Carpenter Cousins Y-DNA Project

To join: http://www.familytreedna.com/surname_join.asp?code=S82066
Note: paragraphs highlighted in yellow are new or recently updated. Paragraphs highlighted in gray were new or updated in the previous release.

This page last updated: 2008 May 12
Web page maintainer: John F. Chandler
© Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by the Carpenter Cousins Y-DNA Project
 
Table of Contents

Background

This Y-DNA project was started in September 2002 after a Carpenter discussion group was held in Clearwater, Florida. One item of discussion was how Y-DNA research could help Carpenter genealogy. Some of the most important questions where Y-DNA testing could help were:

It was determined that an informal organization without dues be set up, to allow a wide range of participants and flexibility in growth. We knew that the project would start off slowly and grow based on member participation. We have used word of mouth and on-line discussion groups to advertise the project. No one is paid for working on this project; all are volunteers.

This project will grow as members encourage other Carpenters to submit their Y-DNA. There are many Carpenter lines yet to be documented and linked.

Please note that this web page is a work in progress. We make additions and corrections continually. Please do not copy this page elsewhere, in whole or in part, since a separate copy will no longer partake of the progress we are making. You may freely link to this page for reference to the information it contains.

For more information about the study contact our project administrator/coordinator: John R. Carpenter.

To join the Carpenter Cousins Y-DNA Project:
http://www.familytreedna.com/surname_join.asp?code=S82066
 

Project News

  • 2008 Apr 30 - Results this month for 15106, 115325, 115770, 115919, 117042, 117231. Groups affected: 2, 7, 98.
  • 2008 Mar 31 - Results this month for N30841, N61350, 21005, 110194. Groups affected: 2, 3, 16, 99.
  • 2008 Feb 29 - Results this month for 6250, 9125, 12398, 24990, 37035, 46106, 110194, 111433. Groups affected: 2, 3, 98.
  • 2008 Jan 31 - Results this month for sm35, sm36, 107379, 107627. Groups affected: 3, 98.
  • 2007 Dec 31 - Results this month for 105588, 105813. Groups affected: 7, 99.
  • 2007 Nov 30 - Results this month for 98270, 100444, 100787. Groups affected: 8, 98, 99.
  • 2007 Oct 31 - Results this month for 14343, 37035, 100444, 100728, 101556. Groups affected: 3, 7, 98, 99.
  • 2007 Sep 30 - Results this month for 82457, 94860, 96402, 98270. Groups affected: 2, 7, 8, 99.
  • 2007 Aug 31 - Results this month for sm26, sm28, sm29, 94392. Groups affected: 3, 5, 18.
  • 2007 Jul 31 - Results this month for 94392. Groups affected: 18.
  • 2007 Jun 30 - Results this month for N49783, 6803, 12398, 80946, 82457. Groups affected: 2, 3, 98.
  • 2007 May 31 - Results this month for N41992, N49783, 6250, 9125, 24990, 78907, 82457, 88262, 88302, 88543. Groups affected: 2, 3, 7, 15, 98.
  • 2007 Apr 30 - Results this month for N10857, 78860, 82457, 82464. Groups affected: 2, 16, 17, 98.
  • 2007 Mar 31 - Results this month for N39254, 78907, 81280, 82464. Groups affected: 2, 17, 98, 99.
  • 2007 Feb 28 - Results this month for 9462, 81027, 81280. Groups affected: 3, 17, 99.
  • 2007 Jan 31 - Results this month for N41992, 5853, 48562, 65283, 76182, 77358, 77371, 77383, 78150, 78860, 80194. Groups affected: 2, 3, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 98.

Brief Explanation

For those who are unfamiliar with DNA testing and its jargon, here is a brief description. DNA in the cell nucleus is organized into objects called chromosomes. Humans have 46, including two that determine each person's sex: if these are X and X, the person is female; if X and Y, male. The Y chromosome is passed virtually unchanged from father to son through the generations and forms the basis for this test.

Because the Y inheritance scheme is the same as the traditional surname inheritance in our society, we expect to find that all males with the same family surname will have the same Y chromosome as well. One obvious exception is the case of two unrelated families that happen to have the same surname. By testing many Carpenters, it should be possible to separate them all into the various families. The DNA test simply measures the lengths of certain specific sequences on the Y chromosome. Comparing the results will reveal how closely the test subjects are related to each other, if at all. These sequences are smaller than genes and have no known genetic function. Thus, the test is not designed to reveal any physical characteristics or innate tendencies.

MORE JARGON: A list of these lengths for a given individual is called a HAPLOTYPE. The sequences themselves are called MARKERS or LOCI (plural of LOCUS) and have names bestowed by a scientific panel. A typical name is "DYS393" (where the "Y" indicates that the marker is on the Y chromosome). Note: the term "haplotype" should not be confused the similar-sounding term HAPLOGROUP. Haplogroup classification is based on a completely different type of marker that is much more stable. It is usually possible to guess the haplogroup from the haplotype, but there is no direct connection.
 

Methodology

Since the Y chromosome is inherited virtually unchanged, why are there any differences at all? The answer is mutation. These particular sequences have been chosen because they tend to mutate very rapidly (compared to most DNA). The current understanding is that each locus can be expected to mutate (typically by getting longer or shorter by one unit) about once in 500 generations on average. This is obviously a slow process compared to the time scale of genealogy, but it is actually quite rapid compared to the time scale of evolution. Indeed, with many loci tested at the same time, two distant cousins are often found to differ by a step in some locus or other. We have to make allowances for that possibility, but the basic rule of thumb is that two people with many differences in their haplotypes are not related on the male side.

In a statistical sense, it is possible to estimate the amount of time since the common ancestor of any two males, simply by counting the differences between them. However, these estimates are hugely imprecise, and the only important calculation for genealogical purposes is the probability of a common ancestor recent enough to bear a surname (presumably the same as that of the descendants). If there is no common ancestor that recent, then the testees' sharing of a surname has to be regarded as a coincidence.
 

Results

The following are the DNA test results we have obtained so far. Nearly all are from FamilyTree DNA (FTDNA). We show the loci in the same order as FTDNA reports, even though it might be more logical to put them in numerical order. Not all test subjects have taken the 25-locus test, but comparisons can also be made on just 12 loci. Test subjects from other labs are represented by their YSEARCH identifiers (if found in the YSEARCH database) or by arbitrary codes beginning "sm" (if found in the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy database).

To allow viewing these results without side-to-side scrolling, they are divided into separate tables. Table 1 gives the loci included in FTDNA's 25-locus test (the recommended test for this project). Since most participants have followed the recommendation and tested at least to this level, Table 1 is almost completely filled in. Table 2 gives the loci included in two kinds of extensions to the recommended test: first, loci 26-37 available from FTDNA and, second, eleven more offered by SMGF or Relative Genetics. Table 3 gives yet another extension: loci 38-67 from FTDNA, which include two of the Sorenson loci shown in Table 2. For ease of comparison, the results for these two loci are displayed in both tables.

We have collected on a separate page the lineages of the participants in this project and, where possible, even of the indirect participants whose test results have been gleaned from public databases. These lineages have been linked together where possible (sometimes after a little negotiation and adjustment). They are organized into groups in the same way as the test results below. In Table 1, each kit number is a "clickable" link to the test subject's place in the appropriate tree on the lineage page (if available).

When a group has an identified common ancestor for most of its members, or when the DNA displays near-perfect agreement for all of it members, the ancestral haplotype is reconstructed by comparing the DNA of the relevant group members. For the purposes of this reconstruction, the disagreements are resolved by assuming the simplest possible pattern of mutations. The resulting haplotype is shown at the top of the group, on a background of the color assigned to the group and tagged with the forename of the known ancestor who had that haplotype (or tagged with a question mark if no such common ancestor is known). The ancestor in question, if known, is the most recent common ancestor of the test subjects in the group and is marked with red arrows on the group's lineage chart on our lineage page.

For example, see Group 18 in Table 1. The members agree exactly, and so the ancestral haplotype is the same as theirs, and it is labeled "John" because inspection of the lineages for the members reveals that their most recent common ancestor was John D. Carpenter, born in 1871 (marked with red arrows on the chart).

Within each group, the results that do not agree with the group consensus, if any, are colored gray. If there is no clear consensus, then the entire column is colored gray. For example, see the results for DYS439 and DYS458 in Group 11 in Table 1. Although there is a 2-to-1 "majority" in these two columns, we see from the lineages that the two members who agree with each other are descended from the same son and even the same grandson of the common ancestor, and so they really deserve only one "vote" shared between them, which leaves a tie vote for the ancestral pattern in those columns, and we color all three members' entries gray in those columns. At first glance, DYS464a would seem to be in the same situation, but we have determined that the ancestral value here was almost surely 11, rather than 14, because it is relatively easy for a multi-copy marker (like DYS464) to mutate so that one copy becomes the same as another, but it is extremely rare for a marker to mutate by three steps otherwise.

Note: this table reflects the change in nomenclature adopted by FTDNA on 2003 May 19 for the DYS464 complex.


 
Table 1. Carpenter haplotypes
(click on an arrow at the end of a row to see the continuation in Table 2)
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 1
Christopher 13 24 13 9 11 14 11 12 10 14 11 30 18 9 9 11 12 21 14 20 32 14 16 16 17
5543 13 24 13 9 11 14 11 12 10 14 11 30 18 9 9 11 12 21 14 20 32 14 16 16 17
6335 13 24 13 9 11 14 11 12 10 14 11 30 18 9 9 11 12 21 14 20 32 14 16 16 17
10336 13 24 13 9 11 14 11 12 10 14 11 30 18 9 9 11 12 21 14 20 32 14 16 16 17
Group 2 (Providence Carpenters)
William 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
6250 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
9125 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
9350 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
19426 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
24990 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
82457 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 12 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
117231 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
(genetically related to Group 2, but not connected genealogically)
11339 13 25 16 10 11 15 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
17994 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
78907 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
110194 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
Group 2A (Providence Carpenters - Joseph branch)
Joseph 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
5853 13 24 17 10 11 15 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 14 15 16 >
8847 13 24 17 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
9413 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
15106 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
25758 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
26027 13 24 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
N14886 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
sm07 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
(genetically related to Group 2A, but not connected genealogically)
16067 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
28001 13 24 16 10 11 15 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
74166 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
76182 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
sm17 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 2 or 3 - not yet properly assigned
63168 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
30352 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 16
N32193 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29
Group 3 (Rehoboth Carpenters)
William 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
5734 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
7615 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
9462 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
12398 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 31 11 14 15 17 >
13251 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
20419 13 25 16 11 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
37035 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 21 32 11 14 17 19 >
48562 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 30 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
66205 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
78150 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
88543 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
N30841 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 12 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
sm05 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
sm26 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
sm28 13 16 15 9 10 11 11 14 32 11 14 15 17 >
sm35 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 20 32 >
(genetically related to Group 3, but not connected genealogically)
6803 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 33 11 14 15 17 >
11245 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
17978 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
19915 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
19929 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
21907 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
35833 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17 >
44170 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
46037 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 31 11 14 15 17
52435 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
107379 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 11 14 15 17
107627 13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 30 11 14 15 17 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d		 4
6
4
e		 4
6
4
f
ID
Group 4
5983 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 29 12 14 14 15 16 16
9848 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 14 14 15 16 16
Group 5 (Swiss-American Hans Zimmermann)
Hans 14 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
6060 14 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15 >
14756 14 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 12 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
32283 14 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
44436 14 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
73497 14 23 15 10 16 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
sm29 23 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 8 9 11 24 20 >
(genetically related to Group 5, but not connected genealogically)
17011 14 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 9 11 11 24 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
53199 14 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 30
Group 6 (Virginia/Ohio Carpenters)
William 15 24 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 14 12 30 16 8 9 11 11 26 15 20 28 11 11 14 15
11230 15 24 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 14 12 30 16 8 9 11 11 26 15 20 28 11 11 14 15 >
11417 15 24 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 14 12 30 16 8 9 11 11 26 15 20 28 11 11 14 15 >
48346 15 24 15 10 15 16 11 13 11 14 12 30 16 8 9 11 11 26 15 20 28 11 11 14 15
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 7
?gp7 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
7252 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
15771 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
16270 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
17455 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18 >
19846 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
20393 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
22184 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
23381 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18 >
29850 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
34207 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
45818 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
65283 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
73211 13 23 14 11 11 11 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
88262 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18 >
88302 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18 >
94860 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
101556 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
105588 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 17
115325 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 29 15 16 16 18
knb8f 13 23 14 11 11 14 11 13 13 29 15 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 8 (Tidewater Virginia Carpenters)
?gp8 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
8026 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
17908 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
22317 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
23654 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
27552 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
31266 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
31891 14 26 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
33253 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 33 12 15 15 16
33350 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
77371 14 26 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16
98270 14 25 15 10 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 32 12 15 15 16 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 9 (Bern Swiss-American Zimmerman Line)
John 13 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
16675 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
16807 13 25 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
Group 10 (Shoemaker-Carpenter Line)
4823 13 23 14 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 17 18 >
17590 13 23 14 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 16 17 >
22681 13 23 14 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 29
9n8r4 13 23 14 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 17 18
sm08 13 23 14 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 17 18 >
Group 11 (More Swiss Zimmerman/Carpenters)
George 13 23 17 10 12 12 11 13 14 11 28 8 10 11 12 25 14 21 28 11 14 14 14
21795 13 23 17 10 12 12 11 13 14 14 11 28 16 8 10 11 12 25 14 21 28 14 14 14 14
22527 13 23 17 10 12 12 11 13 14 14 11 28 16 8 10 11 12 25 14 21 28 14 14 14 14
65320 13 23 17 10 12 12 11 13 13 14 11 28 17 8 10 11 12 25 14 21 28 11 14 14 14
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 12
Martin 13 22 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 18 29 15 16 17 18
20085 13 22 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 18 29 15 16 17 18
sm12 13 22 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 18 29 15 16 17 18 >
Group 13
Lee 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 16 16
38395 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 16 16
50309 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 16 16
Group 14 Zimmerman
80194 13 24 14 11 11 17 12 12 12 13 13 29
N8963 13 24 14 11 11 17 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 15 17 17 >
N25640 13 24 14 11 11 17 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 14 15 17 17 >
Group 15 (Southside Virginia [and other] Carpenters)
6583 13 24 14 11 12 13 12 12 11 13 14 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 16 16 16 17
57112 13 24 14 11 12 13 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 16 16 16 17
75287 13 24 14 11 12 13 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 16 16 16 17 >
77358 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 16 16 16 17
N41992 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 32 16 16 16 17
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 16 (South Carolina Carpenters)
21005 13 23 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18 >
78860 13 23 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18 >
Group 17 (French/German lines)
47565 13 22 15 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28
81027 13 22 15 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 >
N10857 13 22 15 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 >
N39254 13 22 15 10 14 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16
Group 18 (Vermont Carpenters)
John 14 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 23 15 19 30 15 15 17 18
17746 14 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 23 15 19 30 15 15 17 18
94392 14 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 23 15 19 30 15 15 17 18 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 98 (random near-matches)
modal 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
5926 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
20834 13 23 14 13 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 16 19 29 15 16 17 18
23983 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 12 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17
24583 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 14 15 16 17
28408 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 26 14 18 29 15 15 16 16
31366 14 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
32189 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 16 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 16 16 17 17 >
37808 13 24 13 10 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
38903 13 25 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 28 19 9 10 11 11 27 15 17 30 15 15 15 17 >
40827 13 24 14 10 14 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 16 7 10 11 12 26 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 >
42792 13 23 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 24 15 20 27 15 16 16 17 >
45428 13 24 14 11 11 15 13 12 11 13 13 29 18 8 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 18 >
46106 13 22 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 18 9 9 11 11 25 14 18 29 15 15 17 17
52817 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 11 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 28 15 15 17 17
53020 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 20 30 15 15 17 17
57463 12 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 15 9 10 10 11 25 15 19 31 15 15 17 17
62650 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 16 17
62851 13 24 14 11 14 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 30 15 15 17 18 >
66183 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 12 15 17 17
76861 12 24 14 12 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 29
77383 13 24 14 11 10 14 12 13 10 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 18 29 15 15 16 17 >
80946 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 14 13 13 29 16 9 9 11 11 25 15 20 28 15 15 17 18 >
82464 13 23 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 15 29 15 15 15 15 >
100444 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 11 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 29 15 16 17 17 >
100728 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 28 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
111433 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 31 15 15 17 17
115770 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 11 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 28 15 15 17 17
115919 13 25 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 17 17
117042 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 17
N12773 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 29
N33351 13 25 14 10 11 14 12 12 13 14 13 32 17 9 9 11 11 27 16 19 30 15 15 17 17 >
N49783 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 19 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 29 15 15 16 17
sm13 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 25 14 18 29 15 15 17 17 >
sm14 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 >
sm15 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 >
sm36 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 19 9 9 11 11 25 19 29 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 99 (not yet organized)
gh2am 14 20 15 10 15 15 11 12 12 30 14 >
9187 13 23 13 10 16 18 11 12 13 12 11 29 13 9 9 11 11 26 14 20 32 14 16 16 16 17
14343 13 25 13 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29 18 9 10 10 11 23 15 19 27 15 15 17 17 >
20916 13 24 13 10 16 18 10 12 12 14 11 32 14 9 9 11 11 26 14 20 33 14 16 16 17
21179 14 22 15 10 13 14 11 12 11 12 11 29 20 9 9 11 11 22 16 20 29 12 14 14 14
32147 15 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 32 18 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 14 15 >
51460 13 24 16 11 14 15 11 13 13 13 11 31 17 8 10 11 11 26 15 20 32 12 14 15 15
67858 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 23 15 20 28 13 14 15 16
81280 14 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 13 32 14 10 11 11 11 25 14 20 26 14 14 14 15 >
96402 13 24 13 10 17 18 11 12 12 13 11 30 15 9 9 11 11 27 14 20 31 14 16 16 16
100787 13 24 15 10 11 14 12 10 10 13 11 31 15 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 11 14 14 17
105813 13 24 13 10 17 18 11 12 12 12 11 29 19 9 9 11 11 27 14 20 32 15 16 16 17 >
N6914 13 24 14 10 13 13 12 12 11 14 13 30
N19042 14 24 13 10 16 17 11 12 12 13 11 31
N61350 13 22 16 9 15 17 11 12 12 12 12 30
sm16 13 24 16 10 11 14 12 10 10 13 11 30 15 11 24 14 32 14 14 15 15 >
sm20 13 24 16 11 15 15 11 13 12 14 11 31 17 8 10 11 11 25 15 20 31 >
sm21 14 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 13 14 14 30 16 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 30 15 16 17 17 >
sm22 14 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 14 14 30 16 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 30 15 16 17 17 >

 
Table 2. Extended Carpenter Haplotypes (additional loci from FTDNA and Sorenson)
Note: DYS461 has been converted to new nomenclature as of 2004 June.
(click on an arrow at the end of a row to see the continuation in Table 3)

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0		 +
6
3
5		 1
B
0
7
ID
6250 23 >
5853 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 15 11 14 12 12 11 11 11 13 23 8 >
9125 23 >
9350 16 14 14 12 11 12 11 11 11 22 13 23 9
15106 13 9
11339 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
16067 11 12 19 23 16 14 11 12 11 12 11 11 13 23 9
24990 23 >
78907 23
82457 11 12 19 23 16 17 20 20 33 35 14 11 23
110194 10 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11 12 12 >
sm07 11 12 19 23 16 14 11 14 12 11 12 11 11 11 22 13 23 9
sm17 11 12 19 23 14 11 14 12 12 11 11 11 13 23 9
5734 11 12 19 23 15 16 20 20 33 35 15 11 14 12 11 12 11 11 11 22 13 24 9 >
6803 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 12 11 24
7615 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 19 33 35 14 11 12 12 >
9462 11 11 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 13 11
12398 11 12 19 23 16 16 21 20 33 35 14 11 24 >
13251 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 19 33 35 13 11
17978 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 13 11
19915 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
19929 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
20419 11 12 19 23 16 16 19 20 33 36 14 11
21907 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
35833 11 12 19 23 16 16 19 20 33 35 14 11
37035 11 12 19 23 16 16 19 20 33 35 14 11 24 >
66205 11 12 19 23 15 16 20 20 33 35 15 11
78150 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
88543 11 12 19 23 16 16 20 20 33 35 14 11
107627 11 12 19 23 16 16 19 20 33 35 14 11
sm05 12 12 19 23 16 13 11 14 12 11 12 11 11 11 22 13 24 9
sm26 11 12 19 23 16 11 14 11 11 22
sm28 15 15 14 12 11 12 11 11 11 22 13 24 9
sm35 11 12 19 23 15 11 14 11 11 22

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0		 +
6
3
5		 1
B
0
7
ID
6060 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 33 39 12 10
sm29 11 9 18 21 14 10 10
11230 12 10 19 21 14 14 19 18 30 38 12 10
11417 14 12 14 12 11 10 12 12 12 20 13 19 11
17455 11 10 19 23 17 14 18 17 37 39 12 12
23381 11 10 19 23 17 14 18 17 37 39 12 12
88262 11 10 19 23 17 14 18 17 37 38 12 12 14 13 >
88302 11 10 19 23 17 14 18 17 37 40 12 12
knb8f 12
98270 11 12 19 21 16 17 16 18 34 36 12 11 14 12 >
16807 16 13 13 12

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0		 +
6
3
5		 1
B
0
7
ID
4823 11 11 19 22 15 14 17 17 37 38 12 12
17590 11 11 19 22 15 14 17 17 37 38 12 12
sm08 11 11 19 22 15 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 12 25 10
sm12 11 10 19 23 18 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 13 11 22 14 23 10
N8963 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 38 39 12 12
N25640 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 37 39 12 12
75287 11 11 19 23 16 14 17 18 40 42 12 12
21005 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 19 34 41 14 12
78860 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 19 34 41 15 12
81027 9 10 19 21 14 14 16 16 33 34 12 10 12 13 >
N10857 10 10 19 21 14 10 17 11 12 19
94392 10 11 19 23 16 15 17 17 38 39 13 12

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0		 +
6
3
5		 1
B
0
7
ID
modal 11 11 19 23 16 15 18 17 37 38 12 12 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 13 23
32189 11 12 19 24 17 15 18 18 38 38 12 12
38903 11 11 19 23 16 15 20 18 33 35 12 12
40827 11 11 19 23 17 15 18 16 36 39 12 12 12 13 >
42792 11 10 19 23 17 15 17 16 37 38 12 12
45428 10 11 19 23 16 15 17 16 36 36 13 12
62851 11 11 19 23 15 13 13 12 13 11 11 12 23 10
77383 10 11 19 23 15 15 17 16 36 37 12 12
80946 11 11 19 23 16 16 17 17 40 40 12 12
82464 11 10 19 23 17 16 17 17 37 41 13 12
100444 11 11 19 23 17 16 19 17 39 40 11 12
N33351 11 10 18 23 15 15 18 17 37 39 11 12
sm13 11 10 19 23 16 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 13 23 10
sm14 11 11 19 23 16 12 12 15 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 13 23 11
sm15 11 11 19 23 16 12 12 15 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 13 23 11
sm36 11 11 19 23 17 12 13 12 11 22

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0		 +
6
3
5		 1
B
0
7
ID
gh2am 12
14343 11 10 19 23 15 15 16 17 37 38 12 12
32147 12 10 19 21 15 14 18 18 34 40 12 10
81280 11 9 19 21 15 14 17 19 39 40 12 10
105813 10 10 19 22 17 13 17 18 32 33 13 10
sm16 10 11 19 23 14 11 13 14 12 13 12 11 22 14 24 9
sm20 10 10 21 21 15 11 10 15 10 11 13 12 12 12 20 12 24 11
sm21 10 11 19 23 15 11 12 13 12 12 14 11 12 11 22 13 23 10
sm22 10 11 19 23 15 11 12 13 12 12 14 11 12 11 22 13 23 10
+ Formerly called Y-GATA-C4
* Also displayed in Table 3

 
Table 3. Continued Carpenter Haplotypes (more loci from FTDNA)

Locus:
 
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
a
3
9
5
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
s1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
a
4
1
3
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0		 *
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0		 *
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
ID
5853 11 8 16 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 21 22 15 10 12 12 13 8 12 24 21 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 13
6250 21 22
9125 21 22
110194 11 8 16 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 21 22 15 10 12 12 13 8 12 23 21 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 13
24990 21 22
5734 11 8 16 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 22 15 10 12 12 13 8 12 24 21 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 13
7615 11 8 16 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 22 15 10 12 12 13 8 12 24 21 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 13
12398 22 22
37035 22 22
88262 11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 18 8 14 22 20 13 12 10 13 11 11 13 12
98270 11 8 17 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 24 15 11 12 12 13 8 14 23 22 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
81027 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 17 8 12 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11
40827 11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 24 16 10 12 12 14 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 14 11 11 12 12
* Also displayed in Table 2

Note: if your results have been reported to you by FTDNA, but do not appear in the above tables, they presumably were obtained since this web page was last updated. To see the very latest results, you may visit our alternate web page, which is maintained by FTDNA and always has the latest results. Unfortunately, this FTDNA page is rather slow to load and omits the results that were obtained from other sources (currently, about 25 haplotypes).

As can be seen in Table 1, the results so far fall into a number of groups with distinct haplotypes. (Some of the "groups" have only one representative so far in the project -- these are lumped together in Groups 98 and 99.) With the exception of Groups 2 and 3, they are all very different. The estimated time from the common ancestor for any pair of these groups (other than 2 and 3) is thousands of years. Thus, despite sharing a surname, these groups are all paternally unrelated within genealogical time (again, other than 2 and 3).

Table 2 shows the extensions to 37 markers for the participants who have taken that step, plus other markers obtained from laboratories other than FTDNA. These entries are color-coded as in Table 1.
 

Notes and Discussion

The subsection headings are clickable links to the corresponding section of a separate web page devoted to the lineages of our participants.

Group 1

Group 1 consists of three samples that match exactly 25/25. Such a close match means that they are closely related, but remember that the genetic markers being tested here mutate very slowly on genealogical time scales. If we were able to select randomly a large number of pairs of Carpenters who match exactly in this manner, we would find that the median distance to the most recent common ancestors is about 7 generations. Of course, that does not in the least suggest that these particular three samples share a common ancestor exactly 7 generations ago. In fact, if we didn't know that these test subjects are separate individuals, the most likely explanation (statistically speaking) for the exact match would be that the samples all came from a single testee. As it happens, the lineages submitted by the first two show them to be second cousins, and 10336 is a third cousin of the others.

Group 2 and Group 3

Groups 2 and 3 are so similar that they were at first thrown in together as one group. Even now, the separation between them is subtle, and so both groups are discussed together here. For the time being, the primary distinction is based on locus DYS464d, which is 16 for Group 2 and 17 for Group 3. Thus, we need at least 25 loci to make a genetic choice between the two groups. Some members of these groups have extended their tests to 37 loci, but there are no inter-group differences among the 12 additional loci -- just individual variations. However, we find that there is one more distinction found among the 30 extra loci provided by the 67-locus test -- but only one more distinction. Indeed, two members of Group 3 have extended to 67, and the 30 loci of that extension are in complete agreement between the two. One member of Group 2 has also extended to 67, and 29 of the 30 loci agree among all three men. The one difference between the two groups, seen in DYS413a, is now confirmed by the custom-testing of DYS413 for three additional members of Group 2 and two additional members of Group 3. See below for more discussion of the separation between the two groups. Meanwhile, the discussion of comparisons of haplotypes in this section refers only to 25-locus comparisons.

6250, 9125, and 9350 match each other exactly and form the "core" of Group 2, and likely represent the ancestral haplotype of the group, simply because they do agree among themselves, as well as with three other participants whose lineages have not been connected, but have been associated with this group because of the matches. Similarly, 5734, 7615, 9462, 66205, 78150, 88543, and sm05 match each other exactly and form the core of Group 3, matching nine associated-but-not-connected participants as well. These two core haplotypes match at 24 of 25 loci, and one or the other probably is the ancestral haplotype of the combined groups.

Both groups also have members that nearly match, but not exactly. First of all, 9413, 15106, 25758, and sm07 form a perfectly matching subgroup within Group 2, one step away from the core (more on them below). 82457 also differs by one step from 6250, and 26027 differs by a step from the subgroup of 9413. There are others as well who nearly match the core or the subgroup, but have not yet been connected genealogically. Similarly, 12398, 13251, 20419, and some as-yet-unconnected members differ by one each from 5734. A few others differ by two or three steps.

Interestingly enough, the subgroup that includes 9413 outnumbers the "core" cluster and therefore could, in principle, compete for the core position in Group 2. However, conventional genealogy comes into play, as the subgroup appears to be closely related. Its members come from one particular line of the Providence Carpenters, and another relative of theirs, 9350, matches the main group. Thus, the apparently "large" number of members of this subgroup is really due to uneven sampling of the family tree, as can be seen in the lineage file. As for 11339, 16067, 17994, 28001, 76182, and sm17, the lineages show no direct connection with the Providence Carpenters, but we have placed them in Group 2 because the DNA matches. sm17 is an interesting coincidence -- he is the nephew of 16067, but his uncle was not aware of his participation until we discovered the relationship and asked the uncle for sm17's identity.

Based on the available lineages, the DYS390=24 value appears to be a mutation that occurred in Joseph Carpenter (CE CD #5312), a great grandson of the immigrant William. We have therefore designated a subgroup 2A consisting of Joseph's descendants, and we have similarly subdivided those who match Group 2 genetically, but have not yet traced their ancestry back to the founder. Joseph's haplotype is shown at the top of subgroup 2A, with the mutated value of DYS390 in bold red as a reminder of that distinction between 2 and 2A. Since the value DYS390=24 is also shared by 16067 and 28001, there is extra support for their inclusion with Group 2/2A. On the other hand, 6803 also has DYS390=24, but is assigned to Group 3 on the basis of DYS464d and DYS635/C4. In other words, we have firm evidence that the same mutation has occurred independently in two different Carpenter lines. Thus, we have an object lesson of the need for caution in using a single marker to assign a lineage. Nonetheless, we feel that the subdivision of Group 2 will be helpful to those who are still trying to trace their ancestry.

One tentative member of Group 2, 19426, has so far tested only 12 markers. Again, DYS464 is not among the first 12, and so we cannot determine whether he is closer to Group 2 or Group 3. Nonetheless, we have placed him in Group 2 because he has traced his line to William of Providence.

Some members of groups 2 and 3 are not direct participants in this project, but were instead discovered in the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy database, which holds the Y DNA test results of an ongoing worldwide project. The Sorenson data are anonymous, but each testee provides a four-generation pedigree along with the DNA sample, and the names of pre-1900 ancestors are listed for each. The first member discovered at SMGF, here designated "sm05", is a 25/25 match with Group 3, and that accords with his claimed lineage back to William of Rehoboth. A similar situation exists for sm07, who matches Group 2 and whose ancestry goes back to William of Providence. In addition, his line goes through Joseph (CE CD #5312), and he shares the mutation DYS390=24 with the other descendants of Joseph, and so sm07 has been placed in subgroup 2A. It is significant that sm05 and sm07 match each other on 10 of the 11 additional markers available in the Sorenson results. The continuing match between Groups 2 and 3 emphasizes that they are closely related, while the one new mismatch turns out to be an additional means of distinguishing between the groups. The new inter-group mismatch on marker Y-GATA-C4 (more properly known as DYS635) has now been confirmed by six further results found at Sorenson and by eight additional "a la carte" tests at FTDNA.
Based on this now-confirmed discrepancy, along with the originally discovered difference at DYS464d, and the additional difference at DYS413a, we can state with 95% confidence that the most recent common ancestor of the two groups was more than 2 generations before the immigrants and less than about 20. Therefore, the DNA testing has very nearly ruled out the often-repeated claim that the Williams were first cousins. The most likely estimate is about 7 generations, but that is a very rough estimate, and the 95% confidence interval is a more reasonable description of what the DNA is telling us.

Meanwhile, 5853 differs by four steps from 6250 (see table). That level of difference corresponds to an expected time of about a thousand years since the common ancestor, but with a sizable uncertainty. In other words, this "member" could be unrelated after all, or he could be from a line separated from the other members for many centuries, or he could simply be from a line that has accumulated a higher-than-average number of mutations in the recent past. Note that the claimed lineages indicate that 5853 shares a common ancestor with 9350 just three centuries ago, and with 15106 just two centuries ago (but the latter has a questionable link). 8847 similarly shares an ancestor two centuries ago, and 8847 "splits the difference" between 5853 and the core of Group 2. There is therefore only a mild conflict between the genealogical evidence and the DNA. At present, there are a few weak links in the lineage shown for 5853, these links being based primarily on oral tradition and sparse data that support the tradition, but are inadequate to prove descent. As new test results come in, the DNA evidence might soften its conflict with the genealogy (for example, if 5853 recruits a first or second cousin into the project, that might very well provide a bridge between 5853 and 8847).

Although most of Group 3 have upgraded to 37 markers, very few in Group 2 have done so. Therefore, it is impossible to do a detailed comparison between the two groups on the 12 additional markers. However, we see that one member of Group 2 exactly matches the consensus of Group 3 on these 12 markers, and only a smattering of discrepancy among the others. At 67 markers, the coverage is even sparser, but we can see enough to convince us that the situation there is basically the same.

Group 4

Subjects 5983 and 9848 differ by only one step at one locus (DYS449) and are thus presumably related. In addition, they both display a very unusual feature: instead of the usual four copies of the DYS464 marker, they have six. (Note: there are also known cases with three or five copies of this marker. There is nothing significant about having six, aside from its being rare.) This is a hereditary trait and serves to distinguish their family easily from others that might appear similar based on the other