Name

Name	*Red Oak (Quercus rubra)*
Type	Hardwood.
Other Names	Also known as Northern red oak, Eastern red oak, gray oak, American red oak, Canadian red oak, and mountain red oak.
Sources	Grows in United States, Canada, and Europe.
Appearance	Straight grained with a coarse texture and prominent rays. Light reddish tan heartwood and narrow, almost white sapwood.
Physical Props	Hard, strong, stiff, and strong with moderate stability in use and little natural decay resistance.
Working Props	Machines quite well but has tendency to splinter and chip - avoid cutting against the grain. Turns and steam-bends fairly well. Somewhat difficult to work by hand. Nails and screws satisfactorily although pre-drilling recommended. Glues satisfactorily. Finishes well with most stains and finishes but relatively large pores may require a filler.
Uses	Used for cabinets, furniture, millwork, musical instruments, plywood, flooring, turnery, boxes, caskets, pallets, heavy construction, and many other applications.

Name	*White Oak (Quercus alba)*
Type	Hardwood.
Other Names	Also known as eastern white oak, stave oak, ridge white oak, cucharillo, encino, and roble.
Sources	Grows in United States and Canada. Wood marketed as white oak may contain other white oak species but Quercus alba is primary species.
Appearance	Straight grained with a medium-coarse to coarse texture. Light tannish heartwood with narrow, nearly white sapwood.
Physical Props	Heavy, hard and strong with outstanding wear-resistance. Moderate stability in use. Steam-bends very well. Very durable heartwood - ideal for casks and barrels.
Working Props	Machines similarly to red oak but has greater tendency to chip and splinter. Turns well. Difficult to work by hand. Nails and screws satisfactorily although pre-drilling recommended. Glues satisfactorily. Stains and finishes well with no need to fill pores for smoothness. Contact with metal results in dark staining.
Uses	Uses include outdoor furniture, boats, cooperage, flooring, interior furniture - especially chairs and tables, turnery, baskets, trim, millwork, and veneers.

Name	*Osage-Orange (Maclura pomifera)*
Type	Hardwood.
Other Names	Also known as osage, bow wood, bois-d'arc, bodark, bodare, hedge apple, and horse apple.
Sources	Grows in United States and Canada.
Appearance	Straight grained with an uneven texture and a high luster. Golden-yellow to bright orange heartwood and narrow, light yellow sapwood. Darkens with age. Heavy, hard, tough, and resilient.
Physical Props	Exceptional decay resistance (best in North America) and dimensional stability.
Working Props	Works with difficulty due to hardness. Glues satisfactorily. Nails and screws hold well but hardness may require pre-drilling. Finishes easily enough but oils will accelerate natural darkening.
Uses	Used for wheel rims, bows, fenceposts, stakes, railroad ties, turnery, novelties, and musical instruments.

Name	*Ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie)*
Type	Hardwood.
Other Names	Also known as amazoue, amazakoue, anokye, ehie, and hyeduanini.
Sources	Grows in tropical west Africa, primarily the Ivory Coast and Ghana.
Appearance	Straight to interlocked grain with moderately coarse texture. Yellow brown to chocolate brown heartwood with grayish-black stripes.
Physical Props	Heavy and moderately hard with high stiffness, strength, and shock resistance. Moderate decay resistance and dimensional stability in service. Steam-bends poorly.
Working Props	Works fairly easily with hand or machine tools but saws slowly. Silica content has moderate blunting effect. Reduced cutting angle recommended during planing to prevent tear-out. Turns well. Glues easily, holds nails and screws well, stains and polishes satisfactorily, and can be brought to an excellent finish.
Uses	Used for cabinetry, fine furniture, doors, shop and office trim, domestic flooring, handles and other turned items, plywood, decorative veneer, and paneling.