Section

Site Name, Summary

Geographical Location and Description

Purpose of Acquisition

Management Objectives

Financial Information

Cultural Resources

Hazardous Materials

Local & Regional Issues

Threats

List of Maps & Appendices

Figure 1 - Location and Linkage Map of San Diego County

Figure 2 - Parcel Map(s) of Fanita Ranch

Figure 2-1 Regional Location of the Project

Figure 2-2 Project Vicinity on USGS

Figure 3-4 MSCP Land Area

Figure 3-6 Community Park Site Plan

Figure 4A-1 Surrounding County Land Use Designations

Figure 4C-3 Surrounding Land Uses

Figure 4C-4: Photograph location map

Figure 4C-8 Grading Plan Shown on Aerial Photograph

Figure 4E-1 Existing Vegetation

Figure 4E-2 Existing Vegetation & Locations-Northern

Figure 4E-3: Sensitive Plant and Animal Species Locations -Southern

Table 4E-1 Vegetation Types and Area (acres)

Table 4E-2 Observed Sensitive Plant Species

Table 4E-3 Sensitivity Codes

Table 4E-4: Sensitive Wildlife Species

Table 4E-5: Direct Impacts to Vegetation Types

Table 4E-6: Direct Impacts to Sensitive Plants

Table 4E-7: Direct Impacts to Sensitive Animals

Table 4E-8: Project Habitat Conservation

Supplemental MSCP Maps

LWCF Project Summary

Fanita Ranch Photographs

• 1. Site Name

Fanita Ranch - Sycamore Canyon Ecological Reserve is the proposed name for the Conceptual Area Protection Plan (CAPP).

Fanita Ranch was named after Fannie McKoon, the wife of Santee pioneer Hosmer McKoon. Santee's northern hills are the remaining undeveloped portion of the historic ranch. Sycamore Canyon runs the length of Fanita Ranch from north to south with Sycamore Canyon Creek creating the western boundary of the site.

Fanita Ranch is rich with various classifications of threatened and endangered flora and fauna and can be managed through cooperative agreement by any combination of entities such as the Back Country Land Trust, City of Santee, Padre Dam Municipal Water District or the Dept of Fish & Game. The adjacent Sycamore Canyon - Goodan Ranch Preserve is jointly managed by the cities of Poway and Santee, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation.

• 2. Summary

Through acquisition, the geographic location and topography of Fanita Ranch will significantly enhance the regional Multiple Species Preserve (MSCP) by serving as a natural buffer for the heart of central county habitat. Fanita Ranch will tie together major open space areas (some of which are already publicly owned). Mission Trails Park, MCAS Miramar, (70-75% preserve projections for the S.D. Elliot properties) to the west, Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon Preserve, San Vicente Cornerstone, and Iron Mountain to the north and northeast, all make up the only significant block of low fragmented habitat in Central San Diego County. These lands (in conjunction with Barona Indian Reservation and remote private lands) form a connected habitat block to the Cleveland National Forest and the Anza-Borrego Desert. Linkage to the ocean exists through Poway and Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve in the City of San Diego and also by the highly constrained San Diego River. The 190 acre Santee Lakes Regional Park and Campground in lower Sycamore Canyon is habitat for 172 avian species and creates the southwestern boundary for Fanita Ranch.

The steep hills of Fanita Ranch on its southern portion protect the Sycamore Canyon watershed on the ranch's northern interior by creating a natural geographic barrier to the urban development located in Santee. This steep topographical barrier is a key natural boundary beneficial to the management and integrity of the entire site.

Fanita Ranch has a rich diversity of flora and fauna due to the varied topography, soil types and the unique geography of its expansive 2,589 acres. Fifteen native plant communities or habitat types have been identified on Fanita Ranch along with five non-native habitat types. The dominant plant community on Fanita Ranch is coastal sage scrub which comprises almost half of the vegetative composition on-site totaling 1,311.4 acres. Portions of Fanita Ranch can be considered more of a vegetative mosaic with other plant communities such as valley needle grass, broom baccharis scrub and annual grasslands interspersed with the coastal sage scrub. Other habitat types on-site include 619.1 acres of southern mixed chaparral, 218.7 acres of annual grassland, 174.4 acres of valley needle grassland, 14.7 acres of sycamore alluvial woodland, 11.4 acres of southern coast live oak riparian forest, 8.8 acres of coast live oak woodland, 1.6 acres of southern willow scrub, and 1.2 acres of coast and valley freshwater marsh, all creating a unit of very high habitat diversity. (The acreage associated with the vernal pools has been calculated into the grassland habitat.)

This rich plant assemblage on Fanita Ranch supports an equally impressive congregation of mammal and invertebrate wildlife species including twenty-one mammal species, twenty-two species of reptiles and amphibians, and twenty-nine species o f butterflies. Sensitive mammal species on site include the San Diego desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida intermedia) and San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus bennettii). Six sensitive reptiles and amphibians were observed including the orange-throated whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi), the northern red-diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber ruber), and the western spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus hammondi).

Over one hundred avian species have been observed on-site including the federally threatened coastal California gnatcatcher (polioptila californica californica: gnatcatcher) and the federal and state endangered least Bell’s vireo (Vireo belli pusillus; vireo). Fanita Ranch has supported between 20-34 pairs of gnatcatchers from 1989-1992 prior to a wildfire in about 1993. Surveys in 1996 and 1997 observed about half of the pre-fire numbers of gnatcatchers. Sixteen other sensitive avian species have been observed on site including the southern California rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps canescens), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), blue grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea), and coastal cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus cousei). Six raptor species have been observed foraging on-site including the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Several of these species nest on or adjacent to Fanita Ranch including the Cooper’ hawk (Accipter cooperi), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and the white-tailed kite (Elanus caeruleus). The approximately 400 acres of grassland can strengthen the MSCP in a weak area, creating the possibility of future coverage for the grasshopper sparrow.

Six species of sensitive plants were observed in addition to the State endangered willowy mondarella (Monardella liniodes spp. viminea). Some of the sensitive plant species on-site include the San Diego barrel cactus (Ferocactus viridescens) with 583 individuals and several small populations of variegated dudleya (Dudleya variegata) consisting of approximately 1000 individuals.

Preservation can create a legal access now lacking for recreators to the Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon Preserve from Santee. This provides access to the Trans-County Trail running through Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon Preserve. The trail will stretch from Torrey Pines State Park on the Pacific Ocean, through the Cleveland National Forest, Cuyamaca State Park, and Anza -Borrego Desert State Park when fully constructed. Fanita Ranch trails are currently used for unauthorized hiking, mountain biking, and nature observation. Hence, acquisition can align both community and biological goals.

Ownership and management of the site can be achieved through a cooperative agreement with the Back Country Land Trust, the City of Santee, the Padre Dam Municipal Water District and the Department of Fish & Game.

• 3. Geographical Location and Description

Fanita Ranch

2,589 acres generally described as:

A portion of fractional Section 4 Township 15, South, Ranch I West, San Bernardino Meridian, According to Official Plat, all being in the City of /Santee, County of San Diego, State of California.

Assessor parcel numbers:

374-030-02; 374-050-02; 374-060-01; 374-010-06; 376-020-03; 376-030-01; 378-020-50, 51; 378-030-04; 378-381-49; 378-382-58; 378-391-59; 378-392-61,62; 380-030-18; 380-040-43,44; 380-231-21; and 380-730-22,23

The Fanita Ranch Specific Plan area covers 2,589 acres in the northern portion of the city of Santee in eastern San Diego County. The city is approximately 20 miles due east of the Pacific Ocean and about 15 miles northeast of downtown San Diego.

Fanita Ranch lies north of SR-52 and west of SR-67. Primary access to the site boundaries is currently from Mast Boulevard and Fanita Parkway, with secondary access provided by the residential streets of Carlton Hills Boulevard, Halberns Boulevard, Cecilwood Drive, and Birchcrest Boulevard. (See Figure 2-1 Regional Location of the Project, Figure 2-2 Project Vicinity, Figure 4A-1 Surrounding County Land Use Designations, Figure 4C-3 Surrounding Land Uses, & Figure 4C-4 Photograph Location Map).

Topographically, the site is typified by a series of northeast-to-southwest trending ridge lines which create finger canyons and several large areas of flat or gently rolling terrain. Elevations in the northeast corner of the property are approximately 1,200 feet above mean sea level (MSL) and approximately 475 feet above MSL in the southwest corner. Slope gradients vary widely, ranging from 0 to 10 percent in the northwest, 10 to 19 percent near ridgetops, occasional instances of 20 to 30 percent throughout the site, and a concentration of more than 30 percent slopes in the southern portion of the site. Gentle and moderate slopes predominate in the valley floor in the northwest and west central portions of the site and more gently sloping or relatively level terrain in the remainder of the property.

Standard subdivisions and Low density and hillside/limited residential areas occur along the southern project boundary. Adjacent to the eastern boundary of the property is the rural community of Eucalyptus Hills, which is in unincorporated San Diego County. This community is in the Lakeside Community Plan area and is designated for residential uses at one dwelling unit per 1, 2, and 4 acres. Most of the other lands to the east and northeast of Fanita Ranch are either undeveloped or developed with Low density residential uses.

Other surrounding land uses include mostly natural open space, recreational, and Low density single-family residential. Due north of the project site and west of SR-67 lies the 1,600-acre Sycamore Canyon County Open Space Preserve with the adjacent 321-acre Goodan Ranch preserve. Adjacent to the northwestern boundary of the property is the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) which includes thousands of acres of undeveloped land, much of which is in a natural state. MCAS operations occasionally occur on the base. To the southwest is the 6,200-acre natural resource-based Mission Trails Regional Park.

Also to the southwest of the Fanita Ranch project site is a 190-acre wastewater treatment facility owned and operated by the Padre Dam Municipal Water District. The facility is located within the Santee Lakes Recreation Area which is made up seven lakes of reclaimed water. These lakes and the surrounding area provide for a major visual and recreational feature in the city of Santee.

Improvements on site consist of chain link fencing and gates on the southern boundary of the property. Some of these gates should be modified for public access. Stretches of historic barbed wire fence exist on the northeast boundary. A paved 100 yard extension of Carlton Hills Boulevard with approximately 27 acres of prior grading and slope stabilization with storm drains occurs at the southern boundary. This area should serve as a major public access to the preserve and the 27 graded acres could be dedicated to the City of Santee for developed park land with a joint interpretive center/public library ("Sycamore Canyon Interpretive Library") as the gateway to preserved habitat. (See Figure 3-6 Community Park Site Plan). A 300 yard unpaved extension of Fanita Parkway exits which includes underground utilities on the southwestern boundary.

4. Purpose of Acquisition

Fanita Ranch will significantly enhance the regional Multiple Species Conservation Plan (MSCP) by serving as a natural buffer for the heart of central county habitat. Fanita Ranch will tie together major open space areas (some of which are already publicly owned) and protect the Sycamore Canyon watershed on the ranch's northern interior by securing a key natural geographic barrier to the urban development located in Santee.

Conservation will protect an impressive congregation of mammal and invertebrate wildlife species including twenty-one mammal species, twenty-two species of reptiles and amphibians, twenty-nine species of butterflies, over one hundred avian species including the federally threatened coastal California gnatcatcher (polioptila californica californica: gnatcatcher) and the federal and state endangered least Bell’s vireo (Vireo belli pusillus; vireo), sixteen other sensitive avian species, and six species of sensitive plants, sensitive mammal species and six sensitive reptiles and amphibians.

Conservation creates a legal access now lacking for recreators to the Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon Preserve from Santee. This provides access to the Trans-County Trail running through Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon Preserve. The trail will stretch from Torrey Pines State Park on the Pacific Ocean, through the Cleveland National Forest, Cuyamaca State Park, and Anza -Borrego Desert State Park when fully constructed.

Acquisition aligns both community and biological goals.

Natural Communities and Associated Sensitive Species

Coastal Sage Scrub

Coastal sage scrub is a native plant community composed of a variety of soft, low, aromatic shrubs, characteristically dominated by drought-deciduous species such as California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), flat-top buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), and sages (Salvia spp.), with scattered evergreen shrubs, including lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), and toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). It typically develops on south-facing slopes and other xeric situations. On-site, coastal sage scrub is variable. Much of it is dominated by California sagebrush and flat-top buckwheat, with laurel sumac, redberry (Rhamnus crocea), white sage (Salvia apiana), black sage (Salvia mellifera), San Diego County viguiera (Viguiera laciniata), toyon, and bush monkeyflower (Mimulus aurantiacus) as lesser components. In the southern portion of the site, a few patches are dominated by white sage- in the

north, redberry is the dominant shrub in some areas. This community supports a diverse understory of native herbs and forbs, including virgate tarplant (Holocarpha virgata), deerweed (Lotus scoparius), blue dicks (Dichelostemma capitatum), Cleveland’s shooting star (Dodecatheon clevelandii), blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum), canchalagua (Centaurium venustum), and several species of grasses, both native and introduced. The primary introduced grass is slender wild oat (Avena barbata).

Southern Mixed Chaparral

Southern mixed chaparral is a drought- and fire-adapted community of woody shrubs, frequently forming dense, impenetrable stands. It develops primarily on mesic north-facing slopes and in canyons. This association is typically a mixture of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), mission manzanita (Xylococcus bicolor), ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.), scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia), laurel sumac, and black sage. On-site, southern mixed chaparral is common in the northern portion of the property at higher elevations. There is little or no understory in this community, except in openings. Characteristic shrubs on-site include chamise, black sage, laurel sumac, bushrue (Cneoridium dumosum), and mission manzanita. Understory species include dark-tipped bird’s-beak (Cordylanthus rigidus), rush-rose (Helianthemum scoparium), and ashy spike-moss (Selaginella cinerascens). Regionally, southern mixed chaparral is not considered a sensitive habitat; however, when it occurs in a mosaic distribution with other native communities such as coastal sage scrub and oak woodland, it may be of high value for native wildlife, contributing to the overall habitat heterogeneity and patch size. Southern mixed chaparral that contains rare plant species also may be considered sensitive.

Coast Live Oak Woodland

According to Holland (1986), coast live oak woodland is a broad-leaved, sclerophyllous woodland dominated by a single evergreen species, coast live oak. On-site, coast live oak woodland occurs as scattered patches, each of several trees, in the northern portion of the

property. Coast live oaks form small homogeneous stands, with a disturbed understory that includes ripgut grass (Bromus diandrus), smooth brome (Bromus hordeaceus), red brome (Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens), and slender wild oat. It is contiguous, or nearly so, with some areas of southern coast live oak riparian forest, but slightly higher in elevation and not associated with a drainage.

Southern Willow Scrub

Holland (1986) describes southern willow scrub as a dense, broad-leafed, winter-deciduous riparian thicket dominated by several species of willow (Salix spp.), with scattered emergent Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and western sycamore (Platanus racemosa). The closed canopy of this riparian community typically inhibits the development of a diverse understory. On-site, southern willow scrub is restricted to a small patch in the main drainage of Sycamore Canyon along the western edge of the property just north of the Padre Dam facilities. This patch is dominated by arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) and black willow (Salix gooddingii). Southern willow scrub is considered a wetland community and as such is under the jurisdiction of the California Department of Fish and Game,pursuant to Section 1600 et seq. of the California Fish and Game Code, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

Coastal and Valley Freshwater Marsh

Coastal and valley freshwater marsh (freshwater marsh) is a wetland habitat type that develops where the water table is at or just above the ground surface, such as around the margins of lakes, ponds, slow-moving streams, ditches, and seepages. It typically is dominated by tall, emergent monocots, such as cattail (Typha sp.) and bulrush (Scirpus sp.). On Fanita Ranch, freshwater marsh occurs at a number of disturbed sites where it is represented by small patches of emergent monocots. Most of the freshwater marsh is found along the improved or maintained drainage adjacent to Fanita Parkway and the access road to the upper Santee Lakes. This habitat generally is dominated by alien hydrophytes, including umbrella sedge (Carex alternifolius), annual beard grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), toad rush (Juncus bufonius), Washington palm (Washingtonia robusta), and others. One distinct area of freshwater marsh that occurs in a

relatively natural area adjacent to the Santee Lakes access road is dominated by Mexican rush (Juncus mexicanus) and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). The small area of marsh in the central portion of the site adjacent to sycamore alluvial woodland is actually a swale of Mexican rush and yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica).

Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest

Southern coast live oak riparian forest is an open to locally dense riparian woodland dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). According to Holland (1986) it is richer in herbs and poorer in understory shrubs than other riparian communities. On-site this community is represented by a broad band of sparsely distributed western sycamore and coast live oak, with scattered individuals of black willow and mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia), and an understory that includes poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), flat-top buckwheat, deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens), willowy monardella (Monardella linioides ssp. viminea), and several annuals. It occurs along the clearly defined waterway of Sycamore Creek, and was mapped as subject to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ jurisdiction.

Riparian habitats such as southern coast live oak riparian forest and southern willow scrub represent high quality wildlife habitat, providing structural diversity and water during much of the year. Many species of animals that are resident in adjacent scrub habitat forage in riparian areas during the drier times of the year.

Sycamore Alluvial Woodland

Sycamore alluvial woodland is an open to moderately closed, winter-deciduous, broad-leaved riparian woodland, dominated by well-spaced western sycamores (Platanus racemosa) with occasional individuals of Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicanus). The understory usually is comprised of introduced grasses or Baccharis species (Holland 1986). The large Sycamore Creek drainage supports the bulk of this habitat; however, two other small drainages have this vegetation. In Sycamore Creek, coast live oak is an important component, along with deergrass, mule fat, wild rye (Leymus glaucus), yerba mansa, Mexican rush, and poison-oak. Although this habitat at Fanita Ranch does not precisely agree with Holland’s description of sycamore alluvial woodland, it is closer to this community than any other Holland category.

Vernal Pool

Vernal pools are generally small, poorly drained depressions that occur in areas of level or gently undulating (mima mound) topography. These ephemeral ponds collect the runoff of winter and spring rains and support a unique biota adapted specifically to these temporary conditions. Once fairly common and widespread, this community has been reduced by greater than 95 percent of its former acreage in San Diego County.

The vernal pool ecosystem is characterized by a variety of plant and animal species adapted to aquatic conditions that occur for a brief period in the spring following winter rainfall, followed by intense desiccation. This habitat type typically develops in small depressions within mima mound topography on otherwise flat mesas of marine terraces or inland valleys where a semi-impermeable subsoil of clay or hardpan acts to collect runoff, resulting in a "perched water table." Many of the faunal and floral elements of vernal pools occur in no other habitat type.

Vernal pools were observed at two locations on-site. Vernal pool indicator species found in the pools include dwarf woolly-heads (Psilocarphus brevissimus), graceful hairgrass (Deschampsia danthonioides), longstalk water-starwort (Callitriche longipedunculata), grass poly (Lythrum hyssopifolium), harvest brodiaea (Brodiaea jolonensis), toad rush, and pygmy stonecrop (Crassula aquatics).

Valley Needlegrass Grassland

Valley needlegrass grassland is a native grassland characterized by the presence of perennial bunchgrasses, such as needlegrass (Nassella spp.). On-site, valley needlegrass grassland is dominated by non-native grasses, including red brome, soft-chess, and ripgut

grass. It is distinguished from non-native grassland by the presence of irregular tussocks of native needlegrass (Nassella pulchra). Other native species in these situations include blue-eyed grass, morning-glory (Calystegia macrostegia), blue dicks, wild onion (Allium sp.), Cleveland’s shooting star, San Diego goldenstar (Muilla clevelandii), sanicle (Sanicula arguta), dot-seed plantain (Plantago erecta), purple owl’s-clover (Castilleia exserta), and common goldenstar (Bloomeria crocea).

Almost all native grasslands on-site are disturbed as indicated by the abundance of invasive non-native species. Grasslands in which at least five percent of the cover consists of Nassella and other native species were considered valley needlegrass grasslands–all others were mapped as non-native grasslands.

Annual (Non-Native) Grassland

Where the native habitat has been disturbed frequently or intensively by grazing, fire, agriculture, or other activities, introduced annuals exist, primarily grasses, including especially slender wild oat, bromes (Bromus spp.) mustards (Brassica and Sisymbrium spp.), filaree (Erodium botrys), and Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus).

Ruderal

Ruderal habitat is similar to annual grassland in that alien species predominate over natives and native habitat recovery is unlikely, yet differs in the type of alien species present. Generally, ruderal habitat is characterized by forbs rather than grasses, such as black mustard (Brassica nigra), star-thistle (Centaurea melitensis), filaree, and sweet-fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).

Ornamental Plantings

Ornamental plantings refer to areas where ornamentals and landscaping have been installed. These areas are concentrated around the southern perimeter of the property adjacent to existing development. The primary vegetation in these areas includes eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and pepper trees (Schinus spp.).

Revegetation

Revegetation refers to those areas where native vegetation has been planted on cut and/or fill slopes. These areas are found around the water storage facility in the southwestern portion of the property at the terminus of Carlton Hills Boulevard. Revegetation areas are heterogeneous; some are dominated by native species and others support a large number of exotics. One patch of revegetated habitat north of the facility supports a dense, uniform stand of broom baccharis; the slope south of the facility supports a sparse mix of introduced coastal sage scrub species. Other slopes have a substantial component of Peruvian pepper-tree (Schinus molle) and laurel sumac, with a few native shrubs.

Wildlife

The native habitats that are present on-site provide foraging and cover habitat for a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species. A list of vertebrate species that were observed during the surveys is provided in Appendix E. A description of the wildlife observed using this site during the surveys is provided below.

Birds

One hundred eight species of birds were observed during recent surveys (see Appendix E for a list). The avifauna is comprised of a moderately diverse assemblage of species associated with coastal sage scrub and chaparral, along with several species found more commonly in riparian habitats, oak woodlands, and grasslands. Oak and sycamore woodlands and forests on-site provide habitat for a large variety of birds, the site represents foraging habitat for a variety of locally resident and seasonally visiting raptors, and several species of owls occur on the site, primarily in the woodlands.

Reptiles and Amphibians

Fifteen species of reptiles have been recorded on-site, and seven amphibian species were found during the survey. Another amphibian likely to occur on-site is the arboreal salamander (Ancedes lugubris).

Mammals

A cumulative total of 21 species of mammals has been recorded on the site, including rabbits, hares, rodents, coyotes, bobcat, and mountain lion. A variety of small mammals such as mice are likely to be present, and one or more species of bats probably occur on-site.

Invertebrates

Twenty-nine species of butterflies were observed in 1996 and 1997. The high plant species diversity on-site is undoubtedly accompanied by a high richness of insect species feeding on plants. In particular, there are probably over 200 species of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and a comparable number of Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps), and Diptera (flies). The riparian areas and vernal pools may provide habitat for a number of aquatic and/or semi-aquatic insects and other invertebrates.

Sensitive Plant Species

One species of plant listed as endangered by the CDFG was detected on-site: willowy monardella. Six additional plant species considered sensitive by resource agencies or conservation organizations also have been verified as occurring on the site: variegated dudleya (Dudleya variegata), San Diego barrel cactus (Ferocactus viridescens), Palmer’s grappling-hook (Harpagonella palmeri), San Diego goldenstar, ashy spike-moss (Selaginella cinerascens), and San Diego County viguiera. These species are discussed below and their locations are illustrated in the biological resources map (see Figures 4E-2 and 4E-3). Table 4E-2 also lists these species and their listing status or other sensitivity rating. Table 4E-3 is a key to the sensitivity codes uses in Table 4E-2.

Variegated dudleya is a small, ephemeral succulent that grows from a corm. It is restricted to southern San Diego County and adjacent northwestern Baja California, Mexico, typically found on coastal mesas with clay soils. It was formerly a Category 2 candidate for federal listing by the USFWS. There are several small populations of this species scattered throughout the site, but it appears to be more common in the southern portion of the property. The latest site surveys mapped 10 point localities and estimated the population to be approximately 1,000 plants. Surveys in 1992 yielded an estimate of 30-50 individuals on the site.

San Diego barrel cactus is a low, dome-like, perennial cactus, limited in distribution to San Diego County and adjacent Baja California, Mexico. The species is a former federal Category 2 candidate for listing. In San Diego County it occurs commonly on dry slopes in coastal sage scrub and chaparral communities. Although relatively common and widespread in the southern portion of the county, San Diego barrel cactus is continuing to decline in numbers as its habitats are reduced. San Diego barrel cactus is common in the western portion of Fanita Ranch on rocky, exposed slopes, usually with a southerly exposure, in coastal sage scrub and disturbed coastal sage scrub. Prior to the fire in 1993, the population on-site was estimated to be approximately 8,000 individuals. The latest surveys resulted in an estimate of 583 individuals.

Palmer’s grappling-hook is a widely distributed, diminutive annual in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties, on San Clemente Island, in Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora, Mexico. The species is a former federal Category 2 candidate for listing. It generally occurs on clay slopes and burns below about 3,000 feet in elevation, and flowers from February to April. Four populations of Palmer’s grappling-hook were reported from Fanita Ranch in 1992, all in the north-central portion of the property. The total estimated population on-site was 1,675 individuals. The large populations could not be verified in 1997, with surveys discovering three smaller patches with a total of about 150 plants.

Willowy monardella is an erect, rather dense, herbaceous perennial growing from a woody base. It is listed as an endangered species by CDFG and is a former federal Category 2 candidate for listing. It is endemic to San Diego County, occurring in rocky and sandy washes in cismontane riparian habitats below 800 feet in elevation, and is threatened by highway improvements, off-road-vehicle use, and urbanization. The species was reported in 1992 from oak riparian woodland along the northwestern edge of the site and at one locality in the northwest. It was estimated that approximately 1,000 individuals were present on-site. Direct counts of all willowy monardella in 1997 yielded 297 individuals, all of which were located along Sycamore Creek, Clark Canyon, and the canyon that runs east-west along the northern property line.

San Diego goldenstars is found only in southern San Diego County and adjacent northwestern Baja California, Mexico, and is a former federal Category 2 candidate for listing. This spring-blooming (March-May) herbaceous perennial occurs infrequently on clay soils on dry mesas and hillsides, and among vernal pools and native grasslands in Diegan coastal sage scrub or chaparral. Primary threats to this species are from illegal dumping on coastal mesas, off-road-vehicle activity, and urbanization. Dudek found Cleveland’s shooting star to be relatively common in the west-central portion of the site in 1996, predominantly in valley needlegrass grassland. In 1997, a resurvey of the same areas yielded many additional sites and very large, dense populations. A total of 136 acres is estimated to be occupied by Muilla clevelandii, with an additional 53 point localities.

Ashy spike-moss is a tiny, prostrate, whitish gray, mosslike plant which occurs in San Diego County and adjacent northwestern Baja California, Mexico. In San Diego County it ranges from about Camp Pendleton south to the international border. It is relatively abundant in coastal areas, occurring on flat mesas below 950 feet in elevation. Development of these areas has caused massive reduction of the habitat of the ashy spike-moss. This plant is one of the most common understory plants in coastal sage scrub and coastal chaparral communities, but has a restricted geographical range in southern California. Ashy spike-moss is common throughout much of the chaparral and coastal sage scrub on-site.

San Diego County viguiera is a moderate-sized, yellow-flowered, perennial shrub that blooms from about January to July. It is restricted to coastal sage scrub habitat below about 1,300 feet in elevation from southern San Diego County to northwestern Baja California, Mexico. In San Diego County, it is locally common south of Mission Valley; it ranges from the international border north to about Scripps Ranch, and extends east from the Pacific coast to Dulzura, Potrero, and Crest. Although many of the former sites of this plant have been lost to development, it is found in sufficient numbers and distributed widely enough that the potential for extinction or extirpation is low at this time. San Diego County viguiera is uncommon and patchily distributed in coastal sage scrub on-site, most abundant on south-facing slopes and occurring often with the San Diego barrel cactus. Dudek counted a total of 1,661 plants.

Sensitive Wildlife Species

One animal species listed as threatened by the USFWS, coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), and one species listed as endangered by the USFWS and the CDFG, least Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), were observed on the site. No other species of listed wildlife have been recorded on Fanita Ranch. Seven species formerly recognized as a Category 2 candidates for listing by the USFWS also have been observed on the site: southern California rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps canescens), Bell’s sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli belli), loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), orange-throated whiptail lizard (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus), San Diego horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum), northern red-diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber ruber), and San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus bennettii).

Nine additional species recognized as "species of special concern" by the CDFG have been documented from the site either historically or during recent surveys: white-tailed kite (Elanus caeruleus), Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperi), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus), long-eared owl (Asio otus), cactus wren (Campylorhychus brunneicapillus), two-striped garter snake (Thamnophis hammondi), coastal rosy boa (Boa trivirgata roseofusca), and western spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus hammondi). Other sensitive animal species observed on-site include golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia), blue grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens).

One sensitive butterfly species was not observed on the site but may be present. The quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas ediha, quino) is listed as endangered by the USFWS. Host plants for this species are present on the property; however, directed surveys were conducted and it was not observed. Two other invertebrate species listed as endangered by the USFWS, Riverside fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni) and San Diego fairy shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegonensis), were the subject of directed surveys but were not found on the site, and hydrated soil samples from on-site vernal pools were negative for both species.

The species listed above as observed and the two sensitive butterfly species are discussed below. These species, along with their sensitivity ratings by resource agencies and conservation organizations, are also listed in Table 4E-4. Their locations on the property, if pertinent, are shown in Figures 4E-2 and 4E-3.

Turkey vulture is not recognized as sensitive by the USFWS or the CDFG but is considered "declining" in San Diego County (Everett 1979). In southern California, turkey vultures are fairly widespread and may be observed foraging over open fields and grasslands. Unitt (1984) reports that vultures are common spring and fall migrants, uncommon to locally common winter visitors, and rare to uncommon summer residents in the county. They rely on carrion for food, and they are a valuable and necessary part of the food chain. Turkey vultures have declined throughout southern California in part because of poisoning and loss of habitat. Turkey vultures were observed foraging over the site during many surveys. No roosts or nests were observed.

Cooper’s hawk ranges through most of California and is a common winter migrant in San Diego County. It is a CDFG species of special concern. In San Diego County, Cooper’s hawk breeds almost exclusively in oak woodland habitats; in the winter they may be found in any woodland habitat. Populations of this species have declined steadily throughout the state probably as a result of habitat destruction, falconry, and pesticide abuse. This species was reported from the site in 1992 and was observed on-site in oak woodland by Dudek, where it is believed to nest.

Sharp-shinned hawk is a CDFG species of special concern; it also is a Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service watch list species due to declines in populations throughout its breeding range. The sharp-shinned hawk is a regular winter migrant in San Diego County and may be encountered in any woodland habitat. This species was reported on the site in 1992.

Golden eagle is an uncommon resident in San Diego County. It is federally protected under the Bald Eagle Act and is a CDFG fully protected species and species of special concern. They often forage in grassland and broken chaparral or sage scrub where they can effectively hunt rabbits and California ground squirrels, their principal food items. The distribution of golden eagles in the foothill, mountain, and desert areas of San Diego County has changed little through history, but the territories of this species in the coastal lowlands have been eliminated by urbanization, agriculture, and human disturbance. This species was reported from the site in 1992 and was observed by Dudek flying over the property. No roosts or nests were observed.

Osprey is a CDFG species of special concern. It is an uncommon seasonal resident of open water areas in the county; it is not known to breed. At least one osprey was observed flying over Fanita Ranch several times enroute to Santee Lakes in 1997.

Red-shouldered hawk is not a sensitive species for CDFG or USFWS, but is on the Audubon Blue List. It is an uncommon to fairly common resident in San Diego County inhabiting most of the county west of the desert. Red-shouldered hawks occupy a variety of woodland habitats, and stands of non-native trees (e.g., eucalyptus) may serve as breeding habitat. Although concern has been expressed that the numbers of this species are declining, Wilbur (1973) concluded that no major declines in population had occurred in California except possibly in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. These hawks apparently can tolerate human presence if mature trees with a high canopy are maintained. Dudek observed red-shouldered hawks at two locations on the property, where they nest.

White-tailed kite is a CDFG species of special concern and is a fairly common resident in San Diego County. This species prefers to nest in riparian woodlands that border grasslands or open fields. Kites may forage over any grassy area, and often are seen hovering over the weedy margins of freeways. The white-tailed kite exhibits rather dramatic population fluctuations, and may be common for several years followed by years of relatively rarity. This species was reported from the site in 1992, and Dudek observed two nesting pair in the oak woodland areas.

Coastal cactus wren is a widespread and common species of the southwestern deserts, extending to the Pacific coast in southern California and Baja California. It is a CDFG species of special concern and a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing. Cactus thickets supporting the cactus wren occur primarily in maritime sage scrub, Diegan coastal sage scrub, and Venturan sage scrub communities. Its habitat has been depleted by housing and associated urban development. Once widespread in San Diego County, by 1990 its numbers had been reduced to fewer than 400 pairs in about 55 colonies. An estimated three or four pairs of cactus wrens were reported on-site in 1992. Due to loss of cactus habitat during the 1993 fire, none were observed during the Dudek surveys in 1994. However, Dudek observed one in 1996, and 1997 surveys revealed two or three probable pairs in an area where prickly-pear cactus has survived.

Least Bell’s vireo is a small, gray and white, migratory songbird that inhabits willow-dominated riparian areas of southern California and adjacent northern Baja California, Mexico (San Diego Association of Governments 1988). One of four North American subspecies of Bell’s vireo, it is listed as endangered by both CDFG and USFWS. Historically, this subspecies was abundant in riverine habitats from Baja California to Tchama County in central California with the center of its breeding range in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. Widespread destruction of its obligate riparian habitat for agricultural use, livestock grazing, flood control, urban development, and various commercial uses in combination with increased brood parasitism by the exotic brown-headed cowbird decimated vireo numbers, extirpating it from the central valleys, and restricting the species to small, fragmented populations in a fractionof its former range (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1988). By 1985, only 285 pairs were known from 45 locations in 9 counties. As a result of stricter enforcement of wetland preservation policies and intensive brown-headed cowbird trapping, there have been significant gains in the numbers of least Bell’s vireos over the last two or three years. In the only patch of willow scrub on the site, a single male was heard singing on several occasions during 1996 and 1997.

Coastal California gnatcatcher is a small, gray, non-migratory bird with black tail markings. During the breeding season the male has a distinct black cap. It is listed as threatened by USFWS and as a species of special concern by CDFG. A pair of gnatcatchers typically forage over 5 to 20 acres during the breeding season and more widely at the end of spring. The present known range of the California gnatcatcher extends from the Palos Verdes Peninsula of Los Angeles County south through Orange, western Riverside, and San Diego Counties, into northern Baja California, Mexico. The gnatcatcher is a near-obligate resident of coastal sage scrub and inland sage scrub communities. The species is generally found at elevations below 900 feet in San Diego, Orange, and Los Angeles Counties, and below 1600 feet in Riverside County. Based on recent resource mapping for subregional management plans, it is estimated that there are from 3,000 to 3,500 pairs in California.

Ogden Environmental (1992) stated that Fanita Ranch supported 25 to 30 pairs of California gnatcatchers in 1989 and 20 pairs (9 singles) in 1990. Ogden’s 1992 surveys revealed "at least" 34 pairs, with "possibly four additional pairs present on-site." These surveys were conducted prior to the most recent fire. In 1994, after the fire, Dudek documented gnatcatchers at 17 locations (7 pairs and 10 single males) distributed throughout the area where Ogden had found the species. Surveys by Dudek in 1996 documented 12 pairs, again in areas quite similar to 1992 and 1994. Surveys by Dudek in 1997 again revealed a very similar pattern, but with 10 pairs. The 1996 surveys were conducted in accordance with the USFWS protocol (three surveys per 100 acres of habitat), and employed tape play-back. The 1994 and 1996 surveys consisted of only one survey per approximately 100 acres of suitable habitat.

Blue-gray gnatcatcher breeds in montane chaparral and desert riparian area of San Diego County where it is declining and considered a species of local concern (Everett 1979). The species formerly nested in coastal riparian woodlands, but has been eliminated from this habitat, presumably by cowbird parasitism. Individuals of the blue-gray gnatcatcher were reported in 1992 in mixed chaparral habitat on the northern portion of the site south of Clark Canyon. Breeding status was not documented.

Loggerhead shrike is a fairly common resident in agricultural land, desert wash and desert-edge scrub, grassland or beach areas with scattered bushes, and broken chaparral. It is a CDFG species of special concern and a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing. This species is widespread in the southwestern portion of California, absent only from the mountain zone. The continued loss of coastal sage scrub and other open scrub habitats has resulted in a decline of this species. In 1992, observations of this species on-site "in small numbers" were reported. Breeding status was not documented. Dudek observed shrikes in the alignment of off-site Cuyamaca Streetand on-site.

Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow is a CDFG species of special concern, a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing, and is considered sensitive by the County of San Diego. This species occurs primarily in coastal sage scrub and has declined as a result of habitat loss. Surveys by Dudek have consistently documented a fairly large, widespread population of rufous-crowned sparrows, with about 35 pairs on the site.

Grasshopper sparrow is small sparrow of open fields. Although not listed as threatened or endangered by the resource agencies, Everett (1979) recognizes this species as sensitive in San Diego County, restricted to only a few known nesting locales. It requires suitable grasslands for nesting and foraging. In 1996 and 1997, Dudek found the grasshopper sparrow to be very common in native and non-native grassland on Fanita Ranch, with 85 point locations recorded. Because focused breeding territory mapping was not conducted for this species, the actual density is unknown.

Bell’s sage sparrow is a CDFG species of special concern and a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing. Locally, sage sparrows occur in chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats. According to Unitt (1984), Bell’s sage sparrow is most numerous in the foothill area, but has been recorded at many places in the coastal lowlands as well. Current with the regional loss of coastal sage scrub, this species has declined owing to loss of habitat. In 1992, one observation of nesting Bell’s sage sparrows was reported in chamise chaparral in the northeastern portion of the site. More recent surveys recorded nine point locations that are likely to represent individual pairs.

Blue grosbeak is a spring and summer visitor to California that inhabits riparian scrub and woodland edges. Although it has no special status and is not severely threatened, the blue grosbeak is thought to be declining as a result of the continuing loss of riparian habitat. Ogden Environmental reported observations of several blue grosbeaks in the northern portion of the site in 1992, and Dudek’s surveys revealed several in grassland, sage scrub, and riparian edges. Breeding pairs with young were observed.

Yellow-breasted chat is a migratory species that is an uncommon and localized summer resident in San Diego County. A CDFG species of special concern, it breeds only in riparian woodlands, primarily in the coastal lowland, from about mid-April through mid-September. It occurs primarily in the coastal lowland, but occasionally may be found in the foothill zone. The yellow-breasted chat has declined as a result of the reduction of riparian habitat and nest parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird. One observation of the species was reported in 1992 in the sycamore alluvial woodland of Sycamore Canyon at the northwestern edge of the site; and Dudek later recorded one observation in the southern part of Sycamore Canyon.

Yellow warbler, a CDFG species of special concern, is a fairly common spring migrant and an uncommon and localized summer resident in San Diego County, most numerous in early to mid-May. Migrating yellow warblers may stop in a wide variety of habitats, but breeding is restricted to riparian woodlands. This species undoubtedly has suffered from brown-headed cowbird parasitism. One observation of the species was reported in 1992, and Dudek’s surveys indicate the yellow warbler may breed in three localities of the willow scrub area just north of the treatment plant.

Orange-throated whiptail lizard is a small, slender, insectivorous lizard with a bright orange patch on its throat, listed by CDFG as species of special concern and formerly a USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing. It occurs in the United States and Mexico, ranging from coastal southern California south to the tip of the peninsula of Baja California. This species has exhibited population declines in California associated with the conversion of coastal sage scrub and dry wash habitats for agriculture, urban development, and flood control. Ogden Environmental indicated that orange-throated whiptails were observed in 1992 in the northeastern part of the site. Dudek mapped 10 point localities.

San Diego horned lizard is a small, spiny lizard that occurs primarily in coastal sage scrub communities. It is a CDFG species of special concern and a former federal Category 2 candidate for listing. It ranges throughout California west of the desert and Cascade-Sierran highlands, south through nearly all of Baja California, Mexico, feeding exclusively on native harvester ants. Three factors have contributed to its decline: loss of habitat, over-collecting, and the introduction of exotic ants. San Diego horned lizard on the site is expected to be widespread in any fairly open patches of coastal sage scrub or chaparral. Ogden found the species in the eastern portion of both the southern and northern parts of the site, and Dudek found it at 16 localities.

Northern red-diamond rattlesnake is a brick red to pinkish tan relative of the western diamondback. It is a CDFG species of special concern and former federal Category 2 candidate for listing that ranges from San Bernardino County south through most of Baja California, Mexico. It occurs in desert scrub, thorn scrub, and chaparral habitats in elevations below about 4,000 feet. The species was reported in 1992 occurring along dirt roads in the central portion of the site.

Coastal rosy boa is a heavy-bodied snake that is a former USFWS Category 2 candidate species for listing. It inhabits shrublands and is considerably more common in the vicinity of rocks. It is recognized as locally sensitive by Stewart (1971) and Bury (1971). Ogden reported an observation of this species near Sycamore Creek in 1992.

Two-striped garter snake is restricted to southern California and adjacent Baja California, Mexico. It is a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing species and occurs primarily in wetland habitats. This species was recognized as "threatened" by the San Diego Herpetological Society (McGurty 1980). Dudek detected the species in an ephemeral pond within the Fanita Ranch Parkway alignment during the 1996 and 1997 surveys.

Western spadefoot toad is a CDFG species of special concern. According to Stebbins (1985), the western spadefoot toad is primarily a species of lowlands, frequenting washes, floodplains of rivers, alluvial fans, playas, and alkali flats, but also ranging into the foothills and mountains. It breeds during the winter (January to May) in quiet streams, ephemeral ponds, and vernal pools. During the unfavorable, dry portion of the year, the toads live beneath the soil surface in burrows. Owing to widespread loss of habitat, this species is considered a "species of special concern" by the CDFG. Ogden reported this species from along Sycamore Canyon at the western edge of the property in 1992.

San Diego desert woodrat is a medium-small mammal that inhabits areas of dense shrubs such as coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and cactus thickets and also frequents rock crevices. It is a CDFG species of special concern and a former USFWS Category 2 candidate for listing. Middens of the species usually are fairly conspicuous among the shrubs where it occurs. Ogden reported one active midden of this species on the site in 1992.

San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit is the largest rabbit in southern California, and is a CDFG species of special concern and USFWS former Category 2 candidate for listing. It occurs primarily in open or semi-open country in the Upper Sonoran life zone along the coast to the western base of the coastal mountains, from sea level to about 6,000 feet on Cuyamaca Peak. In San Diego County, this species appears to prefer coastal sage scrub, disturbed coastal sage scrub, and adjacent grasslands. Ogden reported this species on the site in 1992, and Dudek recorded it at 11 localities.

Quino checkerspot butterfly is endemic to southern California in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties and northern Baja California, Mexico. It is listed by USFWS as endangered. Habitat consists of grasslands, vernal pools, open or sparse coastal sage scrub, and other open areas of chaparral that support low annual or herbaceous plant species bearing flowers. The host plant is dwarf plantain, possibly owl’s clover, and other plantain species. This butterfly once was one of the most common butterflies in San Diego County and now is reduced to a few very small populations throughout its former range. This species was not observed on-site during directed searches during the latter part of this insect’s flight period by David K. Faulkner of the San Diego Natural History Museum. The host plant is present and occasionally relatively common on the property.

Hermes copper butterfly is a southern California endemic with an exceedingly restricted range, and is a former Category 2 candidate for federal listing. Its known distribution includes western San Diego County and a small portion of adjacent northern Baja California, Mexico. Hermes copper is always confined to the vicinity of its larval host plant, redberry, and requires the flowers of flat-topped buckwheat or species with similarly available nectar. It formerly was common in the canyons leading into Mission Valley, but is absent there now and has been eliminated from nearly all of its best known historical localities around the City of San Diego. This species was not observed on-site during focused surveys by David K. Faulkner of the San Diego Natural History Museum in 1997; however, it was located subsequently by Norris Bloomfield. It is also present to the immediate southwest on Miramar Naval Air Station. Habitats on-site, including the host plant, are similar to those that support populations elsewhere.

Wildlife Corridors/Habitat Linkages

Owing to the geographic position of Fanita Ranch in the context of surrounding undisturbed habitat, it is likely that most of the ranch receives considerable use from larger mammals such as mule deer, coyote, and bobcat. Mule deer were observed on several occasions. It also is likely that mountain lion move across the northern portion of the site. Mountain lions are known from Camp Elliott and MCAS Miramar (formerly NAS Miramar) to the immediate west. Topographically well-defined areas (e.g., drainages and canyon bottoms), roads, and trails are the most likely places to support animal movement.

In San Diego County, three major, coordinated conservation planning efforts currently are in progress with the long-term goal of identifying a system of preserves that will protect native habitat lands and their associated biota. The three efforts are: (1) the City of San Diego’s Multiple Species Conservation Program, administered by the Metropolitan Wastewater Department, focused on biological resource planning for the southwestern one-fourth of the County; (2) SANDAG’s Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP), funded by a consortium of jurisdictions in northern San Diego County known as the North County Wildlife Forum, focusing on the northwestern one-fourth of the county; and (3) the County of San Diego Open Space Plan, which focuses on the portion of the county east of the MSCP and MHCP study areas. The ultimate goal of these plans is the establishment of biological reserve areas in conformance with the State of California’s Natural Community Conservation Program (NCCP).

In this context, Fanita Ranch lies within the MSCP area. The property received a "very high," ranking in terms of habitat value in the Habitat Evaluation Model developed for the MSCP project owing to a combination of habitat features including the presence of coastal sage scrub and the California gnatcatcher. The property also supports a diversity of other sensitive plant and animal species, represents extensive habitat for raptor foraging, and likely serves a role in large animal dispersal. Its location adjacent to the extensive undeveloped lands of East Elliott on MCAS Miramar further enhances the wildlife value of the property.

Long Term Viability

Conservation of Fanita Ranch enhances and buffers adjacent public open space by creating the southern linkage for the largest block of central San Diego County habitat. The steep southern slopes of Fanita Ranch create a key natural barrier to urban development. Keeping this barrier without breech means greater management efficiency and a positive long term outlook for the site's ecological viability and that of all adjacent habitat.

Natural areas as described in F&G Code 2720:

The following sections of F&G Code 2720 apply to Fanita Ranch:

(a) …highly rare examples of the state's natural diversity through the acquisition, enhancement, restoration, or protection, or a combination thereof, of lands supporting California's unique, fragile, threatened, or endangered plants, animals, and natural communities.

(b) … game mammals, …

including, but not limited to, the following types:

(1) Winter deer ranges.

(3) Significant routes of migration for wildlife.

(c)… lands providing habitat for threatened, endangered, or fully protected species

The following Sections of F&G Code 2721 may apply:

2721…

(b) A species that occurs in only 20 or fewer locations in the world, at least one of which is in California.

(c) A natural community that occurs in only 50 or fewer locations in the world, at least one of which is in California.

(d) An assemblage of three or more highly rare species or natural communities, or any combination thereof, of which at least one of the species or natural communities is found only in 20 or fewer locations in the world.

5. Management Objectives

- Maintain the integrity of wildlife habitat and linkages consistent with the regional Multiple Species Conservation Program and the State of California NCCP.

- Improve trail systems and habitat to promote native species.

- Provide opportunities for passive recreation (hiking, nature observation, mountain biking, and horseback riding).

- Provide interpretive education opportunities.

Fanita Ranch can be managed through cooperative agreement with the Back Country Land Trust, City of Santee, Padre Dam Municipal Water District or the Department of Fish & Game. The adjacent Sycamore Canyon - Goodan Ranch Preserve is jointly managed by the Cities of Poway and Santee, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation. Management objectives are both consistent and complimentary with this site.

Cooperative agreement can positively incorporate local stakeholders and volunteers into the management of on site resources thus relieving the Department of Fish & Game from hiring management personnel.

Santee Lakes Regional Park and the City of Santee will act as the gateway to the Central San Diego County Multiple Species Preserve and will directly benefit from open space conservation and opportunities for passive recreation.

6. Financial Information

(a) Owner:

(b) Sales value range: $2,300 - $5,000/acre.

Total acquisition value: Approximately $9 million

Closest Comparable Acquisition:

2,600 acre Crestridge ($10.6 million total acquisition value including conservation bank and tax credits).

WCB contribution $3.5 million for 858 acres ($4,079/acre).

Acquisition project included the Nature Conservancy and the Back Country Land Trust.

Property is being managed under cooperative agreement between the Back Country Land Trust and CADFG.

March 4, 1999

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Wildlife Conservation Board Approves Acquisition of Crestridge Tract

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Contact: W. John Schmidt, Wildlife Conservation Board, (916) 445-8448              

SACRAMENTO – The Wildlife Conservation Board (WCB) has approved the purchase of 858 acres of real property and accepted the donation of an additional 1,518 adjacent acres, commonly referred to as the Crestridge tract. Total value of the acquired property is approximately $5.4 million, but current landowners of the property have agreed to sell it to the state for its actual acquisition and holding costs, approximately $3.5 million.

The tract is a large, continuous block of biologically diverse habitat and is a significant biological core area that is vital to the long-term effectiveness of San Diego County's Multiple Species Conservation Program. The acquisition is also very important to the successful implementation of the Natural Community Conservation Planning efforts in the county as part of the multi-party, public and private cooperative venture. The Crestridge property, located in the eastern portion of San Diego County, is situated south of the town of Lakeside and Interstate 8, and approximately eight miles northeast of El Cajon.

The property contains a wide diversity of impressive landscapes and sensitive habitat types, including many acres of Diegan coastal sage scrub, Engelmann and live oak woodlands, riparian woodlands (willow, oak, sycamore and cottonwood), and native and non-native grasslands

(c) Protection of the property is proposed as a full fee acquisition with the assistance of the Back Country Land Trust, Trust for Public Land, the City of Santee and Padre Dam Municipal Water District to leverage land donation and matching funds.

(d) Encumbrances: (Order a preliminary title report and speak with Westbrook about any types of permits, licenses or other rights the owner may have granted).

San Diego Gas & Electric Company has a 150-foot-wide power line easement across the southern portion of the site running east to west. The easement contains four high-voltage electrical lines: one 69 kV line, one 138 kV line, and two 230 kV lines. Approximately 750 acres of Fanita Ranch exist south of the power lines and 1,839 acres exist north of the power lines.

A water reservoir tank operated by the Padre Dam Municipal Water District exists north of the current terminus of Carlton Hills Boulevard.

(f) Operations and Maintenance estimate:

• Site Security

(nominal ongoing cost - possible startup costs to modify gates to remain open for pedestrians while excluding OHV access. Possible startup costs for hand radios and Mtn. Bikes to equip a small volunteer patrol.)

Recruit and train a volunteer staff for site stewardship. Emphasize educational methods to gain compliance of park visitors with park regulations. Utilize the Sheriff's Department for any serious violations.

• Public Health & Safety

(cost estimate --

Utilize informational brochures, displays and signage as appropriate to educate park users to the risks associated with the natural environment. Provide volunteer patrols and interpretive programs consistent with recreational demand.

• Resource Management

(cost estimate --

Acquire volunteers staff to perform site surveys utilizing accepted scientific method. Monitor changes and prescribe appropriate management measures.

Develop an appropriate fire management plan which recognizes fires natural role.

• Infrastructure

(cost estimate --

Locate a main entrance at the termination of Carlton Hills Blvd. Begin plans to build an interpretive center/public library headquarters as the gateway to the Central County Preserve. Dedicate the already graded -- acre site to the City of Santee for a developed park. Build parking and active use sports fields, and blend into day use picnic grounds nearer to natural vegetation. Design a gate for easy night time closure of site if warranted.

Locate secondary park and enter sites at the final termination of Fanita Parkway, and also Cuyamaca Street. Modify Gate and fence/barricade to prevent off-highway vehicle entry while allowing pedestrian access.

Locate tertiary neighborhood entry points with the adopted trail system in Santee. Modify Gate and fence/barricade to prevent off-highway vehicle entry while allowing pedestrian access.

Trails:

Develop a trail system which utilizes existing trails and closes any redundancies for rehabilitation. Link the system from identified historical entry points to coordinate with adjacent open space preserves. Ideally connect all major park and open spaces systems within and adjacent to Santee. Consider avoidance of most sensitive biology. Trails will be open to bicycles and horses using multiple user guidelines, but not motorized traffic.

Signage and interpretation programs:

Sign all entry points with cased entry displays consistent with the design established at Mission Trails Park. Enclosures should include trail maps and interpretive displays.

Recruit volunteers to lead interpretive hikes and youth education programs.

Locate waste cans and restrooms at major entry points only. Utilize standard recycle containers/system for the City of Santee and solicit volunteer pick-up or city coverage of waste removal costs. Design for easy pick-up outside of preserve gates.

7. Cultural Resources

Fourteen prehistoric sites have been identified on site. Six sites were assessed for significance due to potential impacts from the development proposal. There are three canyon bottom cultural resource sites [CA-SDI-8337 (SDM-W-626), CA-SDI-8341 (SDM-W-2761), and CA-SDI-8340 (SDM-W-2760)]; one knoll top special resource site, which is located within the proposed Cuyamaca Street alignment and within the Fanita Ranch specific plan area [CA-SDI-8345 (SDM-W-2765)], and the two large base camp sites which also occupy canyon bottom land [CA-SDI-8243 (SDM-W-628), Loci A and B and CA-SDI-8338 (SDM-W-627) Loci A, B, and C].

Characteristics of these six sites are provided below as cited from the Fanita Ranch EIR.

Canyon Bottom Cultural Resource Sites

CA-SDI-8337 (SDM-W-626). This site was identified during fieldwork conducted by Gary Fink in 1975 and 1977. The site was reported as several grinding basins on a single rock outcrop, a single basin located higher on the hill, and an absence of surface artifacts. WESTEC completed work in 1980 and redefined the basins as slicks and located ground stone and flaked stone tools on the site surface. WESTEC also plotted the site at a lower elevation, in the transitional zone between the disturbed grassland regions and the chaparral-covered knoll area to the north and northeast.

The 1997 RECON site check relocated the site. The site is situated among a group of boulders at the base of the southern edge of the same knoll which is adjacent east of CA-SDI-8338 (SDM-W-627). CA-SDI-8338 is composed of three loci and field observations indicate that CA-SDI-8337 is approximately the same distance from Locus A as are Loci B and C. It is proposed that CA-SDI-8338 represents the same milling activities as do Loci B and C and might have been considered a fourth locus in this complex. Conditions surrounding the bedrock areas were very wet at the time of the survey and a dense covering of miner's lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata) was observed around the boulder outcrops. No surface artifacts were located. Two large, mechanically excavated pits were located on the up slope portion of the site. These pits appear to be related to geological testing on the property.

CA-SDI-8243, Loci A and B (SDM-W-628, Loci A and B). This site was originally recorded by Fink in 1975 as SDM-W-628 and reassessed as a result of a San Diego County Park Development archaeological survey (Hightower and Fink 1977). Fink described the site as a Kumeyaay village and observed grinding slicks, basins, mortars, "pit and groove petroglyphs," manos, flakes, stone tools, and pottery. He observed dark midden soil and noted that about 30 percent of the site had been destroyed by pot hunting. Also of note were two rock-walled structures on the small knoll behind the site. In 1980, WESTEC relocated the site and confirmed the location and artifact content (Franklin and Carrico 1980). An additional area, Locus B, consisting of bedrock milling features and several flakes, was identified to the northeast of Locus A, at a distance of approximately one-eighth of a mile.

This site was relocated by RECON for the current project and found to be in essentially the same condition as described above. Two large mechanically excavated pits were noted: one on the knoll top and one on the lower flank to the west. These are assumed to be geological test pits. Bedrock milling was located on the upper knoll top areas, to the east of the dirt road that crosses the site; however, the area of greatest artifact and midden soil concentration is present in the lower area of the site, to the west of the dirt road. Dark midden soil surrounds low boulders on which there are numerous slicks and basins. Among the grinding features, only two bedrock mortars were observed. The site location affords a view of the canyon from north to south and it is located within a short distance from Sycamore Creek, which contains numerous oaks and freshwater. Although the knoll top is covered with exposed bedrock and associated rockfalls the previously recorded rock walls were not observed. The "pit and groove petroglyphs" were not relocated. Locus B, as defined by WESTEC, was determined to be a localized area of outlying bedrock milling features that are related to Locus A.

This site was also visited in 1996 by archaeologists from Gallegos and Associates. The record of their visit includes documentation of the milling features at this site. Cupule petroglyphs are mentioned specifically in the 1996 record but references to rock walls are absent.

CA-SDI-8338, Loci A, B, and C (SDM-W-627, Loci A, B, and C). This site was recorded by Fink (1975) and reassessed in 1977. The site was described as "a milling station and large campsite with numerous artifacts and much midden" (Hightower and Fink 1977). Observed artifacts include both Tizon Brown Ware and Lower Colorado River Buff Ware pottery sherds, flakes, cores, flaked lithic tools, manos, metate fragments, and many milling features. "Pit and groove petroglyphs" were also recorded at this site. Evidence of pot hunting was noted by Fink. Fink defined the site as either a large Kumeyaay campsite or a small village.

In 1980, WESTEC archaeologists visited the site and reaffirmed this information, additionally noting that the most concentrated area of the site covers the small knoll at the base of the hills, as well as its outlying flanks. In addition, two previously unrecorded loci were located on the slopes, behind and above, the main site area.

Locus B contains additional bedrock milling, as well as scatters of artifacts similar to those at the main site area. Locus C consists of a flake scatter at the top of the knoll behind the main site.

The RECON site check relocated the knoll top milling and associated dark midden soil with a dense scatter of surface artifacts. The recent visit generally confirmed that the site existed as it was described above. As noted above, the area of surface artifact scatter is widespread and extends down the western face of the knoll, as well as across the low saddle to the east of the knoll. From the top and western slopes of the knoll, there is a panoramic view of the valley from the confluence of Sycamore and Clark canyons in the north, to the widening of the canyon into the San Diego River valley in the south. This view includes the scattered special resource sites located along the knolls, which extend into the valley, as well as CA-SDI-8243 just to the north. The site integrity is considered to be good as the extent of the pot-hunting does not appear to have worsened from that observed previously. The associated loci were determined to be as recorded by WESTEC. The petroglyphs were relocated and consist of a single boulder with over 50 cupules on the upper surfaces. Cupules are small oval to round depressions in a rock surface that is generally vertical to the ground surface. These depressions arebelieved to be the result of human activity and may have a ceremonial or symbolic function.

CA-SDI-8341 (SDM-W-2761). This site was located during the 1980 WESTEC survey and reported to consist of bedrock milling features on either side of the tributary drainage that enters the canyon at the northern boundary of the property. Ten slicks were noted on separate outcrops and no artifacts or midden were observed.

The site was relocated during the 1986 RECON fieldwork and observed to be consistent with the description in the WESTEC report. There was flowing water in the drainage and oak trees. No surface artifacts or midden were observed around the milling features; however, the ground cover was thick. The number of milling surfaces indicates that a subsurface component is probable.

The 1997 RECON survey attempted to relocate this site based on the site record and map information. The area identified on the map was visited and an intensive pedestrian survey was conducted. Evidence of this site was not found at the mapped location. Several other nearby areas were inspected for site evidence; however, none was found. This site was not relocated and no updated information is available.

CA-SDI-8340 (SDM-W-2760). This site was reported in the WESTEC 1980 survey to be a grinding activity area with nine slicks located on separate boulder outcrops. The site is in the northernmost portion of the project property, west and adjacent to the intermittent stream in Clark Canyon. No artifacts or midden were noted during the WESTEC field visit.

As part of the current site status investigation, RECON archaeologists conducted field visits of the recorded sites on the property. After extensive efforts the surveyors were unable to relocate this site and it is assumed that the site lies further up Clark Canyon than the northern boundary of the property. Relocation efforts were based on the mapped location of this site as provided on the site record. The presence of a number of prominent landform features provided useful in revisiting the location as it was mapped; however, the mapped location did not correspond with finding bedrock grinding features of any kind.

Knolltop Cultural Resource Site

CA-SDI-8345 (SDM-W-2765). This site was first recorded by Hightower and Fink (1977) during a County of San Diego survey of a portion of the project area. At that time, the only observation of cultural resource materials was a scatter of pottery fragments. During the WESTEC survey in 1980, the site was relocated and six slicks were identified on some of the numerous boulder outcrops. No artifacts or midden were observed or commented on by the WESTEC team. Evidence of recent quarrying activities was also noted.

8. Hazardous Materials

Field observations and environmental impact reports have not found hazardous materials on site.

9. Local & Regional Issues

The Multiple Species Conservation Plan EIR has evaluated conservation alternatives for Fanita Ranch which range from 50-100% of the site. The Santee City Council (with consent of the owner) included an alternative for total preservation within the MSCP EIR by unanimous vote in 1996. In 1998, Fanita Ranch was the subject of a citizen initiative intended to limit the maximum number of units to 1,227 on only the southern portion of the site. The measure was not supported by Westbrook or the Santee City Council and failed. In 1999, the City Council approved a 2,988 unit development alternative (50% conservation), but the approval was overturned via citizen referendum by a 65% margin leading to the opportunity for acquisition.

Westbrook is a willing seller based upon price, but may also be considering the submission of a new development application to the Santee City Council.

Fanita Ranch acquisition has gained region-wide support. Supporters include the following:

Audubon Society

Back Country Coalition

Back Country Land Trust

California Native Plant Society

Center for Biological Diversity

Desert Protective Council

Endangered Habitats League

Environmental Health Coalition

Escondido Citizens' Ecology Committee

Mountain Defense League

Preserve Wild Santee

San Diego Archeological Society

San Diego BayKeeper

Santee Citizens Referendum Committee

Save Our Forests & Ranchlands

Sierra Club

Preserve South Bay

Union for a River Greenbelt Environment

Vernal Pool Society

La Mesa Mayor Art Madrid

San Diego County Supervisor Dianne Jacob

State Senator David G. Kelley

US Senator Barbara Boxer

Fanita Ranch is in the:

37^th State Senatorial District

Senator David Kelley

11440 W. Bernardo Court, #104

San Diego, CA

75^th Assembly District

Assemblywoman Charlene Zettel

15708 Pomerado Road, #110

Poway, CA ?92064

(619) 385-0070

Local Land Use Issues

The City of Santee has a developed park deficit relative to its population and has badly over grown its small library facility. Padre Dam Municipal Water District has just completed its Santee Lakes Regional Park & Campground Master Plan, June 1999, which includes plans for significant park upgrades. The MSCP is in need of a local/regional funding mechanism.

The City of Santee would likely be willing to provide significant funding to initiate a phased acquisition of Fanita Ranch which includes a 27 acre developed city park and a "Sycamore Canyon Interpretive Library" on site at the Carlton Hills entrance of Fanita Ranch. (See Figure 3-6 Community Park Site Plan ). Padre Dam MWD could provide matching funds to participate in a natural park extension of Santee Lakes to Fanita Ranch if LWCF-Stateside grants were available to initiate implementation of the Santee Lakes Master Plan.

If all parties (State, Federal, Local, private and landowner) will participate in a phased acquisition, options for purchase of any remaining parcels could be timed to coincide with a public vote on local/regional MSCP funding to complete the acquisition package.

The leverage of this type of cooperative acquisition plan could create exceptionally strong support from all stakeholders serving to strengthen the MSCP region-wide.

10. Threats

Santee's General Plan currently allows for the creation of a specific plan to guide Fanita Ranch development. Natural and regulative constraints could still allow the development of approximately 1,227 units on 50% of the site should a specific plan gain city council approval. (See Figure 4A-8 Grading Plan Shown on Aerial Photograph, and Figure 3-4 MSCP Land Area).

The development footprint consists of three developable blocks fragmenting the site with a very high area of reserve/urban interface. Development would degrade wildlife corridors and sensitive habitat identified as "very high" biological core by the MSCP.

A new development application could be brought before the Santee City Council for consideration by November of 2000.

11. Acquisition Priorities

Fanita Ranch is most valuable as a unit keeping in tact the natural geographic barrier of its southern hills which shield the interior of the site from urban development.

Phased acquisition should secure parcels in the central portion of the site which link the riparian corridors of Sycamore and Clark Canyons first, then the steeper southern parcels of valuable coastal sage scrub, and finally the highest elevations of the northeast which hold mixed coastal sage scrub and chaparral.

12. Contact Persons:

Van K. Collinsworth, Board member - Back Country Land Trust

Director - Preserve Wild Santee

9222 Lake Canyon Road

Santee, CA 92071

(619) 258-7929

Michael Beck, Board member - Back Country Land Trust

San Diego Director, Endangered Habitats League

P. O. Box 765

Julian, CA

(760) 765-1469

13. List of Maps & Appendices

Figure 1 - Location and Linkage Map of San Diego County

Figure 2 - Parcel Map(s) of Fanita Ranch (Supplied by Westbrook?)

Figure 2-1 Regional Location of the Project

Figure 2-2 Project Vicinity on USGS

Figure 3-4 MSCP Land Area

Figure 3-6 Community Park Site Plan

Figure 4A-1 Surrounding County Land Use Designations

Figure 4C-3 Surrounding Land Uses

Figure 4C-4: Photograph location map

Figure 4C-8 Grading Plan Shown on Aerial Photograph

Figure 4E-1 Existing Vegetation

Figure 4E-2 Existing Vegetation & Locations-Northern

Figure 4E-3: Sensitive Plant and Animal Species Locations -Southern

Table 4E-1 Vegetation Types and Area (acres)

Table 4E-2 Observed Sensitive Plant Species

Table 4E-3 Sensitivity Codes

Table 4E-4: Sensitive Wildlife Species

Table 4E-5: Direct Impacts to Vegetation Types

Table 4E-6: Direct Impacts to Sensitive Plants

Table 4E-7: Direct Impacts to Sensitive Animals

Table 4E-8: Project Habitat Conservation

Figure 4C-4: Photograph location map

Supplemental MSCP Maps

LWCF Project Summary

Fanita Ranch Photographs