Schultz Financial Mgmt Corp

 

Risk-Controlled Portfolios for Serious Investors

 

Investment Approach
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Our Risk-Controlled Approach

 

Schultz Financial Management has an investment philosophy centered around a single belief - that the key to consistent, long-term success is achieving an optimal balance between enhancing return and managing risk. 

 

We have developed a unique systematic and disciplined approach to managing risk-controlled investment portfolios for our clients.

 

We seek to earn attractive investment returns while managing portfolio risk through a combination of diversification and trend following techniques as described below.  

 

1.  Diversification by Asset Class

 

First, and foremost, we help our client's determine what type of investments to own and what percentage to allocate to each.  This is often referred to as asset allocation.  The types of investments or asset classes that we use include cash equivalents, bonds, real estate, and stock. Historically, each of these asset classes have had low correlation with the others.

 

The effectiveness of this type of asset diversification in reducing overall investment risk is illustrated below for the "bear market" period in stocks from 2000-2002. 

 

Total Returns Using 4 Asset Classes

 

Asset Class

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

10% Cash  6.3% 6.4% 4.5% 4.2% 3.5%
40% Bonds 11.6% 8.4% 10.2% 4.1% 4.3%
10% REITs  31.0% 12.3% 3.6% 36.7% 32.1%
40% Stocks -9.1% -11.9% -22.2% 28.7% 10.7%
Avg Return  -4.7% 0.5% -4.0% 17.2% 9.6%

 

Data Source:

Cash Equivalents:  Ryan Labs 3-Year GIC Index

Bonds: Lehman Aggregate Bond Index

Real Estate Inv. Trusts:  Wilshire REIT Index

Stocks:  S&P 500 Index

 

 

2.   "Core" High Quality Investments

 

During periods of economic or political uncertainty, the stock and/or bond markets may come under extreme pressure causing a "flight to quality" among investors.  When this occurs, high quality bonds and large "blue chip" stocks will perform better than less favored lower quality issues.

 

For this reason, we believe that only high quality assets should be assigned a "core" long term position in an investment portfolio.

 

 

"Core" Allocation

 

 

 

Core Stocks:  Typically our core allocation is invested in a basket of leading Large Growth stocks and / or dividend paying Large Value stocks.  As part of a core position, it is our intention that these baskets will remain fully invested in stocks throughout a normal business cycle.  As an active manager, we monitor and replace stocks as appropriate in order to reduce risk and enhance return.

 

Core Bonds:  Rather than buying bond mutual funds that can result in a loss of principal, we prefer to buy high rated individual bonds.  If interest rates rise, we can hold these bonds until they mature to ensure a full return of principal and interest.  The individual bonds in our High Quality Bond strategy are selected based upon the type of account, tax bracket, and income needs of the client.  The Trust Deed Fund which invests in real estate backed mortgages may also be held as a core position.

 

 

3.  "Trend Following" Investments

 

The "trend following" portion in our managed portfolios is designed to quickly adapt to current market trends in order to capitalize on shorter term opportunities.  Most important however, is our ability to preserve capital by switching to cash during market downturns.

 

For both stocks and bonds, we use proprietary trend following "market-timing" indicators that we monitor on a daily basis.    

 

 "Trend Following" Allocation

 

 

Market Timed Stocks:  This consists of multiple market-timing strategies.  Each strategy uses a trend following approach to participate in stocks that are experiencing strong upward momentum, but employs a hedging strategy and / or switches to a cash position during market declines.

 

The Timed Stock Fund strategy in normally invested in 3 exchange traded funds ("ETFs") from a candidate list of style and sector funds that include large growth, large value, mid-cap growth, mid-cap value, small-cap growth, small-cap growth, real estate, consumer staples, gold bullion, Japan, Europe, Latin America, and Pacific (excl Japan).  During market down trends, this strategy will be  invested in a money market fund.

 

The Timed Large Growth Stock strategy is invested in individual large cap growth stocks that are experiencing strong earnings growth and price appreciation.  While diversified, this strategy will tend to be over weighted in stronger performing sectors and industry groups.   During market down trends, stock exposure is reduced and a hedging instrument is used to protect against further stock market declines. 

 

In a similar manner, the Timed Mid-Cap Growth Stock strategy is invested in individual mid cap stocks.

 

Market Timed Bonds:  Our Timed Bond Fund strategy is normally invested in a corporate high yield bond fund.  During down trends in high yield bond funds, the strategy may invest in either a high quality bond fund or a money market fund. 

 

 

4.  Hybrid Strategies that Reduce Risk

 

Hybrid strategies can add diversification to your portfolio and reduce risk.  For conservative investors, we may recommend these strategies as less risky alternatives to ownership of stocks or traditional stock mutual funds.  Of the many hybrid strategies available, we use strategies that have historically realized long-term returns comparable to stock market averages but with much less risk. 

 

The Long / Short Strategy is invested in a diversified group of stocks and short the stock market average.  The objective of this strategy is to provide a conservative way to invest in stocks that can make money when the overall stock market is going up or down. 

 

The Covered Call Fund implements a strategy of owning stocks and hedging the downside risk in those stocks by selling stock options for additional income.  However, as stocks increase in value, gains in the stocks may be partially reduced as a result of losses that occur from selling options.

 

The Convertible Fund owns convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks.  These convertible securities may be converted to common stock of the issuing company at a predetermined price.  This type of fund has upside appreciation potential similar to common stocks, but because of the attractive dividend income generated from these convertible securities, the downside risk is significantly reduced.

 

The Convertible Arbitrage Fund owns convertible bonds of publicly traded companies and shorts the underlying stock.  This fund is expected to do perform well in both up and down markets.

 

For wealthy investors we utilize an Asset Backed Financing Fund that is a "fund of funds" hedge fund that provides attractive total returns in a rising interest rate environment.

Investment Strategies

 

Definition of Terms

To assist the reader in understanding the investment philosophy and implementation, a description of how we use various investment terms is provided below.

 

Risk-Controlled Portfolio: This is an investor's entire investment portfolio not including home, personal property, and liquid funds needed for living expenses and emergencies.  The Portfolio is tailored to meet an investor's objective, and regularly maintained to control risk.

 

Asset Allocation:  This is the division of the Risk-Controlled Portfolio into the most basic or general types of investment assets (called asset classes).  This diversification is the most important factor in determining the overall behavior of the portfolio.

 

Investment Strategy:

This is a subset of an asset class with a very specific investment objective.  For example:    Within the asset class for stocks, a growth stock strategy and a value stock strategy could be used.

 

Funds:  These are mutual funds that are managed by a 3rd party to a specific investment strategy.  Investors typically own a fractional portion of an entire mutual fund.

 

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs):  These are index funds or trusts that are listed on an exchange and can be traded intraday.  ETFs are designed to generally replicate the holdings and correspond to the performance and yield of their underlying index.

 

Bond Ladder:   A series of bonds that mature at regular intervals.  The bonds are held directly in a brokerage account.  These are often created in the High Quality Bond Strategy.

 

Preserving Capital

We believe that investors can earn attractive investment returns without taking undue risk.

 

However, without a game plan, investors will allow their human emotions to negatively influence their decision making during periods of stress.

 

The key to success is following a disciplined and systematic investment approach that limits downside investment risk and preserves capital.

 

Sports Analogy

As investment advisors, we believe in the popular sports ideology, "a good defense is more important than a good offense". 

 

Unwise investors focus on "offense", and invest aggressively without a defensive strategy for preserving capital during difficult market conditions.

 

However a more prudent investor will focus on both "offense" and "defense", but put a higher priority on "defense."   They know that if they are able to effectively manage the downside risk during difficult market conditions, they may avoid costly mistakes that could prevent them from realizing their investment goals. 

 

Investment Math

An investment portfolio that drops by 25% in value, requires a 33.3% return to recover the loss.

An investment portfolio that drops by 10% in value, only requires a 11.1% return to recover. 

 

This demonstrates why successful long term investing must start with having an effective strategy for managing downside risk during difficult market conditions.

 

   
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© Schultz Financial Management 2002