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A Celtic Time Line
B.C. 3000 Nomadic Indo-European warriors begin to colonise large areas of Europe, settling among New Stone Age farmers and Old Stone Age hunters in the north 2000 Stone henge built (?) 1800 Proto (meaning beginning or giving rise to) -Celts begin moving into western Europe 1600 Proto-Celts dominate the British Isles and the Atlantic coast of Iberia (The ones in Britain I believe become the Picts) 1200 "Urnfield" Celtic culture evolves, named after the fields of individual cremation urns corresponding to areas of Celtic settlement in middle Europe 1000 The "Urnfield" culture spreads into most of France at the expense of the earlier "Tumulus" culture of the Proto Celts 500 Celts migrate to Britain (The Picts were already there) 400 Celts invade Northern Italy, Iron Age La Tene culture begins its first phase these people are known to ancient writers as Gauls 390 Celts sacked Rome 341 Rome defeats Celts in Italy 279 Celts Sack Delphi in Greece 274 Celts were mercenaris are in the service of Greek and Egyptian armies It is interesting to note that Ramses the II was very large for an Egyptian, and a red head 225 Celtic expansion begins to wane, Celts begin to move into Britain 105 Cimbri (possibly a Celtic Tribe) and Teutones (Germanic tribe) defeat Rome forces at Orange 102 Rome destroys the Cimbri and Teutones 100 Caesar Born 59 Caesar created as Govenor of Transalpine Gaul soon after the war with Gaul begins 55 Caesar invades Britain 52 Caesar defeats Vercingetorix at Alesia, Vercingetorix is taken back to Rome 50 Vercingetorix is strangled to death on the steps of the Senate in Rome 46 Caesar formally declared victorious over Gaul 44 Death of Caesar A.D. 43 Britain made a Roman province 60-61 Boudicca's Revolt 69 Rome takes over southern Britain 60-197 Roman's were paying for peace with the Scotts (Rome had retreated to Hadrian's Wall at this time) 297 The Picts first documented appearance 400 Settlers from the Irish petty kingdom of Dál Riata were beginning to establishing themselves in what would later be called Scotland. Picts were well established north of other Celtic speakers except perhaps on the west coast and in the Hebrides 407 Rome withdraws from Britain 432 St. Patrick begins missionary work in Ireland 449 Anglo-Saxon Invasion 490 Enough Scotti were in place to allow them to move the seat of Dál Riata from across the Irish Sea 500 Departure of Roman legions in 407 left Britain to Picts, other Celtic speakers, and growing numbers of Irish settlers 537 Death of King Aurther (?) 597 St. Augustine founds Christian monestery at Canterbury, Kent 600 Colum Cille left Ireland and established a monastery on Iona 664 Synod of Whitbyu establishes Roman Church in England 792 Vikings attack Lindisfarne 843 Scottish Ruller Kenneth MacAlprin unites Scotts & Picts It might be of note here that in Britain Pressure from first the Romans and then the English drove the Celts back into Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany; Ireland, while not subjected to theses indignities was raded and colonized by Viking marauders. Sources Caesar: The Conquest of Gaul Translated by S.A. Handford with revisions by Jane Gardner Copyright 1951 The Celts T.G.E. Powell Copyright 1958 The Mabinogion Translated by Jeffrey Gantz Copyright 1976 Rome's Enemies Gallic and British Celts Men-at-Arms Series #158 Peter Wilcox Copyright 1985 Prentice Hall Literature Copyright 1991 The Picts and the Scots Lloyd & Jenny Laing Copyright 1993 Scotland's Irish Origins Dean R. Snow Archaeology Magazine Volume 54 Number 4, July/August 2001 |
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