May cause nasal bleeding

Yes*

No

No

*Nasal intubation

May cause urinary retention

Yes+

Yes-*

Yes-*

*morphine

May use water spray?

Yes

Yes-*

Yes

*Skill of assistant

Aspiration a risk?

Yes-*

Yes-

No

*when placing and removing tube

Complications/risks increase/time

Yes+

Yes-

No

Must use local anesthesia

No

No*

Yes

*must use during light GA

Depth of anesthesia 1-10

10*

8

4

*Just for tube through vocal cords

Pressure nerve damage: elbow,leg

Yes+

Yes-

No

Pressure hair loss

Yes

Yes-

No

Vocal cord damage

Yes*

No

No

*tube forced through vocal cords

Co-operation by patient?

No

Yes*

Yes

*during light GA

Muscle pain

Yes*

No

No

*If paralyzed to place tube

Corneal abrasion risk

Yes

Yes-

No

Good for severely retarded?

Yes+

Yes-

No

Good for young/uncooperative?

Yes+

Yes

No

Intubation of stomach? One lung?

Yes*

No

No

*fatal if not detected

Nasal or vocal polyp formation

Yes

No

No

Relative Risk 1-10 low-high

10

8

2

Relative co-operation 1-10

0

7*

10

*during light GA phases

Bite registration

Poor*

Good

Excel.

*throat pack pushes tongue up

Minimum recovery time

1hr

30min

None

Laryngeal edema, horseness

Yes

No

No

Good for routine restorative cases?

No*

Yes-

Yes+

*throat pack pushes tongue up

Can change depth for cooperation?

No

Yes

Yes

Throat pack pushing up tongue?

Yes

No

No

Large, intrusive equipment

Yes

No

No

Possible bladder damage

Yes

No

No

Catheterize bladder for long case?

Yes

No

No

Catheterization=infection risk?

Yes

No

No

Cost 1-10 low-high

10

8

8

Technical difficulty 1-10

4

8

10

Nausea and vomiting

Yes (1:15)

Yes*

Rare

*(1:300)

 Education required 1-10

10

10

6

Pulmonary infection

Yes

No

No

Can treat on full stomach?

No*

No

Yes

*Only in hospital emergencies