WordPerfect may display Not Found if it doesn't find any occurrences of the old text or codes.

If you highlight a block of text before pressing the Replace key, WordPerfect makes replacements only within the highlighted block.

If you're replacing a whole word like the, then you have to use caution, as if you enter just the for the old text to replace, then WordPerfect will attempt to replace the characters the in words like their, mother, feather, and so forth. This, of course, can lead to disastrous results. One way to search for a whole word is to enter " the " (note the spaces) for the text to search for, but this is not always satisfactory, as a word may be the last word in a sentence, in which case this method will not find it. The safest course is to answer Y and have WordPerfect ask for confirmation before making replacements.

Searching for capitalization patterns is the same as with the Search key. The replacement will be capitalized if the existing text to be replaced was.

Pressing the Home key before the Replace key extends the scope of the search to include headers, footers, footnotes, and endnotes. Otherwise, the replace does not include them.

10-05-90 09:13p Directory C:\DATA\*.*

Document size: 193,938 Free: 18,186,240 Used: 1,141,382 Files: 35

. Current <Dir> │ .. Parent <Dir>

ADDRESS1.SEC 3,134 10-29-90 11:16p │ BUDGET1 .PIC 2,141 07-06-88 12:18a

BUDGET1 .WK1 3,184 09-15-88 05:57a │ CONEX .WP 12,950 11-08-89 02:32p

DL1 .PRI 1,034 10-29-90 11:16p │ DL2 .PRI 1,135 10-29-90 11:17p

DLLIST1 .SEC 932 10-29-90 11:17p │ DLLIST2 .SEC 933 10-29-90 11:17p

LABEL1 .PRI 1,109 07-24-89 10:02p │ LETTER1 .WP 2,575 10-29-90 11:17p

LETTER2 .WP 2,511 10-29-90 11:17p │ LIST1 .PRI 566 10-23-89 07:52p

MACROEX1.WP 12,345 11-08-89 11:57a │ MATH1 .WP 2,971 10-29-90 11:18p

MEMO .PRI 1,530 09-15-88 05:09a │ MERGING .WP 14,518 09-15-88 05:03a

OUTLINE .WP 4,012 09-15-88 06:22a │ PEOPLE .SEC 16,353 10-29-90 11:18p

SCRIPT .WP 4,702 09-15-88 05:21a │ SPELL .WP 1,926 11-07-90 11:00p

STUDENTS.SEC 1,591 10-29-90 11:18p │ TABLE1 .WP 2,042 07-02-90 02:39p

TABS .WP 10,262 11-08-89 11:57a │ USACON .WP 45,973 10-29-90 11:19p

VIEW1 .WPG 10,814 12-05-90 04:28p │ WP50-1 .WP 142,227 07-02-90 11:49a

WP50-2 .WP 147,041 07-02-90 11:50a │ WP50-T .WP 18,323 04-02-90 04:33p

WP51-1 .TIF 102,656 05-09-90 04:39p │ WP51-1 .WP 193,937 12-05-90 09:10p

WP51-2 .STY 2,263 10-31-90 09:15p │ WP51-2 .TIF 123,179 05-09-90 04:41p

WP51-2 .WP 236,128 12-05-90 03:09p │ WP51L1EX.WP 13,603 10-31-90 05:03p

WPERF .STY 782 11-13-89 03:52p

1 Retrieve; 2 Delete; 3 Move/Rename; 4 Print; 5 Short/Long Display;

6 Look; 7 Other Directory; 8 Copy; 9 Find; N Name Search: 6

One of WordPerfect's most useful features is the List key (F5). This key displays a list of files and lets you perform many actions. It also is the key used to change the default disk drive.

To use the List Files feature, press the List key (F5). WordPerfect asks which drive and directory to display files for. There are three actions you can take here:

WordPerfect now displays an alphabetized list of files. For each file, WordPerfect lists its name and extension, its size in bytes, and the date and time it was last saved. At the bottom of the screen is a menu listing the available actions. To leave the List Files display without performing any of the actions, press the Cancel key (F1) or the Exit key (F7).

To do anything to a file, you must first move the highlighted bar to the file of interest. There are two ways to move the highlighted bar. You can use the Up, Down, Left, and Right arrow keys, as well as Page Up and Page Down to move to the top or bottom of the screen and then the next or previous screen, and Home-Home-Up and Home-Home-Down to move to the top or bottom of the listing. Or, you can use the name search mode by pressing N for Name Search. With this method, you press a letter key, and WordPerfect moves the highlight to the first file starting with that letter. If you type additional letters, WordPerfect looks for the next file starting with the first two letters you typed. Once you start name search mode, you must exit name search mode by pressing Enter, space, or one of the arrow keys. At that time, the menus reappear, and you can either make a menu selection or use the arrow keys to fine tune the position of the highlighted bar.

1 Retrieve; 2 Delete; 3 Move/Rename; 4 Print; 5 Short/Long Display;

6 Look; 7 Other Directory; 8 Copy; 9 Find; N Name Search: 6

Once the correct file is highlighted, make a selection from the menu, and WordPerfect performs that action on the file. Here's a list of the possible actions:

1 Retrieve—Retrieves the file for editing. Remember, WordPerfect will insert the incoming file in front of whatever is on the editing screen, so you'll probably want to clear the editing screen before retrieving another file.

2 Delete—Deletes the highlighted file. WordPerfect asks for confirmation before erasing, so answer Y or N as appropriate.

3 Rename—Lets you rename the file. WordPerfect will ask for the new name.

4 Print—Starts printing the entire document, or adds it to the print queue if WordPerfect is already printing a document. After pressing 4, press Enter to print the entire document, or specify a range of pages to print. You can select to print any number of files, one after the other. If you accidentally print a file, leave the List Files screen and move to the printer control menu (Shift-F7 and then 4) to cancel the print job.

5 Short/Long Display—Determines whether WordPerfect will display the normal short DOS file names (shown above), or its optional long document names.

6 Look—This key displays the file on a special viewing screen. It does not retrieve the file, but merely displays it for a quick look. Once displayed, you can use the Page Down and Down arrow keys to scroll downward through the file. Any other key exits the look display and returns to List Files. This method is useful for taking a quick look at a document to see if it's the one you want to retrieve.

The default choice for the List Files menu is choice 6 Look. Therefore, pressing Enter from this menu looks at a file.

7 Change Directory—Lets you change directories. This option changes the current directory. If the highlight is on a directory name when you use this command, WordPerfect proposes that directory to change to. Press Enter to accept the proposed response, or type another directory name and press Enter.

8 Copy—Copies the highlighted file. WordPerfect asks for the target drive and directory, then makes the copy. If the file exists on the destination, WordPerfect asks for confirmation before overwriting the file.

9 Find—Asks for a word or phrase, and searches all the files for the word or phrase. After the search is complete, the List Files display contains only the files that contain the word or phrase. You may then perform any other action on the files. When typing the word or phrase, use a question mark to stand for any single character or an asterisk to stand for any number of any characters (these work the same way as the question mark and asterisk in DOS file names).

To leave the List Files display, use menu item 0 or press the Cancel (F1) or Exit (F7) keys.

You can print the list of files by pressing the Print key (Shift-F7). To perform an action on a group of files, such as deleting or copying, move to each file and type an asterisk. Once all the files are marked with the asterisk, type the number of the command to perform, such as 8 to copy. The Mark Text key (Alternate-F5) marks (or unmarks) all the files.

WordPerfect can work with two documents in memory at once, called Document 1 and Document 2. With the two documents in memory, you can switch between them quickly, and copy or move text from one to the other.

Normally, WordPerfect works with Document 1. To switch to Document 2, press the Switch key (Shift-F3). Now WordPerfect is working with Document 2, as indicated on the status line at the bottom of the screen. You can now type a new document or use the List Files or Retrieve keys to retrieve an existing document from the disk. To switch between Document 1 and Document 2, press the Switch key.

If two documents are active and you use the Exit key (F7), WordPerfect will ask if you want to exit the document area you're working within. For example, if you use the Exit key from Document 2, WordPerfect will (after asking whether to save the document) ask "Exit Doc 2?" If you answer N, you remain in Document 2, but it's cleared. If you answer Y, WordPerfect returns to Document 1. This means that if you're working with two documents, you'll have to use the Exit key twice before finally exiting WordPerfect altogether.

When working with two documents, you can select to view each document with the full screen, or split the screen into windows so that you can see each document. To split the screen into windows, press the Screen key (Control-F3). Press 1 for Window. WordPerfect asks how many lines should be in this window. You can type a number, or use the Up and Down arrow keys to move the highlighted bar which separates the windows. After typing the number of lines or positioning the highlighted bar, press Enter to conclude the command. To get rid of the split screen, repeat the same procedure but enter 24 as the number of lines in this window.

When working with a split screen, press the Switch key (Shift-F3) to move between the two windows.

When working with two documents, you can copy or move material between the two documents with the regular move and copy techniques. Just press the Switch key (Shift-F3) to move to the other document before retrieving the material with the Enter key.

Check: 1 Word; 2 Page; 3 Document; 4 New Sup. Dictionary; 5 Look Up; 6 Count: 0

One very useful feature of WordPerfect is a very good spell checker. You can use the spell checker at any time.

Start by retrieving the document you want to check. Press the Spell key (Control-F2).

WordPerfect displays the Spell Check menu. You can press 1, which verifies the spelling for the word that the cursor was on when you pressed the Spell key, you can press 2, which verifies the spelling for the entire page that the cursor was on when you pressed the Spell key, or you can press 3 to verify the entire document.

When performing a spell check, WordPerfect takes each word and attempts to locate it in its dictionary. The message Please Wait appears while WordPerfect is looking. When WordPerfect comes across a word that it can't locate in its dictionaries, WordPerfect stops and displays the Not Found menu.

From the Not Found menu, you have these options:

WordPerfect first generates a list of possible replacements words, displayed at the bottom half of the screen. These words are lettered from A through Z. If the word you need is in this list, press the letter for the word you want. At this time, WordPerfect replaces the not found word with the word you selected.

Whenever WordPerfect replaces a word, it adjusts the capitalization to match the replaced word. In some versions of WordPerfect an alternate word may appear several times. That's because WordPerfect uses several methods to select alternate words, and a word may be matched under more than one method.

1 Skip once—Select this option when the word that WordPerfect highlights as not found is actually spelled correctly. Not every word is in the dictionary, and certainly many names are not.

2 Skip—This option is like Skip Once, but instructs WordPerfect to skip the word if it appears again in the document. Usually you'll want to select Skip rather than Skip Once.

3 Add Word—Select this option to add the highlighted word to WordPerfect's supplementary dictionary. The next time WordPerfect comes across this word, it will be in a dictionary, so WordPerfect won't stop for it any more.

You can add a great many words to WordPerfect's supplementary dictionary. You'll want to add words like the name of your company, your name, and words peculiar to your profession. Make sure that the word is spelled correctly before you add it to the dictionary. Your first spell checks will be slow until you build up the supplementary dictionary with these words.

4 Edit—This options lets you correct the word manually, using the delete key and insert or typeover functions as with regular editing. Press the Exit key (F7) when you're finished correcting.

5 Look Up—Use this option to generate a list of possible replacement words. When you press 4, WordPerfect asks for a word pattern. You can enter something like re*, which matches all words starting with the characters re. The words that WordPerfect finds are lettered from A through Z, so press the letter of the word that you want. WordPerfect replaces the word in the document with the word that you selected.

When WordPerfect completes the spell check, replace the Speller disk with your document disk if you're using a floppy diskette system. You can cancel the spell check by pressing the Cancel key (F1).

Other items on the spell check menu are Look Up, which lets you look up words in the dictionary, and Count, which counts the words in the document without performing spell checking.

To spell check a portion of the document, block the text to spell check, then press the Spell key.

While performing a spell check, WordPerfect also checks for double words, a common typographical error. When WordPerfect finds a double word occurrence, you have these options:

2 Skip—This option skips the double words without doing anything.

3 Delete 2nd—This option deletes the second occurrence of the doubled words.

4 Edit—This option lets you edit the line containing the double words. After making the correction, press the Exit (F7) key to complete the edit and resume the spell check.

5 Disable double word checking—Instructs WordPerfect to ignore double words for the remainder of this spelling check.

Many error conditions in WordPerfect arise from pressing the wrong function key, a common event considering WordPerfect's heavy use of the function keys. Here's some guidelines for correcting errors like these.

Examples

Notice that the most frequent response is to press the Cancel key (F1). The exception is those keys like underline, bold, indent, and tab, which place a code into the document directly. In these cases, press backspace to remove the code, responding with Y to the deletion confirmation question if it appears.

Again, remember that if you press a key, WordPerfect performs the action that the key is designed to perform. It doesn't matter that you struck the key inadvertently, the action still happens. Realize your mistakes and take steps to correct them.

A computer has two types of storage or memory: RAM memory and disk drives. RAM memory is not permanent—it's just a temporary workspace, while disk drives provide permanent, long-term storage. WordPerfect, like many programs, stores documents in RAM memory while working with them on your screen. No information is saved permanently to disk until you issue the save command. Thus, when you type a document into WordPerfect, that information is stored in RAM only, and if you want a permanent copy of the document, you'll have to save it. Also, if you retrieve a previously entered document and make changes to it, those changes are reflected only in the working copy held in RAM. To save the changes, save the document again.

I retrieved a document and found that it contained parts of another document. What happened?

This problem arises from not clearing the editing workspace before retrieving a document from disk.

This problem can arise from this situation: You work with a document and save it. Then you want to work with a document on the disk, so you retrieve it, by using either the Retrieve Key or List Files Key. What WordPerfect did was to insert the retrieved document into the document you were working with, so now the two documents are merged into one.

The key to avoiding this problem is to clear the editing workspace before retrieving another document. Clear the editing workspace by pressing the Exit (F7) key and answering Y or N to the Save Document? question depending on whether you want to save the document. When WordPerfect asks Exit WP? answer N and WordPerfect will respond with a clear editing screen. Then retrieve the new document.

To correct this situation, retrieve the document that contains parts of another, and use the Block key (Alternate-F4) to highlight the text you need to get rid of. Once highlighted, press the Delete key to remove it.

I thought I changed the margins in my document, but the margin change didn't work for part of the document.

WordPerfect implements almost all types of formatting changes through the use of hidden codes. For example, when you change the margins through the Format (Shift-F8) key, WordPerfect places a margin change code in the document.

The key to understanding the problem is to know that the effect of the hidden code (the margin change in this case) starts at the position of the hidden code, and that WordPerfect places the margin code at the position of the cursor when you issued the margin change command. Therefore, to change the margins for the entire document, place the cursor at the very top of the document before pressing the Format key. The easiest way to move to the top of the document is with Home-Home-Up arrow.

Problems with margins and other settings can arise from the second property of most hidden codes: their effect starts at their position and continues throughout the rest of the document, or until a similar hidden code overrides it. For example, suppose there's a margin change code on line three of page one that sets the margins to 1.2" and 2". Then, you move to the top of the document (with Home-Home-Up arrow) and change the margins to 1" and 1". What margins are in effect on line four of page one? Left of 1.2", and right of 2", because the code on line three overrides the code at the top of the document.

This means that if you'd like to change the margins for the entire document, not only will you have to move to the top of the document and make the margin change, but you'll also have to make sure that there's no other margin change code to override its setting. The easiest way to find such codes is with the Search (F2) key. To automatically find a code and delete it, use the Replace key (Alternate-F2) to search for the code, and replace it with nothing.

Are other copies of WordPerfect currently running? (Y/N)

The last time you used WordPerfect, you failed to use the Exit (F7) key, respond to the questions, and wait for the DOS prompt (usually C:\>) to reappear.

WordPerfect, like many programs, creates temporary work files while in use. When exiting the program normally, with the Exit (F7) key, WordPerfect has a chance to perform the housekeeping tasks necessary for an orderly shutdown. Erasing the temporary files is one thing that WordPerfect does. But if you quit by rebooting, turning the computer off, or losing power, WordPerfect can't perform the orderly shutdown. The temporary work files remain on the disk, and upon starting WordPerfect again, it finds the temporary files and asks you what to do.

For this message, in almost all cases, the appropriate response is N.

This is a good example why, no matter what software you're using, you should always leave the program with the program's exit or quit commands. As long as you saved the document before you shut off the computer you won't lose data with WordPerfect, but with some programs you may.

First, remember to use the Shift key as appropriate—WordPerfect can't guess what words should be capitalized.

When you misstrike a character, use the Backspace key to correct. This will move the cursor to the left and erase the character. Then type the correct character and go on. WordPerfect normally works in insert mode, which means that what you type is inserted in front of the cursor position. Characters to the right of the cursor move to the right to open up new space for what you're typing.

To move about the document, use the cursor movement keys (Up, Down, Left, Right, Page Up, Page Down, Home, and End). Do not confuse the Backspace key with Left Arrow, the space bar with Right arrow, and the Enter key with Down arrow.

The Caps Lock key is like Shift Lock on a typewriter, with one difference. Caps Lock affects only the alphabet keys A through Z. To produce a colon, dollar sign, quotation mark, parenthesis, and many other symbols, you must use the Shift key even though Caps Lock is on. (The word Pos at the bottom right of the screen looks like POS when Caps Lock is on.)

5) Before typing this paragraph, press Indent (F4).

Remember to make these corrections as effortlessly and cleanly as possible. Some of the important keys to remember are Word Left/Right (Control-Left/Right) and moving to the top or bottom of the document with Home-Home-Up arrow and Home-Home-Down arrow.

Automatically insert today's date. First, move to the start of the line containing the old date (use Home-Home-Left). Then use Delete EOL (Control-End) to delete the line. Press Date/Outline (Shift-F5) and type 1 to insert today's date as text.

Change State to Dearborn. Move to the word State. (Anywhere within the word is fine.) The press Delete Word (Control-Backspace) to delete the entire word. Type Dearborn and press the space bar.

Insert very before first. Move to the f in first. (Use Word Left/Right to move quickly.) Type very and press the space bar.

Add word processing software after WordPerfect. Move to the period after WordPerfect. Press the space bar and type word processing software.

Replace pretty well with fine. Move somewhere within the word pretty. Strike delete Word (Control-Backspace) twice to delete pretty well. Type fine and press the space bar.

Remove underlining from underline. Move to the start of the word underline. Press Reveal Codes (Alternate-F3 or F11) to see the hidden codes. Look for the [UND] code that signifies the start of the underlining. Move the cursor (the cursor is a highlight in the reveal codes display) to the left or right so that the [UND] code is highlighted. Then press Delete to delete the code.

When finished, press Reveal Codes (Alternate-F3 or F11) again to return to normal editing.

Remove boldface from bold. Use the same steps as for deleting the underlining, but look for the [BOLD] code that starts boldface. Alternatively, you could delete the [bold] that ends the boldface.

Replace Just with Simply. Move somewhere within the word Just (remember to use Word Left/Right for fast movement). Press Delete Word (Control-Backspace) to delete the word. Type Simply and press the space bar.

Indent a paragraph on both sides. Move to the start of the paragraph (the T in To). Press Left/Right Indent (Shift-F4).

Delete a paragraph. Move to the very start of the paragraph (the T in the word To). Press Block (Alternate-F4 or F12) to turn block mode on. Press Enter twice to extend the block highlight through the next two Hard Return codes. Press the Delete Key and touch Y to confirm the deletion.

Add underlining. Move to where the underlining should start (the T in That's). Press Block (Alternate-F4 or F12) to turn block mode on. Type a period to extend the block highlight to the next period, which is the end of the sentence. Press Left arrow to exclude the period from the block. Press Underline (F8).

Change all Enter key to Return key. Move to the top of the document with Home-Home-Up arrow. Press Replace (Alternate-F2). Press Y to replace with confirmation. Type Enter in response to the search for question and press F2. Type Return in response to the replace with question and press F2. Confirm or reject each proposed replacement (be careful).

Don't Justify the paragraphs. Move to the top of the document with Home-Home-Up arrow. Press Format (Shift-F8). Press 1 for Line formatting. Press 3 for Justification. Press 1 for left only justification. Press Exit (F7) to remove the menu.

Center page top to bottom. Move to the top of the document with Home-Home-Up arrow. Press Format (Shift-F8). Type 2 for Page formatting. Type 1 for Center Page top to bottom. Type Y for yes. Press Exit (F7) to remove the menu.

Change to 12 (Elite) pitch. Move to the top of the document with Home-Home-Up arrow. Press Font (Control-F8). Type 4 for Base Font. Select a 12 CPI (characters per inch) font and press 1.

Move the signature block. Move to the start of the first line to move (the S in Sincerely) and press Tab until the text moves to the 4.5" position. Repeat for the Jane Doe line.

Save the file. Press Save (F10). Press Enter to use the same name. Type Y to replace the existing file on the disk with this new, corrected version.

Preamble

We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the Constitution of the United States of America.

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representative and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years in such manner as they shall be law direct. The number of representative shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New-Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North-Carolina five, South- Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose the Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they hall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.

Qty Item Each Total

--- ----------------- --------- ---------

2 IBM Computers $2,500.00 $5,000.00

3 Laser Printers 2,000.00 6,000.00

10 Boxes Paper 25.00 250.00

----------

Totals $11,250.00

Tab settings are at 1.5" (Decimal), 2" (Left), 5" (Decimal), and 6.3" (Decimal). Be sure to delete all the existing tabs before setting the new tabs.

After typing the document, move the Total column one inch to the right.

Examples of different types tab stop alignment:

Left Centered $1,234.50 Right Dot

Aligned Tab 342.00 Aligned Leaders

Tab Stop Example 12,000.00 Tab Stop Before

In this example, tabs are set every 1.5". The first tab is left, the second tab is center, the third is decimal, the fourth is right, and the fifth is right with dot leader.

Move the paragraphs back in the correct order (Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, etc.). Some of the paragraphs are already in sequence, and can be moved as a group to the correct place. Paragraph 11 needs to have its sentences placed in proper order. When finished, remove all the paragraph number tags. (Hint: use the replace command with ^x.) Then, see if you can get the entire document to fit on one page.

Paragraph 11. This is the third sentence of the paragraph. This is the first sentence of the paragraph, which needs to be placed in its correct position at the start of the paragraph. This is the fourth sentence of this paragraph. This is the 2nd. sentence of the paragraph.

Paragraph 5. The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof: but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall be law appoint a different day.

Paragraph 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.

Paragraph 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety require it.

Paragraph 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

Paragraph 3. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Paragraph 4. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they hall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

Paragraph 2. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

Paragraph 1. We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the Constitution of the United States of America.

Paragraph 6. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

Paragraph 7. All bill for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representative; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Paragraph 12. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States.

Paragraph 1. We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the Constitution of the United States of America.

Paragraph 2. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

Paragraph 3. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Paragraph 4. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they hall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

Paragraph 5. The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof: but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall be law appoint a different day.

Paragraph 6. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

Paragraph 7. All bill for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representative; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Paragraph 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.

Paragraph 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety require it.

Paragraph 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

Paragraph 11. This is the first sentence of the paragraph, which needs to be placed in its correct position at the start of the paragraph. This is the 2nd. sentence of the paragraph. This is the third sentence of the paragraph. This is the fourth sentence of this paragraph.

Paragraph 12. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States.