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Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 12:30:22 -0500 (EST)
From: Roger Sieloff ISDH <sieloff@ideanet.doe.state.in.us>
To: cacti_etc@opus.hpl.hp.com
Subject: Persistence of Vision
Message-ID: <Pine.PTX.3.94.961007115649.7396B-100000@ideanet.doe.state.in.us>
On Mon, 7 Oct 1996, Willy V. wrote:
> poisoning. To prove his point he showed me several literature (medical)
> reports on the severe poisoning of farmers caused by residual Basudin
> I suppose that any possible databank search on diazinon will produce some
> results. I suppose someone on this list has this service at the fingertips ?
*********************************************************************** *****
Greetings from Indiana - the land of Pesticides
I don't know if any of the following exactly answeres the questions
posed, but I posted it to another list a few months back. It is a sort of
pesticide primer and will give the novice user a general idea of what he
is working with and how hazardous it is:
********************** Pesticide Chemistry 101 ***************************
There are three general classes of pesticides in use, natural pesticides,
organochlorides and organophosphates.
Organic pesticides: These are natural substances derived from plants
which themselves are toxic to insects. As such, these compounds are
rather benign to humans and biodegrade eventually. The most common is
pyrethrin, a compound from a chrysanthemum. The other that springs to
mind is neem oil. Sabadilla powder is another possibility. Last, and
certainly not least, is a terribly toxic natural pesticide which,
unfortunatly, hundreds of millions of people around the world have become
seriously addicted to - nicotine.
Organochlorine pesticides: This is our old friend DDT, banned in America
but still very much in use in many third world countries (who sell their
produce right back to US). Not to worry though, although these compounds
take hundreds of years to biodegrade, they are not extremly toxic to
mammals. As a matter of fact, right after DDT was developed and lice
infested European war refugees were being rolled around in the stuff like
french bread dough, American GI's were enjoying a cocktail actually laced
with DDT! Of course, prior to the FDA, Radium was a health food back in
the 20's. Ponder this next time you consume the equivalent of half a pound
of garlic..... As you've probably already heard, many, if not most pests
rapidly aquired resistance to not only DDT, but most of the rest of the
seven deadly dwarfs as well: DDE, DDD, TDE, etc. ad nausium. It's not nice
to fool Mother Nature. The only member of the group still legally used in
the US is something called Kelthane which eventually degrades into
- surprise! - DDE. Mothballs: Para-dichlorobenzene might still be
available on the market but probably doesn't kill many bugs these days due
to resistance. Mixed with tincture of iodine and boiled with a rusty
nail, it does make some nice, carcinogenic tear gas though....
Organophosphate pesticides: These are what may be called "second
generation" pesticides. The good news is that they biodegrade into carbon
dioxide, water and fertilizer very quickly. The bad news is that they are
amoung the deadliest chemicals ever developed, toxic to all animal life be
it human or insect. Not surprising when one conciders this stuff was
developed from "nerve gas". Fortunatly not all organophosphates have the
same LD-50. The most benign(?) is something called Malathion. This is
routinely used in the suburbs for mosquito control, simply sprayed out the
back of a truck. Parathion is much more poisonous and TEPP is so deadly
one needs a moon suit to spray an orchard. In 24 hours there will be no
trace of TEPP, coddling moths, butterflies, field voles or spotted owls.
The apples will be blooming like crazy and the bees which polinate them
will have to be imported, of course. Carbamate Pesticides: Technically
not organophosphates, but somewhat the same. Less toxic but I doubt they
degrade as fast, though 100's of times faster than organochlorides. The
only one which springs to mind is "Carbaryl".
************************* BORING TECHNICAL SECTION **********************
Use the following according to the manufacturer's instructions. I would
avoid the first two if you have never applied pesticides before.
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: I am 75 kg and an ordinary Aspirin contains 300 mg
acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient. I have extrapolated the
number of tablets I'd have to take to equal the LD50 dosage cited for
rats if my "aspirin" contained 300 mg of the following pesticides.
*********************************************************************** **
TEPP: Pyrophosphoric Acid, Tetraethyl Ester
BLADAN, BLADEX, FOSVET, GRISOL, HEXAMITE, HEPT, LIROHEX, KILMITE 40
MORTOPAL, NIFOS, NIFOST, TETRON, VAPOTONE
pyrophosphate de tetraethle (french),
bis(o,o-diaethylphosphorsaeure)-anhydrid (german)
tetraetil-pirofosfato (italian)
o,o,o,o-tetraethyl-difosfaat (dutch)
it's a small world after all....
class: ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat : 0.500 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 1/8 TABLET (nasty stuff!!)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARATHION: Phosphorothioic Acid, O,O-diethyl O-(p-Nitrphenyl) Ester
AAT,ALKRON,ALLERON,AMERICAN CYANIMID 3422,BLADAN F,CORTHIONE,DANTHION,
ECATOX,ETHYL PARATHION,FOSFEX,PESTOX PLUS,PHOSKIL,RHODIATOX,SULPHOS,TOX 47
class: ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 2 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 1/2 TABLET
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NICOTINE : "I'd walk a mile for a Cammel"
BLACK LEAF,DESTRUXOL ORCHID SPRAY,NICO-DUST,ORTHO N-4 DUST,TENDUST
NIKOTIN (german)
NIKOTNYA (polish)
NICOTINA (italian)
class: NATURAL PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 53 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: WHAT-ME WORRY? I'D RATHER FIGHT THAN SWICH!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diazinon:
phosphorthioic acid, O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)
ester
say that fast three times....!
ALFA-TOX, BASUDIN, DAZZEL, DIAZAJET, DIPOFENE, ENT 19507, G 301,
GEIGY 24480, NEOCIDOL, SPECTRACIDE
(Dutch)
O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidin-6-yl)-monothiofosfaat
(Italian)
O,O-dietil-O-(2-isopropil-4-metil-pirimidin-6-il)-monotiofosfato
(French)
thiophosphate de O,O-diethyle et de O-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidyle
Class: Organophosphate Pesticide
toxicity:
orl-rat: 76 mg/kg
Aspirin Equivalent: 19 tablets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISOTOX: cyclohexane 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro, gamma isomer
AGROCIDE,BHC-gamma,HORTEX,LINDANE,MSZYCOL,BEN-HEX,OMNITOX,SILVANOL,TAP 85
class: ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 88 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 22 TABLETS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DDT: Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-
ANOFEX,DICOPHANE,DIDIGRAM,ENT 1506,GESAROL,IXODEX,KOPSOL,RUKSEAM,NEOCID
PENTECH,ZEIDANE,ZERDANE
1,1,1-trichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloorfenyl)-ethaan (Dutch)
1,1,1-trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-penyl)-aethan (German)
1,1,1-tricloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano (Italian)
class: ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 113 mg/kg (carcinogen)
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 28 TABLETS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CYGON: phosphorodithoic acid, o,o-dimethyl ester, s-ester
(co-starring)
2-mercapto-n-methylacetamide
DAPHENE,DE-FEND,DIMETON,PEI 75,PERFEKTHION,ROGOR ROXION
(o,o-dimethyl-s-(n-carbamoyl-methyl)-dithiophosphat (German)
class: ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 152 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 38 TABLETS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CARBARYL: Carbamic Acid, Methyl-, 1-Napthyl Ester
ARYLAM,ATOXAN,OMS 29,CARBATOX,GAMONIL,PANAM,SEPTENE,SEVIN
class: CARBAMATE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 400 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 2 BOTTLES (50 TABLETS/BOTTLE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARADICHLOROBENZENE: "Mothballs"
DI-CHLORICIDE,PARACRYSTALS,PARADOW,PARANUGGETS,PDB,SANTOCHLOR
p-dichlorobenzol (German)
1,4-dichlorobenzene (Italian)
class: ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 500 mg/kg (carcinogen)
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 2.5 BOTTLES (50 TABLETS/BOTTLE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
KELTHANE: benzhydrol, 4,4'-dichloro-alpha-(trichloromethyl)-
CARBAX,DICOFOL,ETHANOL,MITIGAN,CPCA
class: ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE
toxicity
orl-rat: 575 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 2.87 BOTTLES (50 TABLETS/BOTTLE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orthene:
phosphoramidothioic acid, n-acetyl-,O,S-dimethyl ester
ACEPHATE, ENT 27822, ORTHO 12420, ORTHAN, ORTRIL
Class: Organophosphate Pesticide
toxicity:
orl-rat: 700 mg/kg
Aspirin Equivalent: 7 bottles (100 tablets/bottle)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PYRETHRIN:
cyclopropaneacrylic acid,3-carboxy-alpha,2,2-trimethyl-,1-methyl ester
(an' a heapin' helpin' o')
4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
PYRETHRIN II,CHRYSANTHEMUM DICARBOXLIC ACID METHYL ETHYL ESTER
class: NATURAL PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 1200 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVANENT: 3 CASES (100 BOTTLES/CASE)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MALATHION: Succinic Acid, Mercapto-, Diethy ester
(plus)
Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate
AMERICAN CYANIMID 4049, CARBETOX,CARBOFOS,CYTHION,EMMATOS,FORMAL,
"FOUR THOUSAND FORTY NINE",KYPFOS,MALAKILL,MLT,SADOPHOS,SF 60,ZITHIOL
class: ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 1401 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 3.5 CASES (100 BOTTLES/CASE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SABADILLA: veratrine
ASAGRAEA OFFICINALIS,CEVADILLA,ENT 123,SABACIDE
class: NATURAL PESTICIDE
toxicity:
orl-rat: 4000 mg/kg
ASPIRIN EQUIVALENT: 10 CASES (YOU'D DIE OF RUPTURE, NOT POISONING...)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To WP or not to WP
WP stands for "Wettable Powder" which is an amalgimation of the active
ingredient and talc, the latter being the "inert ingredient". Liquid
concentrates are mixtures of the active ingredient in a solution of
Petroleum ether (sort of like highly refined gasoline) and a liquid soap,
which helps the petroleum solvent mix with water. Garden crops and
anything else with lots of foliage tolerates either formulation equally
well; however plants with limited surface area (cacti and succulents) are
likley to be damaged by liquid concentrates, even if mixed and applied
properly.
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DIE-HARD LAB RAT,
Roger L. Sieloff
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