Haplogroup G Categories, Samples, Diagrams, Etc.


Link to Main Haplo G Menu

discussion groups, other resources,
origins & migrations of haplo G,
geographical distribution, bibliography




Don't understand SNPs, STRs, haplogroups, haplotypes discussed below? 
Link to terminology page

Subcategories of haplogroup G are based on special SNP testing. 

SNPs are mutations passed on to descendants and are usually permanent changes.  The SNPs are
referred to by the designation of a site on the Y-DNA chromosome, such as M201 and P15.  The +
sign indicates the SNP mutation is present.  All G persons will have the first and oldest SNP mutation that
occurred at M201.
 
Discovery of new SNPs is an ongoing process.   New discoveries within other haplogroups
have required reassignment of designations, and it may be possible 10 years from now that none
of the G subgroups below will have the same designation.  The results of testing for the individual SNPs
will remain the same, but they could have different classification in the future.  Major reclassifications
took place in 2007-08.

The SNP mutations that occurred later than the general G mutation (M201+) are shown below. 
A person who belongs to one branch, such as G1, will not belong to branch, such as G2.
As an example, a person who is in subgroup G1 will have the M285 mutation (M285+) but will
lack the SNP for G2 (P287+).  

In addition, this G1 (M285+) person may or may not belong to a subgroup of G1.

This G genetic tree contains several new SNPs not yet added to the trees of the commercial labs
G1 = M285+ or M342+
    G1a = P20+
    G1b = P76+ 
G2 = P287+ 
    G2a = P15+ or U5+ or L31+ or S149+    
          G2a1= P16+ 
               G2a1a= P18+ 
         G2a2 = M286+ 
         G2a3 = U8+ or S126+ or L30+ or S148+ 
              G2a3a = M406+
                    G2a3a1 = U16+ or L14+ or S130+ or S133+
                    G2a3a2 = L184+ or L185+
             G2a3b = L141+
                    G2a3b1 = P303+ or S135+
                          G2a3b1a = U1+ 
                               G2a3b1a1 = U13+ or L13+ or S131+ or L78+
                         G2a3b1b= L43+ or S147+
                               G2a3b1b1= L42+ or S146+
                         G2a3b1c = L139+
                    G2a3b2= L177+
            G2a4= L91+
      G2b = M287+ ....previously G3...  
      G2c = M377+ or L72+ ....previously G5....
              G2c1 = M283+ 
====================================================
The initial data from the Walk through the Y Project has provided preliminary
information on other new SNPs .   Some are not named yet.

Link to Family Tree DNA's working draft of new categories with techincal info. 

Also available is an unofficial G tree which includes odd marker values added
to the SNP categories.  The odd marker values are not as iron-clad determinants
of a category as SNPs.

================================================== 
                    
G1 is uncommon among G persons in Europe.  It seems to be in highest concentration in
        Iran.  Turkey and perhaps parts of the Middle East have a significant population of G1.
G1a was first found among 4 men in Turkey, and is occasionally seen elsewhere. Thomas
        Krahn (see below) found that the SNP for this is defective and will not always be 
        present when it should be.
G1b is so new it is unclear who might below to this subgroup.  A Sri Lankan sample exists.
G2a as found in its subgroups is in the majority among G persons worldwide.  
G2a1, particularly G2a1a may be the most common in the north Caucasus region
         [testing is lacking from there] because of haplotypes there similar to European
         G2a1a men.  G2a1 is quite uncommon in Europe..  
         Researcher Thomas Krahn of Family Tree DNA in July 2007 published information that the
        markers for G2a1 and G2a1a  (then called G2a & G2a1) may not be reliable tests.
        http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2007-07/1185576938
        He suggests ordering a special marker test, DYF411 if the initial marker values
        suggest one is G2a(now G2a1) but not confirmed by SNP testing.  He  suggests that DYS425=12
        (from Family Tree DNA's 38-67 marker panel should raise a red flag) that a person is
        G2a1, but my own data suggests this might include too many persons.  Of those who are
        confirmed G2 so far from Europe, all have an unusual DYS392 value of 10.  They
        also have DYS425=12.  Perhaps the combination is even more predictive, but enough
        data are probably lacking at present.  The DYS392 value of 10 is not unique to G2a1
        though rare in Europe.
        Family Tree removed G2a1 and G2a1a from its trees in July 2007 but re-instated
        them when other labs apparently declined to remove them.
 G2a2 was reported in a Turkish study in one man and among several Europeans.
 G2a3 tentatively seems to exist overwhelmingly as subgroups (see just below)
 G2a3a  This is apparently relatively common in Greece and Turkey, and may be most common
         elsewhere in the Mediterranean countries.  More samples of this new test needed to
         provide valid info on its distribution.
G2a3a1  Meager information is available. It seems so far primarily a Turkish-Greek group.
G2a3a2  Meager information is available.  New in September 2009
G2a3b is a newly discovered SNP, and a high percentage of those who are in this category will
          also belong to a subgroup
G2a3b1 seems the most common G category in Europe.  Many of these men -- especially in 
            northwestern Europe -- have DYS388= 13 or DYS568=9. 
G2a3b1a Virtually all men belong to the subcategory of G2a3b1a  (see just below)
G2a3b1a1  It is particularly common among Germanic G persons.  It would
         seem that this category can be predicted in a high percentage of cases based on marker 
         values as it occurred recently enough.   
G2a3b1b...a tiny minority within the DYS388= 13 group.
G2a3b1b1...Perhaps a quarter of the DYS388= 13 group belong to this.  Most common among
          Swiss DYS388=13 men but its membershipis unpredictable.
 G2a3b1c.....only one man so far has this mutation...may be recently developed
 G2a3b2 ...only a few men belong to this category apparently and so far only in Ireland
 G2a4 ...only a few men identified so far belonging to this group, but is probably much
           more common in some countries poorly represented in our data
 G2b was reported in a Turkish study in one man.  It is apparent this is so rare that
                it might actually be a mutation specific to a small family grouping.  Krahn has
                suggested abolishing this as a tested SNP, but it is still available.
 G2c ....Among Europeans, a group of mostly Ashkenazi Jews.  Found also in Turkey
            and Middle East.  The Middle Eastern G2c's seem mostly Maronite Christians.
            The Ashkenazi G2c's also have a null value for DYS425, meaning 
            the marker does not provide a numerical value upon testing. 
 G2c1 is found mostly among non-Ashkenazi G2c persons east of Iran


Diagram that shows 471 G men with the same 67-markers.
[September 2009 version]

The diagram was constructed with the shareware program, Nexus, by Fluxus Software,
selecting the features for assembling Y-chromosome data.  The relationships shown are imperfectly depicted
due to absence of samples or the failure of some branches to survive.  Some nearby persons on the charts 
may not be closely related unless they are part of a cluster.  Solitary persons at the end of long branches
tend to move about as new samples are added.

The larger yellow nodes indicate multiple men at that node share the same close values.

The marker values were given special weightings  to de-emphasize proportionally those markers that
show the most diversity of values and that experience mutations more frequently.  This procedure has been 
been used in published studies.

>>>>Link here to see this network with 67-marker results 
                     


Clades (clusters) of G persons 

                            For easy reference, the surnames of included samples are shown just below the links to
                            subgroup pages.  For easy name search, depress the Ctrl key, then hit the F key to activate a 
                            "find" box.  Some surnames are found in more than one group -- check the kit number
                            or Y-Search code.  Non-English accent marks were not used with surnames.

                            The information here was assembled by Ray Banks from various sources.
       
                             Common marker values found for the major groups below are:
                             G1 -                                DYS392= 12
                             G2a1a -                           DYS392=10
                             G2a3a -                           DYS390=21
                             G2a3b1* (DYS568=9)   DYS568=9andYCA=20,21
                             G2a3b1*(DYS388=13)  DYS388=13
                                                                           DYS594=11 (a subgroup of DYS388=13)
                             G2a3b1a1 -                    YCA=19,20  with DYS385a of 12 or 13
                             G2c -                              DYS389= 14,32 or 14,31
                                      These values are not unique to these groups and not required.


The most comprehensive categorization of G samples
                      [a simpler version at bottom]

   Some of the men listed here are fully confirmed to be in the SNP category listed.  Others, especially those
   with only 12 markers as the only test result, are only predicted to be in that category.  
                           G ....G only Group....M201+         
                                 Best, Drennon, Hey, Hoen, Leal, Randolph, Schumacher, Stein, Ward, YHRD samples 
                     G1 ....G1 Group....M285+ or M342+   
                                       Adler, Al Awadi, Anusic, Atwell, Bastachy, Bauer, Benner, Bloch, Boranbayev,  
                                                    Chess, Crewe-Read, Dewinsky, Elliott, Feinberg, Forman, Gittess, Gurfinkel, Kaplan, Kopel, Kraus, 
                                                    Kronhaus, Krulewich, La Grow, Lieberman, Madmarov, Md Ibrahim, Moldagaliyev, Nasir,  
                                                    Offley, Omarov, Paul, Press, Reimer, Remer, research study, Rose, Sakipov, Schuster, Seiders, Shams,    
                                                    Shapiro, Sharrin, Silver, Smith, Soward, Trebs, Weinberg, YHRD samples, Yonovsky, Zeiter, Zikibay,
                                                    Zuckerman
                          G1a ....G1a Group P20+
                                             Bendeck, Bendek, Bernshtam, Daboub, DiConti, Epner, Epstein, Ganotzis, Givargidze, Green,
                                                           Hahn, Hasday, Hassan, Hazday, Hehn, Herres, Kabaker, Kalimnakis, Kantorovitz, Kossayian, 
                                                           Labriola, Lande, Mason, Miller, Mills, Mozesson, Mueller, Notghi, Pleeter, Pool, Poole,
                                                           research study, Salume, Singer, YHRD samples
                          G1b ....P76+ ...no samples available...a Sri Lankan G1b person known to exist
                      G2 ....G2 Group P287+ 
                                         Ciccone, Miale, Pusch, Schiro, YHRD samples
                                 G2a ....P15+ 
                                      Subgroups not yet assigned to any identified G2a subcategory
                                             Subgroup Genetically Close? to G2a2 Persons
                                                   Abdulkarim, Amorelli, Bowman, Culley, Daragan, Dzebisashvili, Eisenhart, Elias, Gardner,
                                                                    Grounds, Hanit, Hezarkhani, Housman, Hussmann, Ignazio, Jones, Kurdi, Kuzyk, Leo, Lio,
                                                                    Mas, McCauley, McCulley, McCully, Miller, Muraretti, Naugle, Owens, Penman, Pierce, 
                                                                    Poggi, Powles, Purcell, research studies, Roberts, St. Germain, Showalter, Skidmore, Thurlow,
                                                                    Varda, Walker, Wehner, YHRD samples, Zanotti
                                                            The Double DYS19 Subgroup                                                                
                                                                     Boghossian, Callec, Ceasar, Cline, Creamer, Cruz Rivera, de Mayo, Floyd, Frisch,
                                                                     Gerena Aguiar, Goza, Harbinson, Hutchison,  Lajoie, Lopez, Maranas, Mayo, Muniz,
                                                                     Nedrow, Nolen, Parsons, Perez Torres, Peyton, Pinajian, Proctor, Ray, Reed, Reid, research 
                                                                     studies, Ribble, Rivera Agosto, Sahota, Stepp, Turco, Villoni, YHRD samples
                                             Subgroup seemingly G2a1a but P16- and P18-  [including YCA= 13,21 subgroup]
                                                    Acker, Bader, Dandurand, Filippelli, German, Gioli, Gonzalez, Gopinathan, Jacoy,
                                                                      Kosonczi-Nagy, Marino, Meli, Nagy, Nanez, Pattath, Pennings, Phillips, 
                                                                      Villareal, Walker, YHRD samples  
                                             Subgroup with DYS390=21 and DYS389/2= 30 or 31    
                                                    Burns, Couch, Turner, White, YHRD samples
                                                Yet another Nondescript Subgroup 
                                                    Gross, Kessler, Lyon, YHRD samples
                                                              Pakistani Subgroup
                                                                     research study
                                                             A Third Subgroup of Miscellaneous G2a persons
                                                                    Bartrop, Bassett, Black, Bloomfield, Campagna, Cossover, Covell, Dirks, Doerksen, Douat,
                                                                    Ellis, Fathi, Gevirtzman, Hoddinott, Illanes, Kanter, Kaufman, Kosower, Marcelo,  Martin,
                                                                    McKay, McLaughlin, Melik-Avakian, Oliveira, Orol, Pussetto, Shelhart, Sonbol, 
                                                                    Suny-Mirzaian,Toma, YHRD samples
                      G2a1 ....P16+.....members assumed same as G2a1a due to test limitations
                                       G2a1a
                                       G2a1a Caucasus Subgroup .....P18+ 
                                            Aziz, Berezov, Ozel, Parker, Ramonov, Stalin, Stougarov, YHRD samples
                                      G2a1a Most Diverse Origins Subgroup....P18+ 
                                                           Abir, Alvarez, Ben-Abir, Berkhoff, Cabaliero, Canales, Cardullo, Cavaliero,  
                                                           Hilbert, Malca, Malka, Neves, Perri, Perry, Price, Reid, research study sample, 
                                                           Spatafore, Wright, Yarush, YHRD samples
                                      G2a1a Eastern European & Jewish Subgroups and Certain Clustering Men ....P18+  
                                            Baca, Barabas, Bayramuk ulu, Bayramukov, Benedict, Cardullo, Gursel, Hammer, Harbian,      
                                                           Kelly, Lastras, Manigault, Meyers,  Moody, Oner, research study samples, Rothstein, 
                                                           Salinas Mata, Salinas Ramirez, Sloan, Sorenson samples, Stearns, Szekely, Szentes,    
                                                           Weissman, YCC samples, YHRD samples           
                               G2a2 G2a2 Group....M286+    
                                          Arbon, research study sample, Ward, Wells 
                                G2a3.....U8+ or S126+ or L30+...  
                                          Subgroup with DYS390=20 and Genetically Nearest to G2a3a 
                                                  Acevedo, Fluegge, Niclassen, research study, YHRD samples
                                           Subgroup Nearest? Genetically to G2a3b1a1
                                                   Andrews, Fuller, Hakim, Marshall, Maschio, Owen, Rainwater, Sathaye, Tumlin, White,
                                                                   YHRD samples
                                              Men with DYS391= 9 
                                                      Noamen, Rehm, Verhoeven 
                                                G2a3a G2a3a Subgroup (Part I)....M406+    
                                                          Adami, Adler, Ahumada, Alster, Avram, Ba Alawi, Blatter, Bolinaga, Bou Samra, Caballero, 
                                                          Cano, Carpenter, Cooper, Daughtrey, Devries, Di Gianfrancesco, Farhi, Findaro,
                                                          Franceschi, Freire, Fucenase, Goldstein, Gruppo, Guariglia, Gullotta, Hamroth, Hooker, Karavlan, 
                                                          Keiffer, Kisa, Kosower, Kurer, Lamm, Lang, Lanzkron, Lee, Lindsay, Loccisano, Malia
                                                          Marangosian, Master, Mayo, Melik, Moll, Nicolo, Obermayer, Ortiz, Papazoglou, Pardo,
                                                          Petras, Petty, Pontecorvo, Pulte, Quintana, Renshaw, research study samples, Robinson,
                                                          Rumore, Samra, Schmuck, Sherman, Sobrara, Starke, Stoyanov, Tazzio, Teixeira, 
                                                          Viri, Watling, YHRD samples, Zimmerling 
                                                      G2a3a Subgroup (Part II)....M406+    
                                                          Alberti, Al-Muhajir, Al Shareif, Anonymous, Arslan, Arslanian, Asseily, Ball, Barrera, Bartee, Bautz,
                                                          Belcastro, Bernardin, Bin Sabaan, Blount, Bocanegra, Booth, Boutz, Breneman, Buffone, Caballero, 
                                                          Cali,  Chackerian, Conaway, Corona, Dankowych, Degon, Deleon, Dick, Diniz, DiStefano, Dover,
                                                          Edmonds,  Erbter, Erciyes, Fazzio, Fox, Freeman, French, Gabaglio, Henderson, Herrgesell, Hoareau, Hompoth, 
                                                          Hosick,  Jones, Jumper, Karnick, Kottapuram, Lombardo, Machado, May,  Mayes, Mays, Notis,
                                                          Melik-Yolchyan, Peters, Polito, Recepzade, research study samples, Roberti, Roberts, Roos, Sariyar, Schintz, 
                                                          Seigfried, Sitki, Smith, Sumer, Terry, Vallone, Wallis, Watson, Wiggin, YHRD samples
                                          G2a3a1 G2a3a1 Subgroup.....L14+ or U16+ or S130+ or S133+   
                                                     Acker, Ackert, Alexander, Beguet, Cloutier, Conaway, Di Frances, Eckert, Fera, Gagliano, Griswold,
                                                                      Hammond, Iradi, Knuckles, Latal, Levonian, Lobasso, Lopez Prieto, Marufow, Maughmer,
                                                                      Medalha, Meulie, Miller, Oddo, Posey, Rice, Ritchhart, Roberts, Sivera, YHRD samples
                                          G2a3a2 G2a3a2 Subgroup.....L184+ or L185+ 
                                                     Gill
                                       G2a3b....G2a3b Subgroup L141+ 
                                                 Boone, Costa, Elliott, Friend, Harper, Hillier, Mento, Miller, Mueller, Osborn, Sassouni,
                                                                 Shay, Smith, Whitefield, Whitfield, Wright, YHRD samples
                                                 G2a3b1 Subgroups....P303+  
                                                   DYS388=12 Subgroups
                                                      Caucasus Subgroup   
                                                           Akgun, Alexander, Baumgardner, Baumgartner, Bernardi, Butler, Deniz, Ezzat, Gusmanov, Hachikian,
                                                                         Hart, Hill, Kaufmann, Lackner, Marrone, Martinez, Nikitin, Olmi, Roeder, Semenov, Tinguely,
                                                                         Uzbek samples, Weller, YHRD samples
                                                                      Subgroup Partly Like DYS388= 13 Subgroup and Partly Like DYS568= 9 Subgroup 
                                                                         Babigian, Banks, Chesky, Doick, Fournier, Fritsch, Randino, Rudser, Vick, Zaleski, Zakrzewski, 
                                                                        Zbieszczyk   
                                                              Men Genetically Close to G2a3b's DYS388= 13 subgroup  
                                                       Charles, Chenette, Colagrosso, Fratto, Incalcaterra, Iyer, Koch, Labuz, Lengel, Lingle, Lombardo,      
                                                                         Longo, Rangaswamy, research study, Robbins, Ruiz, Samuelson,  Smith, Whiting, Zaremba
                                                                      Miscellaneous G2a3b1* subgroup 
                                                                          Billet, de Luz, Dietl, Dyulger, Felten, Fyffe, Gifford, Gonzalez, Hoffman, Magnus, Mattos, Nemo, 
                                                                          Paiva,  Pallas, research study, Rickenbrode, Rodriguez, Schamp, Stivadoros, Thompson, Valencia 
                                                     The DYS568= 9 Group.....YCA= 20,21
                                                          Ashkenazi Jewish DYS568= 9 Subgroup
                                                            Abrons, Ader, Arenson, Aronoff, Bandarovsky, Behar, Belotserkovskiy, Beshart, Brown, Cohen,  
                                                                                Dumes, Epstein, Farkas, Feinstein, Fenichel, Forkas, Friedman, Gillespie, Ginzburg, Golan, 
                                                                                Goldstein, Gonda, Gravitz, Harbison, Harris, Kaufmann, Klein, Kossman, Leder, Levin, Levine,  
                                                                                Matissoff, Maxwell, Newman, Novosedz, Obrajansky, Osherowitz, Pankey, Pavliscak, Polonovski,  
                                                                                Polonovsky, Rein, Rothman-Calvert, Samlan, Serebryani, Shanas, Silver, Spiegel,  Toren, Tracy, 
                                                                                Turbin, Waitsman, Wetcher, Willard, Wolfe, YHRD sample, Zunder
                                                         An English & Italian Ancestry DYS568= 9 Subgroup  
                                                            Guinn, Kimball, Kimbrel, Kimbrell, Monetti, Raines, Rainey, Reed
                                                         A Mostly Northern England DYS568= 9 Subgroup 
                                                             Bancks, Banks, Lord, Newson, Pemberton, Powers, Pritchett, Rushton, Weir                                             
                                                         An All North Carolina DYS568= 9 Subgroup 
                                                              Brown, Dees, Hicks, Rabb     
                                                          DYS568= 9 Subgroup Members Who Do Not Cluster
                                                              Alhadeff, Ambroselli, Bachman, Barrera, Becker, Blanc Castan, Cardenas, Cherry, Cline,  
                                                                                 Correll, Daragan, Demarsico, Dostis, Faulkner, Flanders, Galloni, Gino, Goosens, Gould, 
                                                                                 Gutierrez, Hamilton, Harbison, Hurlbut, Ikerd, Insana, Jensen, Kline, Larsen, Loeppky, Loss, 
                                                                                 Macro, Mafra, McFarlin, Millikin, Miserandino, Mitchell, Moon, Napoli, Pizzichemi, Powell,
                                                                                 Reams, Reed, Rivera, Rodriguez, Santangelo, Sanzari, Schaub, Silvester, Sortino, Starns, 
                                                                                 Stearns, Taranto, Vita, Wandell, Watson, Wead, Weed, Witte, YHRD samples
                                                    DYS388=13 Men                                     
                                                         Branch 1A -- with DYS594=11      
                                                          Anderson, Bird, Canniff, Crow, Delong, Doughty, Garvin, Gough, Griffin, Griffiths, Haney, 
                                                                             Howard, Jones, Kincaid, Lewis, Mangum, MacLaughlin,  Page, Perry, Pedersen, Pitts, 
                                                                             Rippy, Roderick, Rytherich, Smith, Taylor, Thomas, Vizenor, Walter, Wigington,
                                                                             Williams      
                                                         Branch 1AA  -- like branch 1A but DYS594=10
                                                           Blaney, Coe, Cook, Cooper, Crider, Didas, Douglas, Garvin, George, Greever, Griffin, Griott,           
                                                                              Grueber,  Johnson, King, Mecca, Pelucchi,  Reid, Shoemaker, Shumaker, Stewart, Stuart,   
                                                                              Tountant, Van Hise, Williams, Wolf            
                                                        Branch 1B with DYS388= 15    
                                                         Allen, Baker, Distler, Gilbert, Groff, Harding, Herman, Jones, Kedenburg, Lough, Magalski,
                                                                            Manara, Merck, Metzger, Price, Ranney, Schuermyer, Suess, Swaisgood, Swinfield,
                                                                            Van Hemert, Wagner
                                                        Branch 1C 
                                                          Culbreth, Daniel, De Long,  Joslin, Perez, Phelps, YHRD samples
                                                         Branch 1F 
                                                          Appelhof, Boehi, Campbell, Childers, Eustis, Fain, Garber, Griggs, Hines, Latasha, Latshaw,
                                                                             Leisz,  Lotshaw, Miers, Perez, Satler, Schmeltzer
                                                         Branch 1G 
                                                          Webb 
                                                         Branch 1H 
                                                          Allen 
                                                        Branch 1M 
                                                         Asbell, Benard, Bird, Boribon, Boyer, Brentt, Brown, Carroll, Chamberlin, Chapman, Chiomento     
                                                                            Coates, Copeland, Couch, Crinion, Curtis, Cutro, Deisher, Denton, Eddy, Ervin, Farmbrough,    
                                                                            Gantnier, Greer, Heckel, Hepner, Hoppe, Horsey, Jeffers, Jones, Juul-Moller, Kas, Kupferschmid,
                                                                            Letsch, Lloyd, Lopes, Mastropasqua, Navoyski, Nowell, Paul, Phieler, Robbins, Rogers,
                                                                            Rose, Ruff, Snook, Snuggs, Snyder, Stamp, Staley, Steeley, Stugart, Walton, Wetzel, YHRD samples
                                                       Branch 1P 
                                                           Coonce, Eckert, Johnson, Sauls     
                                                       Branch 1Q 
                                                           Boyd, Coleman, Gonzalez, Karcher, Malinke, Phillips
                                                        Branch 1R 
                                                          Willi   
                                                       Branch 1T 
                                                          Bacon, Cashman, Croute, Crowder, Cruse, Cruwys, Degiaimo, Demarco, Frantz, Friberg, 
                                                                             Gherardi, Gregory, Guenther, Hosage, Kincaid, Kirschenmann, Kutch, Mosquera, Pasak,
                                                                             Sedon, Skogstad, Smith, Sunseri, Todd, Valastro, Van Hamme, Wright, YHRD samples
                                                        Branch 4A
                                                          Alford, Bailey, Beyerle, Billetdeaux, Boosey, Boyce, Bryant, Burton, Canter, Cantor, 
                                                                             Cordey, Cresswell, Emmendorfer, Gordon, Heinzmann, Jester, LeRoux, Malcolm,
                                                                             Malcolm, Martin, Monteiro Dias, Morales, Morgan, O'Shea, Rosson, Schieffelin, Son,   
                                                                            Thebaudeau, Tink, Tuzzolino, Uhrig, Ullrich, Williams, YHRD samples
                                                       Branch 4E
                                                         Hegie, Hegy, Jarvis, Politis, Stevens
                                                        Branch 4J .....including DYS391=7 subgroup
                                                         Allaire, Allan, Bloom,  Botteron, Campbell. Cowan, Garbutt,  Irick, Lucero, Martinez, Morgan, 
                                                                            Romero, Serna, Shepard,  Wackes, Wilson, Wood, YHRD samples     
                                                       Branch 4K 
                                                         Perch
                                                       Branch 6A 
                                                         Blizzard, Brandstoettner, Cook, Ellis, Federle, Kerstetter, Kite, Koch, Kot, Massey, McCarver,
                                                                            Merrill, Moore, Morris, Phillips, Reed, Wagner, Wadsworth, Walker
                                                       Branch 8A 
                                                         Colby, Conley, Corban, Cots, Eddy, Erlandson, Gahm, Hartman, Hartmann, Hempel, Hutter,  
                                                                            Hutton, Kachuba, Lawrence, List, Marinetti, Morrow, Norton, Panetta, Perez, Rainwater, 
                                                                            Roscoe, Stirling, Stockton, Townsend, Wiegand, YHRD samples
                                                        Branch 8B 
                                                         Adkins, Arebalo, Armijo, Atencio, Cousins, Culbreth-Pollock, de Gallego, Fisher, Gallegos, Gouvea,
                                                                            Hennekens, Jiron, Merrell, Mountjoy, Pollock, Scott, Tarin-Segura, Timms, Vencl, Walker,
                                                                            Wenzel, YHRD samples
                                                        Branch 8E 
                                                          Clair, Fletcher, Heesom, Hinkle, Huesler, Kyle, YHRD samples, Zanolli 
                                                        Branch 8G    
                                                          Beckner
                                                        Branch 10A 
                                                         Carne, Coutteau, Flick, Hebel, Huebel, Lincoln, Leiter, Moose, Morel, Morsund, Mulkey, Mussknug, 
                                                                            Necessary, Romero, Roper, Streifender, YHRD samples
                                                       Branch 10E 
                                                         Barrett, Brown, Cisketti, Craft, Creamer, Deiss, Frohock, Gray, Harden, Hugly,
                                                                            Ingrao, Limebeer, Mettler, Moore,  Powell, Rey, Schaber, Shaver, Terry
                                                                         Branch 10R 
                                                                            Haesen, Haesenne, Miller
                                                       Branch 14A 
                                                           King, Knowles, Pflaum, Rodgers, Rogers, Stuber, Thompson  
                                                       Branch 14E 
                                                         Knowles, Skipper  
                                                       Branch 14F  
                                                         Baugh, Bohne, Brace, Cope,  Delichte,  Desmond, Elliott, Everett, Ferrini,  Griffith, 
                                                                            Hardaway, Hildreth, Hosey, Jackson, Kjelsen, Legeer, Linnstaedt, Macesich, Michelon,  
                                                                            Morriss, Myers, Ogg, Osterwald-Lenum, Perez, Pfeiffer, Purdon, Reed, Retzlaff,
                                                                            Roeloffzen, Rosado, Salvail, Sartorio, Smith, Sowers, Stover, Stucchi, Tabain, Trometer, 
                                                                            Vance, Vezina, Whitmore, YHRD samples
                                                                       Branch 14M
                                                        Risner
                                                     Branch 20A  
                                                       Callioni, Carriveau, Corriveau, de Lorenz, Lancaster, Mannshardt, YHRD samples
                                                     Branch 20B 
                                                        Atcher, Bailey, Britton, Brouillard,Bullock, Carter, Dolara, Dupuis, Hilts, Klausner, Koch, Krider,
                                                                           LaPoint, Mears, Ohls, Porlier, Renibe, Schroll, Sparkman, Spiller, Weisner, Wilson, Younts Modders 
                                                     Branch 26A 
                                                        Booher, Budig, Case, Divitschek, Dubs, Forster, Goetz, Griffith, Hillier, Katsaitis, Kay, Kaye, Kays, 
                                                                          Keay, Key, Keyes, Lannin, Lanning, Likens, Marlett, Maul, Mikalson, Miller, Olive, Peel, Plummer, 
                                                                          Plunkett,  Poetgens, Quinn, Schoch, Seabaugh, Souders, Tatum, Teaney, Teune, Thups, Tomlinson, 
                                                                          Ward, Williams, YHRD samples
                                                     Branch 26C 
                                                        Bennett,  Mangus, Mingus, Murray, Platt, Reichenbach, YHRD samples
                                                     Branch 29A    
                                                        Blume, Bowlin, Callioni, Lang, Wilson  
                                                     Branch 34F  
                                                       Coffman, Sykes 
                                                    Branch 34G        
                                                      Smithers
                                                     Branch 34J 
                                                      Arnolds, Arnoldy, Beard, Clemens, Illbruck, Perrodin, Sholder, Witsman  
                                                    Branch 42A   
                                                      della Giustina, Griggs, May, Nichols, Pike, Reynolds, Singleton, Stewart
                                                    Branch 42F   
                                                      Ahronovitz, Aronov, Barchehath, Curtis, French, Goldberg, Hamman, Hammonds, Knop,   
                                                                        Lewis, Personett, Reeves, Renner, Roper, Shani, Sill, Terry, Trammell, Wilde, Wildey,  
                                                                        Wiley, YHRD samples
                                                     Branch 50A    
                                                      Howard, Schmidt, Smith
                                                      Branch 52A
                                                      Cunci, Howard, Murphy,  Peacock, Sheats, Smith, Snoek, Turner, Weeks
                                                      Branch 52C   
                                                      Bonanno, Stokes  
                                                     Branch 58C  
                                                      Dillman, Robinson, Shaver, Smith, Stillman
                                                     Branch 64A  ....including DYS464a=9 subgroup
                                                      Cook, Fortner, Fortney, Garbutt, Hamilton, Hollinger, Jansen, Ladnier, Nichols, Reich, Rich,  
                                                                        Taylor, YHRD samples
                                                     Branch 68A  
                                                                         Kung, Pratts, Prickett
                                                      Branch 68B   
                                                                        Bradway, Gilbert, Grace, Hicks, King, Kniefel, Kuonen, Long, Matti, Redman, Sartorio,
                                                                        Smolenyak, Stacy
                                                     Branch 68E    
                                                       Albertson, August, Ayers, Corder, French, Hauser, Hooser, McQuate, Van Raepenbusch, 
                                                                       Watson. YHRD samples      
                                                G2a3b1a G2a3b1a Subgroup .... U1+....  no samples available
                                                    G2a3b1a1 
                                                          G2a3b1a1 Subgroup....L13+ (or S131+ or U13+ or L78+) Part 1  [G2a3b1 at Family Tree DNA]   
                                                          Austin, Barton, Beistel, Bentley, Birch, Bopp, Dell, Delong, Eckhardt,   
                                                                             Gleason, Hadland, Hall, Harasztosi, Heinserling, Hencerling, Hensarling,  Higdon, Hofmeister,
                                                                             Hopkins, Horton, Kirk, Lafon, Maynard, Maynor, Mohar, Oppedisano, Pardo,  Phibbs,
                                                                             Reitter, research study, Riede, Rummler, Sargent, Sebestyen, Sedlak, Souders,  
                                                                             Spencer, Stabley, Steach, Stone, Tims, Weber, Williams, Willis, YHRD samples, Young 
                                                          G2a3b1a1 Subgroup....L13+ (or S131+ or U13+ or L78+) Part 2 [G2a3b1 at Family Tree DNA]       
                                                            "AG," Albright, Archuleta, Barbetz, Barela, Baumann, Baumgardner, Beiler, Bennett, Beno, Bergmann, 
                                                                              Berkman, Beyeler, Bobb, Boiler, Boni, Bowman, Brabec, Breznikar, Bricker, Bridenbecker, Brookman,  
                                                                              Brukmann, Bustos, Byler, Carter, Cestari, Christy, Crowell, Crumley, Degagne, Del Balzo, Demarco, Encinas,   
                                                                              Endress, Ford, Foster, Frederick, Friedrich, Frimmer, Gabel, Gambale, Gay, Geisler, Golden, Gonzales, 
                                                                              Gonzales Barela, Gostynsky, Gramlich, Griego, Grissom, Guenther, Gustanski, Hagen, Hall, Harasztosi, Hill,
                                                                              Hoffman,  Howard, Hyatt, Johnson, Kasnick, Keeslar, Knight, Kuehnling, Kugel, L'Archeveque, Lees, Lowry,
                                                                              Maisel, Marinari, Martin, Maternick, Mora, Mortensen, Moser, Mourad Pereira, Musquar, Nemeth, Nieto,
                                                                              Oppedisano, Padilla, Palazzolo, Peachey, Petro, Poelman, Rainey, Raser, Regna, Renda, Renner, Riedl,
                                                                              research study, Rodeffer, Sandor, Schaller, Seidars, Sipp, Sorbara, Spadafora, Spatola, Stover, Thomas,   
                                                                              Unrine, Vaillant, Van Ert, Van Steenbergen, Veneziano, Ventani, Voegele, Vorster, Webster, Werner, Wirtz,  
                                                                              YHRD samples, Zoccoli
                                      G2a3b1b G2a3b1b Subgroup....L43+ or S147+ and DYS388=13     
                                           Cortinas
                                                G2a3b1b1 G2a3b1b1 Subgroup....L42+ or S146+ and DYS388=13    
                                               Beery, Brown, Clinton, Gaudet, Gaudette, Gerber,  Goff, Haefeli, Haury, Hayes, Howry, Jones, 
                                                              Langland, Leu, Liehr, Lynn, Marlatt, Marschall, Mason, Mills, Myers, Nyman, Peries, Phalen, 
                                                              Porta, Redpath, research study, Ronneberg, Rufener, Smith, Steck, Swanstrom, Villescas, Weis, 
                                                              Welty, Wise, Wynkoop, YHRD samples
                                          G2a3b1c ....L139+  G2a3b1c Subgroup   
                                           Marquardt                                                                                      
                                   G2a3b2 ....L177+ ....G2a3b2 Subgroup   
                                           Atha, Athan, Athey, Athy, Harley    
                                G2a4  ... G2a4 Subgroup ....L91+
                                   Aboulhamid, Alaoui, Allen, Gerace, Kraus, Kun, Mock, Ricchiazzi, Roukens, Sebastian,  
                                               Sebestyen, Toshie, YHRD sample        
            G2b ....M287+
             G2c ... M377+ or L72+
                                                Because there is a separate project with info on these men
                                                 there is no duplicated version of the results here.  Link to                   
                                                         Haplogroup G2c Project 
                                           For information on what is known of the origins of the G2c group and migrations and time
                                                    relationships to other G groupings    link to the migration-time page  
                                           for a complete G2c project results list.   This will not include some samples found 
                                           only in the Y-Search database.  A high percentage of those in Y-Search will display by
                                           using this link and choosing a genetic distance of 2 and typing in the phrase displayed
                                          All these men share a common male ancestor who lived perhaps about 700 years ago.  
                                                                         There seems to be a distinctive subgroup with DYS390=24 and DYS594=9
                                                         Ader, Adlin, Amolsky, Amsterdam, Applebaum, Arbit, Arnold, Awad, Bai, Balanky, Barasch, Bauer, 
                                                         Bayless, Beck, Becker, Belkin, Bell, Besprosvani, Block, Bogdanow, Braun, Brenner, Brody, Bronsky, Burtnick, 
                                                         Carmel, Caspi, Chait, Chasin, Cohen, Cutter, Davis, Diamond, Dick, Dworkin, Engel, Ettinger,
                                                         Fefferman, Feldman, Finkel, Finkelstein, Fiol, Fortes, Fox, Franciscus, Frank, Freschl, Friedman, Frotman, 
                                                         Genach, Ginsberg,  Glutman, Goldberg, Goldson, Goldstein, Gordon, Grief, Groh, Gross, Grundfest,  Gump, Hagedorn,
                                                         Halpern, Hawkins, Hecht, Henoch, Hershfield, Herzbrun, Hoffman, Ivins, Jacobs, Jeff, Joseph, Kane, Kaplan,  
                                                         Katz, Katzman, Keilson, Kendall, Kivel, Klein, Kliman, Korwin, Kreindler, Kronish, Krotenberg,  Kurtz, 
                                                         Ladyjensky, Laites, Lakritz, Larky, Lawson, Ledeen, Leiser, Leites,Levenson, Levi, Levin, Levinson, Linz, 
                                                         Lipman,  Loebl, Luria, Lutchinizer, Mack, Mayaffit,  Meiselman, Miller, Morgenstern, Moseley, Nadler, Narruhn, 
                                                         Neff,  Northy, Oberman, Pearlman, Petry, Pienionzek, Pollack, Poticha, Prendergast, Putterman, Raphaelson,  
                                                         Rees, Richman, Robbins, Rogosin, Ronin, Rosenberg, Rosicky,  Sachs, Saltzman, Schneider, Scheiner,
                                                         Schneegurt, Schreier, Schwartz, Segal, Servian, Shanken, Shapera, Shapiro, Shindell, Shornick, Shrank,
                                                         Silverman, Sirmon, Solomon, Stacel, Stansky, Stern, Stiebel, Strom, Sultan, Tambor, Torop, Touber,
                                                         Trunk, Tucker, Tuteur, Weil,  Weintraub,Weiss, Weitz, Wenzelberg, White, Winston, Wolfson, Wolins, 
                                                         Wolinsky, Wrobel, Zevin, Ziliberberg, Zivin, Zold
                                                         Middle Eastern G2c* category:  Laiocana, Nasr, Rachid, Salem, Thomas
                                                         Unclassified G2c* category: Colonell, 
                                                         In Y-Search only:  Kolber, Meinhardt, Merton, Preis, Rhode, Singman
                                       G2c1 ... M283+ 
                                                These men's info will be found at the G2c project site (see just above)
                                                 Durrani, Gazi, Nawab          
            Others with marker values similar to several groups and thus unclassifiable                  
                     Acker,  Berardi, Bloching, Cigliano, Coats, Colicino, Conversa, Cortez Vega, Cox, Csurar, 
                            Demontis, Destro, Donis, Fallavolilta,  Filigenzi, Gerace, Grischenko, Hollenback, Kapletia,  
                            Mamary, Marcos, Mizrahi, Peretta, research study samples, Rigoli,  Saba,     
                            Saba, Salisbury, Sanders, Savage, Schoebi, Singh, Tommeraasen, Turk,  
                           Watson, YHRD samples
                                                                                 

The Family Tree DNA categorization of G samples  
                           
There exists a version of the listing of G categories provided by Family Tree DNA.  This is according to
the lab's standard format which means many limitations in the display.  Perhaps the most serious limitation
involves very short titles for categories. Using the category names listed above on this page you should be able
to match the categories  to the ones at Family Tree.  Sometimes the Family Tree category titles use group numbers
rather than a descriptive title, and the categories at Family Tree are subdivided less for large groups than above. 
The categorization at Family Tree DNA is not automatic.  Each sample has been individually placed according
to a category.

The advantages of the Family Tree listing is that samples all are on the same page.  Haplogroup entries in green
represent categories confirmed by SNP testing.  Red entries for this catergory are only predicted by the lab.  In my
categorizations, all names pertaining to a specific SNP have the same background color no matter how many
subgroups are encompassed by a particular SNP.

Some of the men listed are fully confirmed to be in the SNP category listed.  Others, especially those
with only 12 markers as the only test result, are only predicted to be in that category.
Link to the Family Tree version of G categorization in wide screen format.  This may not function during
peak times of usage and may load slowly (or not at all) over slow connections.

A different version of the Family Tree DNA display exists.  It is more cumbersome due to using a window
within a window, but it has a GoogleMap showing the ancestral origins of members which are
generally correct but may have some guesses. Separate map displays are available for G categories using the
menu at top left.  You will have to zoom in to see any details.  About 86% of project members have provided
locations of their oldest known ancestor.  It is recommended that you NOT use the wide screen format option on
this page as there is a distinct possibility the screen will not have enough memory.


Thanks to Peter Christy, Bill Van Hemert, Ted Kandell, Whit Athey and others who have provided research
or participant recruitment.  All surnamed samples are from persons who have joined the Haplogroup G
project at Family Tree DNA or public databases or are from persons not in public databases
who have given specific permission for display of their data.  Anyone desiring to have their samples
removed, need only request this.  Any errors are my sole responsibility, and I will willingly change
anything that is not correct.

Contact Ray Banks