Confederate Industry
Index
Alabama, depots, 100; state control of mills, 115-116; mobilization, 124; mills burned, 221; constitutional convention, 258.
Alabama State Card Manufacturing Company, 137.
Alamance factory, details, 45.
Alcova, new factory, 140; burned, 206.
Alexander, General Edward P., 96; quest for shoes precipiated Gettysburg battle, 85.
Allen, Charles M., consul's report, 169-70, 210.
Allgood, Andrew P., 44, Trion factory, 197.
Amis, William, new mill, 140.
Amons's woolen mill, 201.
Anderson and Richards, machinery manufacture, 136.
Anderson, William, quartermaster at Memphis, 11, 28; evacuation, 34. Andrews, Sidney, postwar South, 233-34, 260.
Anti-Jewish sentiment, 66.
Armstrong, Captain James, 9.
Army, supply, 4, 127; regulation requirements, 13.
Army of Northern Virginia, supplies, 127.
Army of Tennessee, invasion of Tennessee, 127; supply (1864), 127.
Army of the Cumberland (Union), assault on Lower South, 222.
Arson, mills, 58; suspected, 198.
Ashmore, John, 200.
Athens factory, 22; labor, 44-45.
Atlanta depot, 99-100; destroyed, 206.
Atwood and Rokenbaugh, details, 45, 46. Atwood, Henry, profit limitations, 53.
Atwood, James W., 197.
Augusta County, Virginia, decline in sheep population, 29;
Augusta Daily Constitutionalist, 131-34.
Augusta factory, 171; war losses, 236; postwar rebuilding, 268-69, 271-72.
Augusta, Georgia, New South mills, 282.
Austin, Mississippi, burned, 189.
Austrian rifles, 160-61, 162, 338n 23.
Ayletts, Virginia, mills burned, 194.
Babcock, Colonel Orville E., 223.
Badger, Senator George, 259.
Bagby, George William, 73.
Bailey, William, 115.
Baird, Robert, iron monger, 141.
Balonna, iron works, xviii. Bankston factory, burning, 193; 201.
Barbour, Alfred M., rivals Richmond, 70; Virginia operations, 70-71; west, 71; imports, 72; goods, 72-74; activities, 316n 107; regional quartermasters, 317n 115.
Barker and Keefe, seized with machinery, 189.
Barnett and Micou, cotton, 242-43.
Barter, yarn for wool, 31; cloth to buy provisions, 106-107.
Barton, Mrs. Thomas and Willilam, wages, 215.
Bassett, Samuel French, agent, 116.
Bastrop factories, 149-50.
Bates, Gustavus H., machinery imports, 144.
Bates, John, 270; factory, 262.
Baton Rouge, cotton factory, 347n 49.
Battersea factory, 63, 198, 219; postwar capital, 268; refurbished, 270. Battle, William, 195.
Battle, Kemp P., 260, 277.
Baugh, Richard B., bond, 184; mill burned, 188, 247.
Baugh, Robert, 185.
Baugh, Kennedy, and Company, 220.
Baum, M., machinery imports, 144.
Bay Springs factory, prison, 183.
Baylor, Constantine G., direct trade, 17, 21, 209-10; foreign supplies, 351n 141; open letters, 351n 143; in New York, 305n 73.
Bayne, Thomas L., foreign cotton sales, 144; Bureau of Foreign Supplies, 159, 165, 176.
Beaumont, Betty Bentley, hat maker, 191.
Beauregard, Pierre T. G., Myers, 6, 35, 71; policy of destruction, 189; factory hands, 219-20.
Beckwith, Captain Warren, 194.
Belgium, market for Southern yarns, 20.
Bell factory, profits, 56, 185; rebuilt, 269.
Benjamin, Secretary Judah P., 77, 196; Myers, 6; wool famine, 30, 33; on Huse, 162, 338n 31; Saul Isaac, 338n 35. Bentley, E. B., 62.
Bermuda, blockade-running, 169-70, 171.
Bill, David, woolen mill, 139-40.
Bingham, James B., Andrew Johnson's agent, 241-42.
Black labor, New South, 266; see labor.
Blankets, 24, 28, 64, 81, 97, 112, 113, 125, 145, 159, 167, 170, 172, 177, 178-79; Crenshaw, 164.
Blockade, 20, 141; problems, 24.
Blockade-runners, 320n 174, 339n 54; individual ships, 15, 138, 168-178, 182-83, 194, 320n 174, 340n 64, 340n 65, 342n 98; Little Ada, 20, 210; Advance, 111, 146-47, 173; investment of mills, 171; private companies, 175; Ordnance, 337n 13; cargoes of Hebe and Leopard, 340n 65; quartermaster losses, 341n 77, 343n 101; loss of Waller's ships, 343n 104. Bloomfield, Benjamin, quartermaster at Yorktown, 10.
Bodine-Jonval turbine, 141.
Bone, Hugh, 133; Petersburg home guard, 198.
Bonsack, Jacob, 23, 201, 217, 218.
Bonsack, John, cigarette machine, 285.
Bourne, John T., agent at Bermuda, 159.
Boyd, David, F., 262.
Boyden, Nathaniel, 259-60, 276.
Bragg, General Braxton, 36, 67, 95, 184, 229; and Sherman, 351n 145.
Branch, General Lawrence O'Bryan, 26; investigates fraud, 75.
Bratton, William L., 226.
Brazos factory, seized, 237.
Bridges and Ausley sock factory, 150.
Brierfield Iron Works, seized, 237.
Brinkley, Ralph C., 28, 230, 235, 245; Wolfe Creek factory, 138.
British companies, Alexander Collie, 17, 166, 167, 172-73; Davis and Fitzhugh, 174-75; Dudgeon, 166; Gilliat, 173; Higzaur, 269; Power, Lowe, and Company, 175; Rosenberg, 72, 175; Saul Isaac, Campbell and Company, 161, 338n 35; shipping profits, 343n 106. Brown, A. D., shuttles, 134.
Brown, Governor Joseph E., 11-12, 44, 201, 202, 278; direct trade, 19, 20; control of mills, 36, 52, 101; profit limitation, 65; clothing contracts, 114-15; hand cards, 137; supported separate peace, 209.
Browne, William M., survey of Lower South, 35, 36.
Browne, William H., 71,
Browne, J. Rhodes, 133, 196.
Browne, Albert G., 238, 241.
Brumby, Arnoldus V., 18, 197, 202. Bullock, James D., 159, 166, 168, 175.
Bullock, Rufus Brown, 279.
Bureau of Foreign Supplies, authority, problems, 169-70, 171, 176, 344n 135; see Thomas L. Bayne.
Burney, George E., 238, 262, 276, 279.
Burning of mills, accidental, 139.
Burnside, General Ambrose, 138, 187, 223, 351n 113; at Knoxville, 95; mill policy, 183, 350n 113.
Busby, Major J. J., Texas, 149.
Butler, General Benjamin, 90, 229; Gautherin and Company, 310n 171.
Butterworth, Asa and Ashton, 187, 269;
Calhoun, Captain A. P., Montgomery, 103.
Camp, George, 14, 22, 25, 135, 142, 204; secession crisis, 15; public outcry, 51; local bobbins, 134; black labor, 254.
Cannon, Gabriel, 277; resources, 223-24.
Card clothing, 131, 136-38, 142.
Cards, state efforts to secure, 332n 38.
Cedar Falls factory, 43, 131, 207, 279; at war, 151; labor, 152-53. Census of Confederate factories, 99; summary, 100-101; Appendix A and B; Mississippi, 104; results, 105.
Charleston Mercury, 54-55, 153; on manufacturers, 48; on fraud, 73.
Charleston News and Courier, 271, 277, 283.
Charters, new mills, 142, 148; Georgia, 263; in South Carolina, 333n 68.
Chattanooga, iron works, 237, 358n 29.
Cheatham, Archer, 230.
Chesnut, James Sr., scarcity, 48. Chesnut, James Jr., 88, 276, 277.
Chesnut, Mary Boykin, 122; on mills, 48; Myers-Davis issue, 86, 90.
Cheves, Langdon, martial law, 48.
Chickasaw, the scout, 183.
Child labor, 248; cotton mills, xv, 216.
Childs, L. D., 35, 199, 216, 270.
Chisman, Major Samuel R., 120, 143, 224; in North Carolina, 111; census of mills, 117; asserts rules, 123-24. Chisolm, John H., machinery imports, 144.
Choccolocco factory, 134; burned, 221.
Cities, New South, 273.
Civilians, 180; clothing shops, 61; factory raids, 201; dress, 352n 168. Clapp, Jeremiah R., 275.
Clark, Senator Daniel, xiii.
Clausewitz, Karl von, 186.
Cleburne, General Patrick, supply, 126.
Clinton factory, burned, 190.
Clip (wool), Confederacy, 29, 30.
Clock, in manufacturing, 255; time discipline, 361n 102.
Cloth, value, 16; needs, 104, 105-107.
Clothing issues, 310n 176; volunteers, 25; Clothing Bureau (1861-62), 28; Tennessee (winter 1861), 28; Trans-Mississippi (1861), 28; winter's allowance, 53; Clothing Bureau (1862), 81; Columbus, 82; Montgomery (1863), 103; Selma, 104; North Carolina (1862, 1863), 111; Georgia, 115; to armies (1864), 128; general (1864), 178-79; regulation requirements, 303n 35; voluntary efforts, 307n 110; Federal efforts, 308n 124; Morgan's command, 329n 166; North Carolina, 330n 173.
Clothing depot (Nashville), 10-11.
Clothing Bureau (Richmond), 9, 83, 98, 113, 164, 185, 218, 219; established, 8; responsibilities, 10; woolens (winter 1861-62); 31; wool scarcity, 33, 36-37; Richmond mills, 62; purchases, 63, 104-105, 328n 145; inspected, 80; capacity (1864), 126; fire hazard, 199; workers, 215; budget, 302n 18; Virginia woolens, 310n 176; productivity, 310n 176; smuggling, 318n 139; organization, 320n 169; receipts (spring, 1864), 329n 149. Cloud, Noah B., 276.
Coal Spring Mill Sock factory, 150.
Cobb, John S., Tuscaloosa, 40-41.
Cobb, General Thomas R. R., 77.
Cobb, Howell, refused Myers's office, 88.
Cohen, Solomon, 241, 260-61.
Collie, Alexander, see British companies.
Columbia Mills, 216, 270.
Columbus factory, 269; burned, 222.
Columbus, Georgia, mills, xvi; depot, 82; home guard, 196; Union seizure, 221; manufacturing, 354n 208.
Commercial and Financial Convention, 19.
Commissary Department, 96; mills, 101; requisitions, 328n 139; imports (fall, 1864), 344n 136; see Lucius Northrop.
Commutation system, 5, 12, 42, 77; early operations, 13; volunteers, 25; in North Carolina, 109-110; abolished (October, 1862), 110. Cone, Colonel Aurelius F., 9, 98, investigation, 82; census of Virginia mills, 104; court martial, 319n 162.
Confederate States of America, industrial policy, 3; tariff, 20; Mississippi, 32; controlled profits, 64; census of factories, 100; losses, 102; goods taken, 103; machinery imports, 130-31; machinery, 153; policy of destruction, 189; currency, 207; debts, 208, 236.
Confederate Army, Nashville, 34; postwar careers, 368n 38; see Knoxville and Gettysburg campaigns.
Confederate Congress, profit limitation measures, 64. Confederate medical corps, 52, 325n 58; see deprivation.
Confederate Senate, investigations, 35; on profit limits, 53; supported Myers, 90. Confederate Manufacturing and Direct Trade Association, 17-18, 20-21. Confiscation acts, Federal, 237.
Conscription acts, Confederate, 166-67, 248; impact on mills, 43, 45; and profits, 53; responses, 53-54.
Contracts, 14; uniform rules, 108-109.
Conventions, manufacturers, 17-21, 57-60, 275.
Convict lease system, origins, 367n 35. Cooper, Adjutant General Samuel, 8, 80, 97.
Cooper, Mark A., 284.
Cooper, Thomas N., exemptions, 45.
Corley, James L., 83, requestions in Gettysburg campaign, 85.
Cornyn, Florence M., raid, 187-88.
Cotton brokers, Augusta, 354n 58.
Cotton gin manufacturing, xviii.
Cotton, costs, 62; dearth in Upper South, 104-105, 171-72; exports on bureau account, 169-70; division of, 170; price (1865), 238.
Cotton mills, see also factories; 197; warps to woolen mills, 16; secession panic, 16; new markets, 17; Mexico, 309n 143; in Lower South, Appendix A; North Carolina, Appendix B. Administration: wool issue, 38. Control issues: governors seize, 52; resist price controls, 59-60; control by Commissary, Navy, and Georgia, 101. Hazards: risks, 63; burned, 186-88, 191-93, 201, 203-219, 347n 49, 187, 350n 113, 353n 187; middle Georgia mills destroyed by Sherman, 208; Saluda, 214-16; Columbus, 221-22; burned by Stoneman, 224-26; Wilson's raiders, 220-23; escaped Union destruction, 224, 355n 212. Home guards: 195-98. Labor issues: see labor, military exemptions, details; exemptions at High Shoals, 44; loss of labor, 62-63; punctuality of workers, 361n 102; Mobilization: defy mobilization regime, 122-23; ceased delivery, 206; Mills: see also individual names; Vaucluse, xx; Graniteville, xx; Battersea, Matoaca, Merchants, xix; Ivy, xx; Milner and Wood, Valley Falls, 25, 35-36; Wolfe Creek, 28, 230; Morgan Mills, 34; Cedar Falls, 43, 131; Macon, 44; Eagle (North Carolina), 45, Manchester (Virginia), 48; Rockfish, 48, 59-60, 217; Curtwright, 53; Blount Creek, Fayetteville, Manchester (North Carolina), Beaver Creek, Union (North Carolina), Cross Creek, 59-60; James River, 62; Petersburg city mills, 63; Dog River, 67; Monticello, 115; Rock Island, 117; Linebarger, 120; Roswell, 131; Eagle (Georgia), 133-34; Gigger and Gunn, Planter's (Alabama), Simpson and Moore, Chockolocco, Green and Scott, Kirkman and Hayes (Tuscaloosa), Mississippi Manufacturing (Bankston), 134; Planter's (Alabama), 134, 243; Union (Virginia), 135; Ettrick, Scott, 139; Alquandon, 140; Granite, 141, 147; Salem Manufacturing, 140; Gwinette, 144-45; Deep River, Randolph, Union, 147; Bastrop Cotton and Wool Manufacturing, 140-50; Brazos, Comal, Waco, 149; Bell, 185; Rock, Sparta, 197; Yadkins, 199; Dixon's, Lester's, Pinewood, 200; Eatonton, Planter's (Georgia), 208; Milledgeville, 209; Saluda, 214-16; Rockingham, 217; Whitehead's, Scottsville, Palmyra, 219; Mossy Creek, 223; Elkin, Patterson's, 224; Turner, 225; Lebanon, Sylvan, 230; Little River, 234; Allen's, Central, Owl Hollow, 269; Muscogee, Franklin, 271; Mont Vernon factory, 345n 3. New factories and expansion: Tallassee factory machinery imports, 143; new charters and factories in Texas, 148; Profits and Losses; inflation, 48; dividends, expenses, stock, 62; Confederate debts, 213; postwar assets, 239-43; Federal seizures, 237-39; claims, 348n 63; assets of selected mills (1865), Appendix D. Reconstruction; new mills, 260-70; refugee mills return, 270; mills in 1874, 280; growth in Conservative era, 280; growth after 1880, 281, 282; antebellum mills survive, 284.
Cotton Planters Convention, 17;
Cox, Colonel Nicholas N., 182.
Crafts, G. S., 71; at Charleston, 35.
Cramer, Major Francis L., 221.
Crenshaw brothers, (Joseph, Louis, and William), xix; 164, 166, 174.
Crenshaw steamship line, first run, 167-68; losses, 169-70; ill fate, 171; press, 172; profits, 175-76. Crenshaw Woolen Mill, 164; dyes, 15, 138; bought domestic warps, 16-17; essential to War Department, 28; wool scarcity, 30; extortion issue, 61; wartime product, 64; fire, 200.
Crenshaw, William G., 155, 164, 165, 168, 170, 173, 344n 136; attacks Huse, 162; agreement with government, 165; offer to Alexander Collie, 166; relationship with Confederacy criticized, 172; European expenditures, 178; funded by War Department, 339n 53; New South career, 288.
Cross, William B. B., 112; managed Clothing Bureau, 9, 104; uniform profit rule, 109.
Crossan, Thomas M., 146.
Croxton, General John T, raid, 220.
Cunningham, George W., 28, 68; quartermaster at Nashville, 11; wool problem, 33, 37-38; evacuation to Georgia, 34; recommended economy, 99; conducts factory census, 100; mobilization, 105; contracts, 122; quotas, 124; evacuation from Atlanta to Augusta, 205; mill troubles, 207; payment problems, 207-208; end of operations, 212-13; New South career, 288.
Currency, depreciation, 47-48, 49; proposed backing by cotton, 305n 61.
Curtis, Dennis, 147.
Cypress Creek, Alabama, 187.
Dabney, Robert L, 282.
Danforth, George, spinning frames, 131.
David, Charles H., closing of Mississippi River, 32.
Davis, Jefferson, 4, 23, 87, 172, 224, 226; opposed Myers's appointment, 6; at Montgomery, 7; ordered William M. Browne to survey mills, 36; controversy with Myers, 42-43; investigated fraud, 67-68; opposed Winnemore, 68, 88; replaced Myers, 85; concern over Longstreet, 97; polemics with Vance; 113; imports, 159; on Crenshaw, 168; scorched-earth policy, 180, 192; pardon sought, 260.
Davis, Governor Jeff, Populist, 287.
Davis, Varina Howell, society politics, 86.
Daviston factory burned, 221.
Dawson, Francis, 277, 283.
de Bree, John, naval officer, 106; ignored mobilization, 108.
De Leon, Surgeon General David C., 8.
De Leon, Thomas, 8, 158.
Debardeleben, Henry F., 284.
DeBow, James D. B., xiii, 18, 19, 134, 258-59, 281, on economic independence, 131.
DeBow's Review, 18, 134.
Denham, J. and J. C., 135.
Denham, James, shoe factory, 209.
Dennett, John Richard, postwar South, 233.
Depots, 8, 9, 28, 100, 317n 115.
Deprivation, 37, 83; Manassass (1861), 12, threatened Myers's position, 76; barefoot soldiers, 78; press issue, 79; Hays's Louisiana Brigade, 79; Army of Northern Virginia, 84; Ewell's corps, 93; Longstreet's corps, 96; Kershaw's division, 329n 153; public attire, 352n 168.
Details, 43, 44, 45, 62-63; written into contracts, 46; see exemptions, conscription.
Devastation, 180; Confederate losses in 1862, 33; New Orleans, 34; in Mississippi Valley, 189; Georgia, 208, 211: North Carolina, 217, 226; Columbus, 221-22. Devin, Thomas C., 353n 187.
Dillard, Francis W., 37, 221; Gulf Coast mills, 23; quartermaster at Columbus, 36; monthly production, 82; shoe factory, 209.
Direct Trade and Importing Company (Chattanooga), 359n 56;
Direct trade movement, 17, 20, 275.
Dodge, General Granville, 183.
Dortch, William, extortion issue, 64-65.
Draft, see conscription.
Ducktown copper mines, xiii-xiv.
Duffie, General Alfred N., 217, 238.
Duke, Basil Washington, supplies, 76-77. Duke, James Buchanan, 284.
Duncan, Stephen, 284.
Eagle factory (North Carolina), 45.
Eagle factory (Georgia), 133, 134, 196, 221, 230, 234; barter for wool, 38; Eagle and Phoenix, 271, 282.
Earle, John B., Waco wools, 32.
Earle, James B., manufacturer, 238, 270.
Early, Genral Jubal, 218.
Economic costs of war, 235-37.
Edmonds, Richard H., 283, 285.
Egan, Dr. Bartholomew, 276, 279, 284; sons, 262; Reconstruction proposals, 264.
Ellet, General Alfred W., raids, 188.
Ellic, slave mill worker, 254.
Elliott, Abram, W., exemption, 45. Enameled cloth, 133.
Etowah Manufacturing and Mining, xvii.
Ettrick factory, 63, 198, 219.
Evans, George W., Georgia agent, 65.
Ewell, General Richard S., loss of baggage train, 85.
Extraction industries, 367n 34.
Factories, see cotton mills; Confederate control, 101; without militaray contracts, 102; hours of labor, 151; use of slave workers, 151-52; decline of productivity, 153; problems of fire, 198; threatened by Sherman, 211.
Falmouth Cotton and Woolen Mill, 184. Faulkner, Asa, 269.
Fay, W. W., machinery imports, 144.
Fayetteville Mill, 59.
Fayetteville, mills burned, 217.
Federal destruction, economic motives imputed, 350n 119, 356n 227.
Ferguson, James B., Jr., 22, 23-24, 46, 52, 111, 167, 170, 173; background, 9; Lower South mills, 22-23; wool famine, 31; to England, 156-57; Liverpool and Manchester, 159; foreign purchases, 160;
on Huse's commissions, 162; steamers, 163-64; financing, 163; Crenshaw, 165, 167-68; British shippers, 174; cotton exchange agreement, 174-75; goods not inspected, 175; clothing order, 176-77; blanket machinery, 177-78; expenditures, 178. Ferguson, William, 105, 218; quartermaster, 9; defended Myers, 80-81; Clothing Bureau, 219.
Fickling, Major Benjamin F., on Huse's purchases, 161.
Finance, deterioration, 92-93; see Treasury Department.
Finger, William A., Spartanburg, 35. Fitch, Lieutenant LeRoy, raids, 182.
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin, 258.
Flint River factory, 223, 271.
Florence, Alabama, 182-83, 184, 187.
Foote, Henry S. Foote, on quartermaster fraud, 76; 322n 203.
Forrest, General Nathan Bedford, 200, 221, 229, 231, 346n 34.
Forster, William E., 160.
Foster, Ira R., 201; Georgia quartermaster, 26; Georgia troops, 93; activities, 114. Foster, Colonel John G., raid, 195.
Fraser, John A., 141-42, 175, 163, 203; importer, 15; Faser, Trenholm, and Company, 173.
Fraud, imputed to quartermasters, 66-76; before congress, 76; reaction to charges, 316n 104; Jones case, 346n 24; charges, 316n 104.
Freedmen, 222, 252-54; follow Sherman, 206; North Carolina black code, 362n 115.
Friedman, Bernhard, 283.
Fries, Francis (Frank) Levin, xix, 3, 15, 19, 35, 140, 117, 156; Texas wool, 30-31; closing of Mississippi, 32-33; workforce, 44; inflation, 48; altercation with Holden, 49; price controls, 50, 56, 64; altercation with Vance, 57-58, 59; uniforms to Longstreet, 98; Confederate policy, 130-31; pickers, 131; improvision, 135; card clothing, 136; used machinery, 138; imports, 141-42; labor, 151; machinery, 157; cotton purchases, 239; Confederate debt, 236; black labor, 254. Fries, Henry, 147, 225, 247, 268, 284. Fulkerson, J. L., wool agent, 32.
Garrett, Charles, 56, 57, 59, 111.
Gartrell, Lucius, endorsed price controls, 47; initiated debate over profits, 53.
Gatlin, Richard C., 113.
Gautherin & Co., 37, 310n 171.
Geary, General John W., 209.
General Orders, No. 1 (Confederate), 365n 1; No. 23 (Confederate), to restrain competition, 82; No. 50 (Confederate), on exemptions, 46; No. 100 (Union), destruction, 186, 194, 203; see Special orders.
Georgia, cotton mills, 22, 51, 280; political leadership, 12, 82, 114, 260, 278; factory home guard, 196-97; debt controversy, 261. Gerrard, General Kener, 204.
Gettysburg, supply problem, 84, 85.
Gibbes, James G., 43, 102, 131, 216, 277.
Gill, Colonel William G., Augusta Arsenal, 139.
Gillaspie, William M., Selma, 103; impressed Simpson and Moore, 207.
Gist, Govenor William Henry, secession letter, xxii.
Glover, James, Knoxville, 95.
Goldthwaite, George, Alabama, 26.
Goode, Garland, Dog River factory, 139.
Goodloe, Daniel R., 277.
Gorgas, Josiah, 6. 93, 107, 157-58; systematic planning, 4; on Huse, 162; leased mills, 182; management, 301n 2; importations, 337n 13.
Grady, Hawthorne, and Perry factory, 35, 257, 270.
Grady, Henry W., 280-81; New South creed, 273-75; press support, 282.
Graham, Samuel, 200; cotton sales, 239.
Grand Gulf, Mississippi, attacked, 192.
Granger, General Cordon, 96.
Graniteville, Sherman's approach, 212.
Grant, General Ulysses S., 180, 183, 192-93; Vicksburg campaign, 39; military code, 185-86; subsisting on enemy, 190; Green brothers, 348n 63.
Grant's factory, burned, 222.
Green, Duff, Falmouth, 22, 134, 183.
Green, Duff, Jacksonian, scheme for Confederate finance, 18-19.
Greene brothers, 192-93.
Greensboro factory, 234; machinery, 140.
Gregg, William, 3, 19, 156, 197, 203, 207, 241, 270-71, 271; background, xx; secession panic, 15, 16; tariff, 18; direct trade, 18; exemmptions, 43, 46; inflation, 48; price controls, 53-55; faults Confederate policy, 66; avoided military, 102; imports, 130, 141; on Sherman, 211; losses, 236, 357n 24; cotton seizures, 240; loyalty, 245-46; rebuilds, 267-68. Gregg, James L., xx, 15, 45, 274; home market, 16, 21; navy, 101.
Gresham, John J., 18, 278; convention, 17; labor at Macon mill, 44.
Grierson, General Benjamin Henry, 190; raid, 193, 347n 49.
Griswold, Samuel, gin factory, xviii, 133, 223.
Grosvenor, General Charles H., 241;
Gunn, James, (Gigger and Gunn factory), 134; burned, 221; freedmen, 252.
Haigh, Charles T., 59; inflation, 48.
Haiman sword factory, Columbus, 222.
Hale, E. J., Jr., 217.
Hall, John, Beaver Creek factory, 60.
Halleck, General Henry, 180, 185; on property destruction, 182; orders, 203; applauded Sherman, 205.
Hamberger, Louis, 221, 271; on freedmen, 254, 360n 100.
Hamburg, Tennessee, mill destroyed, 187.
Hampton, Wade, 216.
Hancock State Guards, 197.
Hansell, Andrew Jackson, 260.
Hansell, Augustin Harris, 278.
Hardee, General William J., 72.
Harman, Colonel Michael G., Staunton quartermaster, 81.
Harris, Alfred T., 19, 61-62.
Hat factory, burned, 220.
Hatch, General Edward, raider, 188.
Haxall, Crenshaw and Company, 339n 42.
Hay and McDevitt (Philadelphia), 14.
Haynes, William H,, 148-49, 153; at Shreveport, 33; orders, 176.
Hebe, 167, 168, 169; loss debated, 172; cargo, 340n 65, 342n 95.
Helm, Charles, Havana, 145.
Helper, Hinton Rowan, xiii, 277.
Herman, John H., 180-81.
Heroes of America, society, 200-201.
Hessee, Major Julian, quartermaster at Mobile, 10; Court of Inquiry, 67.
Heth, General Henry; Gettysburg, 85; superior supply, 114.
High Shoals factory, 44; postwar capital, 268.
Hill, General David H., New South agenda, 265.
Hill, Benjamin, Conservative, 366n 13.
Hirsch, Herman, 10; fraud charged, 69. Hitchcock, Major Henry, 208.
Hoke, General Robert F., factory, 226.
Holden, William H., 244, 276, 277, on manufacturers, 49; provisional governor, 257, 260; on confiscation, 361n 105.
Holden Herald, 277.
Holly Springs, raid, 193, 348n 66.
Holmes, General Theophilus, 145, 249.
Holmes, M. D., 199.
Holt, Thaddeus, direct trade, 17.
Holt, Edwin Michael, xix-xx, 3, 117-18, 120, 345; chagrin at public, 51; postwar capital, 284.
Holt, Thomas M., 141, 271, 277, 284; on government prices, 66; pardon petition, 247; governor, 287; new mill, 365n 174.
Home guard, at factories, 195; Petersburg, 197-98, 219; Atlanta, 206; see cotton mills, hazards.
Home market, limitations, 157-58.
Homesley, Albert R., scarcity, 30-31. Homespun, 13; used in west, 26.
Hood, General John B., 127, 208.
Hope, James Barron, 89; Myers-Davis controversy, 86.
Hopewell factory, black labor, 254.
Horse shoes, 96; see iron foundries.
Hotze, Henry, Index, 158.
Hours of labor, Cedar Falls, 152-53, Savannah River factories, Appendix C; see labor.
Houston City Manufacturing Company, 270.
Howard, General Oliver O., 208; at Rockfish factory, 217. Howard's factory, 196; burned, 222.
Hunter, Andrew, 23; encouraged Myers to patronize mills, 27.
Hunter, Robert M. T., 88.
Hunter, Genral David, raid, 217.
Huntsville, Texas, prison factory, 28-29; see prison factories.
Huse, Major Caleb, 158, 165; and Gorgas, 160; commissions, 161; European expenditures, 178; opposition to goverment contractors, 338n 29.
Imports, hazards, 142; machinery, 141-44; North Carolina, 146; private accounts, 175; quartermaster stores (1864), 178-79; (1863), 344n 135. Importing and Exporting Company of Georgia, 175.
Impressment, questioned, 38; Florida, 38; creative use, 40-41; from Richmond shops, 80; of slave workers, 152; from north Alabama mills, 185; see military socialism and Lawton, mobilization. Improvisation, by mills, 131-32.
industrialization, support in Reconstruction, 362n 106, 363n 135. Inflation, 49, 52, 61; of canvas, 314n 69; in 1862, 314n 65; in Richmond, 352n 168; see prices.
Iron foundries, xvii, 141; North Carolina, 117; use of black labor, 254; Chattanooga mills, 358n 29.
Issues, see also clothing issues; 178-79; Clothing Bureau (1861-1862), 81; Vance at Knoxville, 98; Lawton to Longstreet at Knoxville, 98; from Bankston, 104; domestic sources, 155; blankets (1864), 178-79; shoes (1864), 178-79.
Jackson, Alabama, mill burned, 221.
Jackson factory (Mississippi), burned, 193; claims, 348n 63.
Jackson, Captain T. A., 139.
Jackson factory (Mississippi), burned, 192-93; claims, 348n 63.
Jackson, General Thomas J., 81; Romney campaign, 28; urged to secure cloth, 34; scarcity of shoes, 79.
Jackson, William E., 135, 211, 236; details limited by Lee, 46; profits, 56; subterfuge in dividends, 66; favors state over Confederate control, 65-66.
Jenkins, Charles J., 260-61, 262; Reconstruction policy, 263.
Jenks, Alfred, 269.
Jenks, Henry C., charged quartermaster fraud, 74.
Jewell, David A., manufacturer, 197.
John Judge factory, socks, 123.
John Lee factory, socks, 150.
Johnson, Adam, sales, 23; details limited by Lee, 46.
Johnson, Andrew, xiii, 243, 251, 263, 281; defended industry in Tennessee, xiv; discouraged wool sales to Confederacy, 29; economic reconstruction, 228, 244; military governor, 229-32; black community, 230, 251, 356n 2; investments in factories, 232, 356n 12; demanded repudiation of debts, 256-61. Johnson, James, 261.
Johnston, General Albert Sidney, 10; supply, 28; Nashville losses, 34.
Johnston, General Joseph E., 35, 192, 217; Manassas, 34; his chief quartermaster, 70-74; control of Grant and Troup factories, 101; supplies, 126.
Jones, Dr. Joseph, supported economic independence, 17.
Jones, John B., rebel war clerk, 11; on profits, 55-56; hostility to Myers, 66; passport office, 87; on Davis's replacement of Myers, 88; on Huse, 162; on Union raid, 194.
Jones, Major George W., 247, 262; fraud charged, 67; mobilization, 124; impressed cloth, 185; evidence of malfeasance, 346n 24.
Kean, Robert, 89; Myers and Davis, 86. Kelley, Tackett, and Ford, 43; blanket supply, 24.
Kelley, William Darrah, 266; segration of labor, 279.
Kershaw, General Joseph, footware complaint, 125.
Kettell, Thomas P., xiii, xiv.
Keyes, General Edward D., raid, 194.
Kilpatrick, General Hugh Judson, 85, 209.
King Cotton diplomacy, 156.
King, Edward, 282; segregation, 280.
King, James Barrington, xx, 136, 198-99, 203, 205, 234, 266-68; orders from England, 15; secession panic, 16, 25; end of panic, 25; machinery imports, 142; fear of Sherman, 203-204; cotton purchases, 239; oath, 245, 246; on freedmen, 252-53; postwar rebuilding, 268; postwar resourcs, 358n 38. King, Thomas Butler, direct trade, 20.
King, William, 209; negotiations with Sherman, 204; peace emissary, Freedmen's Bureau, 350n 121.
King's Mountain iron works, xvii.
Kirkman and Hays (Tuscaloosa), 134.
Knight, Jacob B. and Benjamin, gin factory, 221.
Knoxville, siege, 96-98.
Labor, see Appendix C; Fries's mill, 44; in depots, 9; Macon, 44, Athens factory, 44-45; Crenshaw Woolen Mill, 61; Petersburg siege, 219-20; Columbus, 222-23; cotton industry, 248, 300n 3. Conditions: 151-52, 198; Georgia's repeal of regulations, 21; hours, xv, 198; work days, 152-53; mortality, 216; residencies, 215. Economics: costs, 62; wages, 215. Military: exemptions for workers, 44; losses to, 62-63. Workers: foreign, 61, 64; slaves, women, and childern, 151. Black workers: 62, hire to avoid details, 65; slave, 75, 151-52, 226; in Reconstruction, 254-56, 266, 279-80; black prisoners, 361n 103; contracts with factories, 367n 26. Children: 61, 216. Women: 204, 225; seamstresses, 69, 74, 81, 126, 191; deported, 204-205; Saluda, 214-16. Lafone, Henry, 175.
Lamar, Gazaway Bugg, 175, 241, 242, 260; contracts with bureau, 24;
Lamb, Colonel William, 169; postwar political career, 275.
Lancashire cotton famine, 160.
Landis, Major Absalom L., 230; supplied Cleburne's division, 126.
Lauderdale County, Alabama, factories destroyed, 188.
Lawlin Excelsior Gas (Charlotte), 75. Lawrence, Amos A., Radical view of Reconstruction, 244.
Lawrenceburg factory, 231; burned, 201.
Lawton, Alexander R., 77, 88-89, 98, 212, 278; problems, 91, 93-94; strategic planning, 95; New South career, 287-88; Stoneman's raid, 355n 226. Dealings with states: Vance, 109-114, 119-121; Virginia, 117; Florida, 115.
Mobilization: 100, rationalizes procurement, 102, 108-109; orders Cunningham to control Lower South mills, 105; full, 123-25; railroads, 98, 341n 94. Supply issues: Lee's army, 95; rationed military cloth, 105-108; issues to armies (1864), 125, 127; Longstreet debacle, 98; imports, 156, 157, 165-66, 169, 174, 176; debt problems, 208. System of production: plans, 98-99, idle machinery survey, 141; uniform contracts, 108; impressed machinery, 140; imporations of machines, 177-78. Lea, R. M., Federal Treasury agent, 239.
Leach and Avery, hat factory, 220.
Leak, John W., manufacturer, 60. Lee, General Robert E. 35, 36, 37, 224; controversy with Myers, 46, 47; winter supply (1862-1863), 83; Knoxville campaign, 95, 98; quartermaster losses, 170. Lee, Hutson, 10, 71, 85; wool impressment in Charleston, 38.
Leman, W., 212.
Lenoir, William, 230; factory destroyed, 350n 113.
Letcher, Governor John, 43.
Lieber, Francis, formulated rules of war, 186, 346n 26.
Lincoln, Abraham, 180, 230; blockade of Confederacy, 15.
Lineback, F. W., machinery imports, 144.
Lincolnton factory, burned, 225.
Linton, John S., manufacturer, 24.
Longstreet, General James, east Tennessee campaign, 95-98.
Looms, manufactured in Confederacy, 135-136.
Louisville Courier-Journal, on New South, 283.
Lowell, as an example, 264.
Lubbock, Governor Francis, promotion of manufacturing, 147.
Lynch and Calender, Virginia cotton famine (1864), 104-105.
Macfarlan, Allen, 19.
Machinery, 102, 135, 183, 220, 223, 231, 249, 268, 275; blankets, 177; card clothing, 137; dearth of, 81, 265; depreciation, 120-21; importations, 40, 55, 66, 112, 141-44, 146-48; 150, 173, 358n 31; inactive, 141; in mills, 64, 141, Appendix A and B; manufactured, 135, 137, 153, 188-89; shoe, 103; spare parts, 147, 157; used, 138-39. Macon factory, labor, 44; prices, 55.
Macon, Georgia, 221; produced machinery, 189.
Madison Steam Factory Cotton Mill, prison, 181.
Mahone, William, 275.
Makepeace, George, 131, 269; manufactured spools, 133.
Mallett, Colonel Peter, 75.
Mallory, Secretary Stephen, 86-87; cloth purchases, 101; Crenshaw line, 164.
Manasssas, suppplies lost, 34.
Manchester factory (North Carolina), 60.
Manchester Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Company (Richmond), 48; wool scarcity, 30-31; profits, 61-62; blockade-running 171; refurbished, 270.
Manufacturers, 3, 14, 17, 19, 201-203; politics, xxi; foreign and Northern birth, 248; oath of loyalty, 244-51. Confederate relations: 119, 213, 247; coersion of, 345n 17. Critics: charges of extortion, 27, 47-50; New South roles, 286. Economics activities: 18, 236; anti-strike, 21; disperse cotton, 15, 239; secession panic, 16; inflation, 48; adopt auctions, 51; opposition to price controls, 54-56; claims, 365n 1; losses by war, 234.
Manufacturing, 118, 252, 254, 275; depots, 11; impact of war, 151; new industrial city, 145; parts and supplies, 131; promotion, 245, 301n 1; state efforts, 114; see also manufacturers, Confederate Quartermaster Department. Manufacturing and Direct Trade Association of the Confederate States, 14.
Manufacturing Association of the Confederate States, 57, 130.
Marsh, Edwin W., 284.
Marsh, Spencer, 197.
Marshall, Stephen, 208.
Martin and Weakley factory, 21, 234.
Martin, James G., North Carolina adjutant general, 111.
Martin, James, Alabama manufacturer, 187, 269.
Mason, James M., Confederate commissioner, 146-47, 165, 172.
Matamoras, Mexico, blockade-running, 25, 145.
Matoaca factory, 63, 198, 219; postwar capital, 268.
Maury, General Dabney, 104; investigated fraud charges, 73-74.
May, James, 63.
Maynard, George F., secured supplies on Gettysburg campaign, 84.
McCall, E. J., bobbin works, 134.
McClellan, General George B., Peninsula campaign, 34.
McClure, Alexander K., 283.
McCook, General Edward, 221
McCue, J. Marshall, 172.
McCulloch, Secretary Hugh, 236, 240, 242; seizures of property, 237.
McDonald, John M., 119; pardon petitions, 248.
McDougal, John, 283-84.
McElwee, Thomas B., 269.
McGehee, Mary Burruss, protest letters, 191-92.
McGehee, Edward, 280, mill burned, 190-91; pardon petition, 250.
McGehee, John, 190-91.
McIlwaine, Archibald Graham, Virginia manufacturer, xix, 63, 246-47; leased naval rope walk, 139.
McLean, Colonel Eugene E., background, 103; exonerated Hirsch, 69-70; investigated Barbour, 72; evaluation (Montgomery depot) 103, (Selma) 103-104, (Dalton) 126.
McMinnville, Tennessee, raid, 187; mill burned, 189.
McNeill, Thomas E., advocated more machinery in Confederacy, 156.
McPherson, General James B., 192.
McRae, Colin J., 157, 165, 168, 173; Treasury agent, 146; cost of European supply, 178; wanted European accounts audited, 162-63.
Meade, General George Gordon, 95; in Pennsylvania, 84.
Mebane, Giles, 259.
Meigs, Henry C., Columbus, Georgia, urged War Department to get wool for factories, 31.
Memminger, Secretary Christopher, 19, 22, 223, 322n 1; not prompt in payments, 13; provided bonds to North Carolina, 146.
Memphis, manufacturing, 28; seized by Union, 32.
Mendenhall, Nathan B., machinery imports, 143-144.
Mendenhall, Nathan R., 75.
Mercer, General Hugh W., investigated fraud, 69.
Merrell, Henry, xxi, 50, 146, 194, 199-200, 249, 284; critic of Confederate policy, 29, 39, 40, 131, 155-56; on labor, 152, 255-56, 361n 101; machinery, 15, 141, 145-56; war conditions at mill, 26, 50, 151, 202.
Merritt, General Wesley, 218.
Metcalf, Thomas S., 240-41, 340n 58.
Metcalfe, James K., plantation mill, 148.
Mexico, commerce with New Orleans, 24-25; cotton mills, 309n 143.
Meyer, Isias C., machinery imports, 143.
Micou, Benjamin, manufacturer, 195.
Miles, Congressman William Porcher, 6, 47, 87, 212; inquiry about "extortion," 64, 82. Miliary socialism, 42; press reports, 44; opposed by Gregg, 54; endorsed by Vance, 57; Lawton's uniform controls, 108-109.
Military prisons, factories, 181; Bay Springs factory, 183.
Mill communities, xx, xxi, 182; impact of war, 151; size, 181; wartime conditions, 200; Union sentiment, 347n 59.
Milledgeville, Georgia, 208-209.
Miller, William A., 144; Lawton's North Carolina agent, 118, 120; summary of report, 118-119, Appendix B.
Miller, Congressman Samuel A., 127.
Miller, Pitzer, 230, 231.
Mills, see Cotton Mills; 22, evacuated, 194-95; military prisons, 181, 183; loss of workers, 43; Fries's profits, 59; supplies, 133; ceased to deliver to Confederacy, 207; postwar capital, 268-69.
Milner and Wood, 138, outfitted volunteer troops, 25.
Milton, Governor John, wool impressment, 38; control of factory, 115.
Mims, Livingston, 68; wool at Jackson, 33; full mobiliztion, 124.
Mims, Shadrack, 243; rebuilds, 269.
Minter, Joseph F., purchase of Texas wool, 30.
Minty, Colonel Robert H. G., 223.
Mississippi River, threat of Union incursions, 31; impact of closing, 32.
Mississippi, depots, 100; factories, 104; attempt to control factories, 115; full mobilization, 124; destruction of towns, 189; constitutional convention, 257.
Mississippi Manufacturing Company, 134, 136.
Mississippi penitentiary, burned, 192.
Mitchell, General Robert B., 183.
Mobile Advertiser and Register, 73, 158.
Mobilization, 119-22, 124-25; Lawton endorses, 105-107; uniform contracts, 108; factories defy, 122-23; example, 368n 37, 341n 94; see Cotton Mills, Alexander R. Lawton.
Mobs, seek clothing, 202-203.
Molineux, Edward L., 241.
Montgomery, Alabama, 220; depot, 103; iron works, xvii.
Montgomery, James, 134; charters new mill, 142.
Montgomery, William, 230, 231.
Moore, Governor Andrew B., troops absent at Bull Run for lack of uniforms, 22.
Moore, Governor Thomas O., 6.
Moore, J. B., 72.
Morehead, John M., 117-18, 245; purchase of cotton mill, 140; pardon petition, 248.
Morgan, Ephraim S., 134.
Morgan, General John Hunt, 76, 229, 230.
Morgan, Samuel D., 230, 284.
Mossy Creek factory, 223.
Motoaca factory, Virginia state contracts, 116.
Mound Prairie, Confederate manufacturing city, 145.
Mount Lebanon Manufracturing Company, 262, 284.
Munger, Sylvester S., 149, 270; on black factory labor, 254-55.
Murchison, Duncan, 60, 234.
Murchison, John, 270.
Myers, Abraham C., 34, 62-63, appointment, 4-7; opulent lifestyle, 7-8; in Richmond, 9; congressional friends, 6, 87. Criticism and controversy: 12, 22, 42; clothing scarcity, 39; controversy with Lee over exemptions, 46, 47; charges against Wise, 77-78, 80; sued Jefferson Davis, 91. Personnel: field appointments (1861), 10; exonerated Alabama quartermaster, 68; appointed wool impressment officers, 38. Politics and policies: 4, 11, 13, 20; rejection of proffered contracts, 12, 22; plan of supply, 14; first offer of contracts, 21-23; sought European supply (1861), 24; opposed private efforts, 26; accepted aid from states, 27; could not replenish combat losses (1862), 35, 77; grant of broad powers to regional quartermasters, 40; growth of influence, 42; control of details, 43-46; responsible for control of mill profits, 54, 65; policy fell short of full mobilization, 76; endorsed reforms, 82-83; charged by Whig with lack of planning and energy, 79-81; sought control of North Carolina mills, 110-111. Removal: 85-91, 322n 204, 322n 206; rising hostility, 66; undermined by charges of department fraud, 76; lost Army's confidence, 83, 85; New South career, 287. Wool famine; 37-38; contract with Vance and Brother, 31; Texas wool, 30, 33.
Myers, A. and W., 74.
Myers, Abraham, North Carolina quartermaster, mills under control, 118, 123; fraud charged, 74.
Myers, Marion Twiggs, wife of Abraham C. Myers, 85; controversy with Varina Howell Davis, 85-86.
Nashville, supplies lost, 34.
Natchez, Mississippi, raid, 190.
Natchez Cotton Mills Company, 284.
National Bank of the Republic, 241.
Navy Department, Vaucluse factory, 101; bakery, 101; rope walk, 139, 332n 53; iron works, 222.
Neill, Frederick and James, 243.
Nelson, H. T., bobbins and spools, 133-34.
New Bern mill, 138, 141.
New Braunfels, Texas, manufacturing, 358n 31.
New Manchester factory, Georgia, 18, 197; wagons assaulted, 202; burned, 203.
New Orleans, supplies lost, 34.
New South, philosophy, 262-63.
New York Herald, xvi, 131, 189, 210,
216.
New York Times, 278.
Newlin, John, 60.
Nichols, Major George, on Saluda factory, 213-15.
Nicholson, Samuel and Thomas, 283.
Nisbet, Eugenius A., 278; lobbied Confederate government for duty free machinery, 20; on freedmen, 253; pardon petition, 250.
Nisbet, James A., 250, 278.
Nordhoff, Charles, 282.
North Carolina, 53, 84, 109, 114, 118; price controls, 58-59; resisted mobilization, 109; importation of parts, 112, 147; census of mills, 118-19, Appendix B; fraud charged, 74; clothing issues, 123-24; 319n 149, 330n 173; Reconstruction, 259, 260, 263, 277, 362n 119, 362n 115, 363n 129; New South mills, 285.
North, James H., on commissions, 161-61.
North Port factory, prison, 181.
Northorp, Lucius, 6, 93, 108; controlled 8 factories, 100-1;see Commissary Department.
Nutting, Charles, A., 278; pardon petition, 246.
O'Neill, George, acceptance of price controls, 59-60.
Oconee factory, labor, 45.
Ohlmans, L., machinery imports, 144.
Ordnance Department, shipping line, 158; loss of blockade-runners, 341n 77; 342n 97; success of blockade-running, 337n 13.
Orr, A. F., 32.
Orr, James Lawrence., 262; Reconstruction policy, 264-65.
Owl Hollow factory, 269.
Oxford, Alabama, mill burned, 221.
Pace, James B., 23, 140; surveyed Southern mills, 35-36; sought idle machinery, 139; oath, 245. Palmer, Colonel William, 225.
Paper mills, xvii, xx; Bath, 22; North Carolina, 117; burned, 222.
Pardon petitions, 245-51.
Parks, William, 230, 231-32.
Patterson, Rufus, 259-60.
Patton, Robert, 184; mill profits, 56; pardon petition, 251; governor, 258, 262; Reconstruction policy, 263-64.
Patton, Charles H., pardon petition, 250-51.
Peirce, William W., 111, 113, 226; North Carolina quartermaster, 75; reported to both North Carolina and Richmond, 111.
Perry, Benjamin, 258, 277; provisional governor, 257.
Perry, William, 35, 277; on black suffrage, 258.
Petersburg, cotton mills, 63, 219, 354n 193; besieged, 117; home guards, 197-98; mills burned, 199; quotas to Clothing Bureau (spring, 1864), 329n 149.
Pettigrew, General James Johnston, sought shoes at Gettysburg, 85.
Pettus, Governor John, 192.
Phifer, Caleb, 138; mill, 119; on freedmen, 253.
Phinizy and Company, 340n 58.
Pierepont, Governor Francis H., 262, 243.
Pillow, General Gideon, 187.
Pink, slave mill worker, 254.
Pioneer Card Manufacturing Company, 137.
Plant, J. C., 142; made card clothing, 136.
Planters, mentality of Confederate government, 131; scarcity of goods, 48, 202; interest of manufacturers, xx.
Polk, General Lenonidas, 287.
Pollard, Edward A., fraud in Quartermaster Department, 67; Myers-Davis controversy, 85-86.
Populism, Benjamin Tillman and manufacturing, 368n 36; New South problems, 287.
Potter, John M., pardon petition, 249-50.
Powell, Isaac, exemptions, 44.
Power, Lowe, and Company, see British merchants.
Powers, William H., 270.
Prather and Snapp factory, 232.
Pratt, Daniel, xviii, 3, 18, 135, 258, 276, 284; manufacturer, xxi; called convention of manufacturers, 19; dressed local troops, 25; manufactured bobbins, 134; machinery imports, 144; home guard, 195; losses, 236; pardon petition, 250; rebuilds, 269; black laborers, 280. Press, on price controls, 54-55; deprivations, 78, 79.
Prices, control of profits, 47, 59; debate over, 52-53; North Carolina, 56-57, avoidance by Gregg, 65; avoidance by Henry Atwood, 65; Lawton's calculation, 120-21; inflation, 27; 314n 65; see Cotton Mills, Profits and Losses; see Profits.
Price, General Sterling, 183; property destruction, 180-81.
Prisoners, 180, 226.
Private aid, for soldiers, 12-13.
Production, Atlanta depot, 100; Lower South mills, 103; Lawton's controls, 108-109; North Carolina mills, 118; Trans-Mississippi, 148; north Alabama mills, 185; Richmond Clothing Bureau, 310n 176. Profits, Graniteville, 56; Augusta, 56, 66, 213; Fries's factory, 59; Richmond and Petersburg mills, 61-64; charges of excess, 64; Crenshaw Woolen Mill, 64; blockader-runners, 175-76; James River factory, 314n 6; English commission merchants, 343n 106; see Price controls.
Putnam, Sallie, on Richmond riots, 203. Quarles, General William, barefooted men, 126. Quartermaster Department, see Abraham C. Myers and Alexander R. Lawton; 4, 8, 187; reform efforts, 82-83. Fraud: 68-74. Lack of planning: 39, 76-77, 78. Personnel: 8, 9, 10; support for Myers's promotion, 87-88. Problems: 13, 27, 66-67, 70, 78, 91, 95; foreign competition with Ordnance, 159; state quartermasters, 320n 167; agreements with Commissary and Navy over rationing, 106; protests against reorganization, 320n 168; arson, 199. Productivity: 28, 81, 83-84; losses on blockade-runners, 170; resisted importations of machinery, 153; receipts (1862), 310n 176; supplies imported, 343n 105; paid below market prices, 63; percentage of Lower South goods taken, 103. Tran-Mississippi: 32, 39-40, 148-50. Radical Republicans, 273.
Railroad Bureau, Lawton assumed control, 96-97, 341n 94; precedent for later action, 341n 94, 368n 37.
Railroads, 104, 245, 257, 263, 273, 280, 366n 8; mechanical systems, 98-99; limited capacity, 98, 172; decline, 94; uniform schedules and through trains, 97; threat of seizure, 237; seizure, 341n 94; reconstruction issue, 363n 129; for individual railroads see 10, 14, 30, 96, 192, 193, 201, 208, 211, 220, 230, 231, 274. Randolph, Secretary George Wythe, 44; supported of Lee on details issue, 46; supply problems and dismissal, 319n 157.
Rawhide, Hardin County, Tennessee, mill destroyed, 187.
Ray, Melinda, mill worker, 217.
Reagan, Secretary John H., 22.
Reconstruction, efforts at rebuilding, 267; editors and academics argue for technology, 362n 106, 363n 135.
Regiments, official count, 303n 33.
Rentch, Daniel S., 218.
Reynolds, General Joseph J., 189.
Reynolds, Richard Joshua, 284.
Richmond, prices compared with Fayetteville, 61.
Richmond factory (Georgia), 11, 140, 197, 215. Richmond Whig, 61, 81; critic of manufacturers, 50; campaign for price controls, 60-61; attack on Quartermaster Department, 78-79;
Richmond Enquirer, 61, 77; newspaper's relationship to Myers's assistant, 9; secession panic, 16; support for Myers, 79; Myers-Davis controversy, 89; supply dilemma, 92.
Richmond Examiner, 172; endorsement of profit controls, 60-61; on Myers-Davis controversy, 89-90.
Ritchie, Thomas, 9.
Roanoke Island, 77.
Robinson, General James S., burned mill, 213.
Rome, Georgia, raid, 187; factory burned, 206.
Roosevelt, Theodore, on New South problems, 287.
Roswell factory, 25, 131, 134, 205; goods in North, 14; secession panic, 16; wool scarcity, 30; price reductions, 51; arson, 198-99; burned, 204; plundered, 205; oath taking, 245.
Royston, Arkansas, 199-200.
Ruffin, Francis (Frank) G., 164, 169, 276, commissary contracts, 176; imports (fall, 1864), 344n 136.
Runge, Henry and Herman, 149.
Russell, William J., 18.
Sacks, grain and sand, 63, 101.
Salem factory (Fries), profits, 59; community raided, 225.
Salem Manufacturing Company, sold, 140.
Salisburg factory, as a prison, 181; raid, 226.
Saluda factory, 214-16, 270; need for military exemptions, 43.
Saunders, George N. 340n 56.
Scarcity, parts, 132-33; dry goods, 352n 168; see wool.
Schley, George, 11-12, 241, 242; mill burned, 139; machinery imports, 143; home guard, 197.
Schley, William, 278-79.
Scott, Isaac, 18, 249; petitions to import duty free machinery, 14.
Scott, George P., 22.
Scott's factory, evacuated by Navy, 194-95.
Secession panic, economic problems, 3-4, interruption of Northern trade, 16; see manufacturers.
Seddon, Secretary James, 80, 88, 166, 196; General Order No. 23, 82; concern over Longstreet campaign, 96; approves moibiliztion, 105; authorizes Virginia purchases, 116; Huse, 162; Crenshaw line, 168; private contracts, 176.
Segregation, origins in New South, 367n 23.
Seixas, James M., 165; quartermaster at Wilmington, 10; relieved, 171.
Selma, 220; depot and shoe factory, 103.
Seven Islands factory, wagons taken by women, 202.
Seward, Secretary William, debts, 258.
Shand House, assault, 220.
Sharkey, Judge William L., 192, 257.
Sharp, Thomas, agent to buy European machinery, 177.
Sharp, Colonel S. A., 225.
Shaw, John, 59, 60.
Sheridan, General Philip, assault on the Valley, 218.
Sherman, General William T., 117, 190, 192-93, 240; supported stern military code, 185-86; view of Confederate supply, 190; Georgia campaign, 203; at Roswell, Georgia, 204; march to the sea, 208-11; spares Milledgeville, 210-11; at Columbia, 213-16; damage of railroads, 263; possible elimination of competition, 350n 119; comparison of Sherman's material damage to that of Bragg, 351n 145.
Shoal Creek, Alabama, destruction, 188.
Shoddy, cloth, 177.
Shoe factories, xviii, 131, 209, 222, Atlanta, 100.
Shoes, 81, 85, 97, 103, 113, 115, 125-27, 145, 159, 167, 170, 221; need, 79; lack in Kershaw's division (September, 1864), 329n 153; imported (1864), 112, 178-79; distributions, 103, 115.
Shorter, Governor John Gill, 56, 184; manufacture of cards, 137; machinery imports, 143. Shuttle manufacture, 134.
Sibley, Josiah, 240.
Simmons, James, 260, 278; opposed secession in Georgia, 3.
Simpson and Moore, 134, 206-207.
Slaughter, Montgomery, 183-84.
Slave states, resources and comparisons, xiii-xix. Slaves, 75, 214, 222, 221, 248; in cotton mills, xv, 152, 216; slaveholdings, xx; replace machines, 265; arming proposed, 196; follow Sherman's army, 206.
Sloan, James, 111, 118; quartermaster, 58; wool famine, 30.
Slocum, General Henry W., 208, 217.
Smith, Larkin, background, 9; visits wool mills in North Carolina, 22. Smith, General Edmund Kirby, 73, 145; promotion of manufacturing, 147; Trans-Mississippi Clothing Bureau, 148, 243.
Smith, James Q., Federal attorney, 242-43.
Smith, Gustavus W., 237.
Smoot, L. R., Virginia state quartermaster, 116.
Snow, Dexter, woolen mill, 139-40.
Socks, 126, 128, 159; knitted by hand, 25.
Sock factories, 123, 126, 222; capacity, 150-51.
Soldiers' Board of Relief, 212.
Somers, Robert, postwar South, 233-36; race in mills, 256.
Sorrell, Colonel Gilbert Moxley, planning Longstreet's western campaign, 95-96.
South Carolina, new wartime mill chartered, 142; mill communities, 200; constitutional convention, 258; "Redemption," 277; New South mills, 284-85.
Southern Confederacy, on extortion, 27.
Southern Claims Commission, 365n 1.
Southern Shoe Factory, xviii.
Sparrow, Senator Edward, supported Myers attacked Lawton, 82, 90. Special Field Orders, No. 120 (Union), issued by Sherman in Georgia, 203; No. 310 (Confederate), by Lawton, 227.
Speculation, 51, 56-57, attacked, 27, 49; in Richmond, 61; on government accounts, 69.
Stanely, General David S., raid, 187.
Stanton, Secretary Edwin, 186, 188, 230.
Starbuck, D. H., 259-60.
State activities, quartermasters and voluntary distributions, 26; fraud charged, 74-76; purchasing districts, 82; control of mills and manufacturing, 101, 109, 146-50. Staunton, depot and woolen mill, 81; base for Gettysburg campaign, 84.
Steadman, Enoch, 17, 201, 262, 279, 280; endorsement of profit controls, 60; Governor Brown seized goods, 114; machinery imports, 144-45; Reconstruction political slogans, 363n 127.
Stephens, Alexander, 11, 209; on Georgia manufacturing, xiv.
Stern and Company, 72-73;
Stevenson, Vernon K., 10-11, 28, 284; Texas wool, 30; evacuation of Nashville, 34. Stoneman, General George, 223; raid, 220, 223-27; 355n 226.
Stowe, Jasper, 275-77; on government prides, 66; opposed Confederate encroachments, 120.
Streight, Colonel Abel D., raid, 187.
Stuart, Alexander H. H., 262, 275-77; sought investigation of Staunton depot, 81.
Subsistance Bureau, see Commissary Department.
Sumner, General Edwin V., 183-84.
Supplies, Lower South, 36; to armies (1864), 125, 128; Army of Tennessee, 126-27; imported, 343n 105; see Clothing issues.
Supply Importing Company (Richmond), 171.
Swepson, George, 276.
Swift, George P., 221, 271; postwar capital, 268.
Taber, William B., 185.
Tallapoosa factory, burned, 221.
Tallasee factory, 22, 24, 104, 143, 195-96, 206-207, 243-43; site of arsenal, 181-82.
Tannenbaum, Joseph, machinery imports, 143.
Tate, Thomas R., 60.
Tate, Sam, 230.
Tax-in-kind, limited effectiveness in securing wool, 38-39.
Taylor, James E., Union artist, 214.
Taylor, Richard, endorsed Myers for quartermaster genral, 6.
Telegraph, 300n 1.
Tennessee, xiv, 200; New South mills, 284-85. Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Land Company, 283.
Tennessee River, raids on, 187-88.
Texas Almanac, 149, 255; manufacturing in New South, 267.
Texas prison factory, 28-29, 361n 103; product, 29; postwar penitentiary, 270. Texas, quartermaster activities, 40; new manufacturing city, 145; patronage of cotton mills, 147-50.
Thayer, Eli, Reconstruction policy, 235. Thomas, A., manufacturer, 201, 224.
Thompson, John, black labor in mill, 254.
Thompson, Methvin S., 278.
Tift, Nelson A., 237, 276, 278.
Tillinghast, Sarah Ann, seamstress, 25.
Tillman, Benjamin, 287.
Tillson, David, 184.
Tobey, Edward Silas, 244.
Tompkins, Daniel Augustus, 240, 283.
Torrey, John, 149.
Total war, concept, 186.
Trans-Mississippi, development of manufacturing, 145-48.
Treasury Department, arrears to Quartermaster Department, 92, 350n 133.
Tredegar Iron Works, xvii.
Trenholm, George, 19, 175, 216; on freedmen, 253-54. Trion factory, 44, 197, 284.
Trowbridge, John T., postwar South, 233; on freedmen, 252.
Tucker, Beverley, blockade running, 340n 56.
Turner, Thomas M., 197.
Turner, Wilfred, 15, 225, 246; on freedmen, 251-52;
petitioned Johnson to accept state contracts, 256-57.
Tuscaloosa, quartermaster activities, 40-41.
Tuscaloosa factory, burned, 220-21.
Tuscumbia, Alabama, raid, 187.
Tyler, Texas, factory, 148.
Union army, military offensive in 1862, 33-34; early policy towards mills, 180-83; clothing issues, 308n 124.
Union Manufacturing Company (North Carolina), 147; debt, 236.
Unionist sentiment, 347n 59.
Valentine, Mann S., sought wool, 31.
Valentine's Factory, destroyed, 187.
Vance & Brother, Texas wool contractors, 31.
Vance, Governor Zebulon, 38, 224; brings wool through blockade, 30; asserts control over mills, 35, 118; favors government control of mills, 52, 57-58; aids Confedercy, 98, 121; conflict with Myers and Lawton, 110-11; feud with Davis, 113-14, 120; state quota, 118; manufacture of hand cards, 137-38; agents to England, 146; Collie line, 173; Confederate debt, 208; clothing issues, 330n 173.
Varnish and lamp black, 133;
Vaucluse factory, xx; secession panic, 16; exemptions, 45; navy contracts, 108.
Vicksburg Sun, on extortion, 27.
Vidaurri, Santiago, 25.
Virginia, woolen and carding mills, xvi, 104; extortion debates, 61-62, 64; state need for clothing, 116; full mobilization, 124; "Redemption," 276; New South mills, 285.
Voluntary efforts, clothing, 25-26, 80, 307n 110.
Waco Manufacturing Company, seized, 238.
Wages, mill workers, 215; see labor, workers. Wagner, Theodore D., xx, 203; charters new mill, 142.
Waitzfelder, Ezekiel and Michael, 209.
Walker, Secretary Leroy Pope, 4, 11-12; invited state aid, 26.
Walker, General William Henry, 11-12.
Waller, Richard P., 121, 168, 170, 176, Clothing Bureau, 9; Southwestern mills, 23; wool, 33, 38; Virginia mills, 36, 104; activities in Bermuda, 157, 174, 178.
Ward, A. J., 149.
Warrior factory, burned, 221. Washington, John C., 138.
Washington, Major Thornton A., 150; authority in Trans-Mississippi district, 38-40.
Washington Telegraph, critical of manufacturers, 50.
Washington woolen mill, 218. Watson, James, shortage of parts, 131.
Watterson, Harvey M., 234, 283.
Watts, Governor Thomas H., 195; control of state mills, 101, 115-16.
Waynmanville factory, 221, 271; black labor, 280.
Weakley, Samuel D., 187.
Webb, John, exchange yarns for wool, 31.
Webb, James, factory sale, 138.
Weisiger, Oscar T., Richmond Clothing Depot, 107.
Welch, Israel, sought profit limitations, 64.
Wesson, James M., 193, 201, 284, Bankston depot, 104; made card clothing, 136.
West, A. M., Mississippi quartermaster, 115.
Wharton, Major E. C., Texas quartermater, 150.
Wheeler, General Joseph, 211.
White, John, 146, 167; North Carolina foreign agent, 138.
White, John A., Georgia manufacturere, pardon petition, 249.
Whitin, John C., 268.
Whiting, General William H., 113, 169.
Wigfall, Senator Louis T., supported Myers against Davis, 87, 90.
Wilcox, John A., 149.
Willard, William H., 248.
William, John D., 19; oath, 245.
Willis, Edward, 71; quartermaster at Charleston, 35.
Wilson, General James H., 252; raid, 220-23.
Wilson, Peter A., 111.
Wilson, Woodrow, on New South problems, 287; father in war, 315n 84.
Winchester, Tennessee, mill destroyed, 187.
Winder, Provost Martial General John Henry, 143; martial law in Richmond, 48;
Winnemore, Isaac T., 38, 68, 165, 167, 302n 22; quartermaster at New Orleans, 10, 34; Augusta, 36; charged with fraud, 68-69.
Winship, J. and R., looms manufactured, 135.
Winslow, General Edward F., 222.
Winter, John G., xx.
Wise, General Henry A., 78, 219; altercation with Myers, 77, 80.
Wittemore, Amos, inventor, 136.
Wolfe, Samuel M., xiii.
Women, see cotton mills; women's war, see Varina Howell Davis and Marion Twiggs Myers.
Wood & Brother, Valley company, 34.
Wood, Major D. H., charged with fraud, 70.
Wood Lawn factory, yarn into socks, 123;
Woodville, Mississippi, factory, 190-91.
Wool famine, may be followed at xiv, xx, 15, 21, 23-24, 27, 29-31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 62, 64, 81, 138, 160, 218, 224, 307n 97.
Worth, Jonathan, 207, 246, 259-60, 262, 270, 276-77; Reconstruction policy, 263.
Yarn, North Carolina production, 118; yields in mobilization, 122.
Young, John A., 22; orders parts from England, 15; wool shortage, 29; challenged Vance on price controls, 58.
Young, Wriston, and Orr, 58; defend prices, 52; machinery imports, 142-43.
Young, William H., 221, 234, 282; pardon petition, 248-49.