Hillside, tree, and shadow.

Since English is by far the most common trade language, someone ought to take appropriate steps to ensure its preservation as a means of concise and accurate communication of precise ideas. Say what you mean, mean what you say, and gently nudge the poor souls who misuse the English language toward a better understanding of the words they choose.


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Errors...
...in punctuation:
* ...and...
* Incorrect Phrasing: "Five thousand three hundred and fifty-two"
* Correct Phrasing: "Five thousand three hundred fifty-two"
This is one of the most common errors in practice today, including the time I discovered it in a grammer textbook (Well, everyone makes a few mistakes, even in their area of expertise, I guess). The first phrasing means '5,300.52', since the word 'and', when spoken or written in a number, signifies a decimal point. This fact is taught every year in some Algebra courses, and is the reason the amount line on a check is filled "FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED and 52/100 DOLLARS".
* The Apostrophe
* Incorrect Punctuation: "We are having hot dog's for lunch." "Lets go to the beach." "It's purpose is..."
* Correct Punctuation: "We are having hot dogs for lunch." "Let's go to the beach." "Its purpose is..."
The apostrophe is one of the most misunderstood facets of English writing. The apostrophe is only used to show possession or contraction, as in Susie's bike or Let's (let us)go, but not in Its north side, His bike, or other possessive pronouns, though they show possession. It is never used in a plural noun, where it is often incorrectly inserted.
...in word choice/meaning/usage:
* Annual
* Incorrect usage: "First annual fish fry"
* Correct usage: "Third annual bake sale"
This is a surprisingly common error. People seem to want to call events first to indicate their intention to have more. But the word annual does not have anything to do with intention but with fact. Something is annual only if it takes place each year. This is impossible to determine when the first of such events occurs. Annual should only be used for annual things, such as taxes and longstanding events. In other words, if it didn't happen last year, it's not annual, and if the space isn't reserved for next year (or the occurance equally likely), it's not annual. So the second year, with the third year's arrangements made, is the first time an event can properly be called an annual event.

If you are having an event for the first time, it should be called simply by the event name, not by 'first annual event'.

* Capital/Capitol
* Incorrect Word: "Where is the capital building?" "My name starts with a capitol T." "What is the capitol of Iowa?"
* Correct Word: "Where is the capitol building?" "My name starts with a capital T." "What is the capital of Iowa?"
The most common use of the word capital is in "capital letter", meaning "uppercase letter". Other definitions of capital include money (capital gains, etc.), serious or extreme (capital crime), and the town which is a state or country's seat of government.

A capitol is a building or complex of buildings in which a State legislature meets, as well as the building in Washington, D.C., where the Congress of the United States meets. This are the only meaning in common use for the word 'capitol'.

* Chauvinist
* Incorrect Definition: "Person who believes that men are superior to women."
* Correct Definition: "Person with the prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group, or kind."
From The American Heritage College Dictionary, third edition.
* Proper word for the Incorrect definition: (Group) Chauvinist
While adding an adjective describing a group to the word may not seem like much, doing so makes the definition accurate, since the target of chauvinism is inherently the opposite group to the adjective which precedes it. A chauvinist could be a sexist, a racist, or an elitist, in that a female chauvinist believes that women are superior to men and a white chauvinist believes that whites are superior to other races.
* Hacker
* Incorrect Definition: "Person who illegally enters another's electronic system for malicious purposes; a security breaker."
* Correct Definition: "Proficient computer user or programmer"
* Proper word for the incorrect definition: Cracker
cracker /n./
One who breaks security on a system. Coined circa. 1985 by hackers in defense against journalistic misuse of 'hacker'.
From The Hacker Dictionary.
* Nimrod
* Incorrect Definition: "Idiot"
* Correct Definition: "A hunter"
* Real/Really
* Incorrect Word choice: I know him real well. I know him really well.
* Correct Word: I know him very well.
"Real" is an adjective. "Really" is an adverb. Real denotes authenticity, and it modifies only nouns or gerunds: "The real president" "A real accounting". Really denotes accuracy, not depth or thoroughness: "Are you really leaving?"
Error submitted by Theresa
* Than/Then
* Incorrect Word: "Than we went to the party." "It's higher then that." "Than we're agreed."
* Correct Word: "Then we went to the party." "It's higher than that." "Then we're agreed."
Then is used for discussing time or location. Than is used in comparisons.
* Their/There/They're
* Incorrect Word: "Their traveling to Florida tomorrow." "There store is located near the mall."
* Correct Word: "They're traveling to Florida tomorrow." "Their store is located near the mall."
They're is only a contraction for they are or they were (though the latter use is to be discouraged). Their can only be used as the possessive form of they, and modifies a noun or a gerund: "I liked their explanation." "We appreciated their going to the store for us." There is a common word, and it can be used in several ways. It can be an adverb ("Stay there."), a pronoun ("There must be another exit."), an adjective (as an intensifier: "that person there"), or as a noun ("Go from there.").
Note: Using there as an adjective should be avoided, as it is a status marker in some circles.
* Try to (and)
* Incorrect Word: "I'll try and attend the dance."
* Correct Word: "I'll try to attend the dance."
This is such a simple thing that it is surprising how often this error occurs. The verb try must generally be followed by a verb in the infinitive form, as in to run, to sing, to play, to dance, to attend.
When used with the word and, try has its effect closed, meaning that the sentence denotes something undefined (or previously defined) was tried, and that the verb following and was completed regardless of the results of the attempt to do the undefined or predefined action, as though the sentence actually read, "I'm going to try that and attend the dance whether or not I succeed in what I try."
Unless there are two unrelated actions indicated, the only verbs that should follow the words try and are succeed or fail. For all actions in question that will be tried, use to.
...in pronunciation:
* Etcetera
* Incorrect Pronunciation: "eck-set-ruh"
* Correct Pronunciation: "et-set-uh-ruh"
Etcetera comes from the Latin et ceteras, which means and others.
...in spelling:
* Definitely
* Incorrect Spelling: "definately"
* Correct Spelling: "definitely"
Remember that definitely is from the same root as definition and definitive. It may also help if, when pronouncing the word, you pronounce it "deh fin it lee", not 'deff in ett lee'.

Miscellaneous
...and...
A
Annual
Apostrophe
C
Capital/Capitol
Chauvinist
D
Definitely
E
Etcetera
H
Hacker
I
N
Nimrod
R
Real/Really
T
Than/Then
Their/There/They're
Try to (and)


(C) Copyright 2002 and every year since by Skreyola.  All Rights Reserved.