References     Update 6/20/02
Note: Most articles obtained throught the Emily Center at Phoenix Children's Hospital

KEY:    Black - Hystiocytoses    Green - LCH    Purple - JXG

  • General
  • History
  • Multi-system
  • CNS
  • Lung
  • Liver
  • Skin
  • Eye & Orbit
  • Thymus
  • Pituitary
  • Treatment & Care
  • Diagnosis, Pathology & Nosology
  • Causes, Etiology & Epidemiology
  • Multi-Disease
  • Miscellaneous
    • General
    Jaffe R.  The histiocytoses. Clin Lab Med. 1999 Mar;19(1):135-55. Review.  PMID: 10403078

    Web Page: Facts about LCH (http://www.kelt.com/lch/lch.txt)

    Web Page: Childrens Cancers: LCH (http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/info/child-lch.htm)

    Web Page: eMedicine: LCH (http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic216.htm)

    R. Maarten Egeler, M.D. LCH: The Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

    R. Maarten Egeler, Blaise E. Favara, Marjan van Meurs, Jon D. Laman, and Eric Claassen, Differential In Situ Cytokine Profiles of Langerhans-Like Cells and T Cells in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Abundant Expression of Cytokines Relevant to Disease and Treatment

    Caldemeyer KS, Parks ET, Mirowski GW.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Mar;44(3):509-11. No abstract available.  PMID: 11209124

    Brunning RD.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Br J Haematol. 2000 Dec;111(3):717. No abstract available.  PMID: 11122128

    Braier J, Chantada G, Rosso D, Bernaldez P, Amaral D, Latella A, Balancini B, Masautis A, Goldberg J.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis: retrospective evaluation of 123 patients at a single institution.  Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1999 Sep-Oct;16(5):377-85.  PMID: 10505313

    Willman CL, Busque L, Griffith BB, Favara BE, McClain KL, Duncan MH, Gilliland DG.  Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)--a clonal proliferative disease.  N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 21;331(3):154-60.  PMID: 8008029

    Kusuma Kumary P, Priyakumari T, Chellam VG, James FV, Nair MK.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children less than 2 years of age.  Indian Pediatr. 1999 Jan;36(1):29-36.  PMID: 10709120

    Huang F, Arceci R.  The histiocytoses of infancy.  Semin Perinatol. 1999 Aug;23(4):319-31. Review.  PMID: 10475545

    Gadner H.  Langerhans' cell histiocytosis--still an unsolved problem?  Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1999 Nov-Dec;16(6):489-93. No abstract available.PMID: 10599086

    Nezelof C, Basset F, Rousseau-Merck MF, Barbey S. Dynamic studies of Langerhans cell histiocytosis cells. Their contribution to the current concept of the disease. Report of a series of 38 cases  Bull Acad Natl Med. 1999;183(4):815-22; discussion 822-4. French.  PMID: 10437303


    History

    Lampert F.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Historical perspectives.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):213-9. No abstract available.  PMID: 9561896  Red Book

    Nezelof C, Basset F.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis research. Past, present, and future.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):385-406. Review.  PMID: 9561908  Red Book

    Nezelof C, Basset F.  From histiocytosis X to Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a personal account.  Int J Surg Pathol. 2001 Apr;9(2):137-46. No abstract available. PMID: 11484502


    Multi-System

    Minkov M, Grois N, Heitger A, Potschger U, Westermeier T, Gadner H.  Treatment of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Results of the DAL-HX 83 and DAL-HX 90 studies. DAL-HX Study Group.  Klin Padiatr. 2000 Jul-Aug;212(4):139-44.  PMID: 10994540

    Kusumakumary P, Nair MK.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis with organ dysfunction.  Indian Pediatr. 2000 Jul;37(7):758-65. No abstract available. PMID: 10906809

    Freyer DR, Kennedy R, Bostrom BC, Kohut G, Dehner LP. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: forms of systemic disease and their clinical implications.  J Pediatr. 1996 Aug;129(2):227-37. Review.  PMID: 8765620


    Central Nervous System

    Grois NG, Favara BE, Mostbeck GH, Prayer D.  Central nervous system disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):287-305. Review. PMID: 9561901  Red Book

    Hund E, Steiner H, Jansen O, Sieverts H, Sohl G, Essig M.  Treatment of cerebral Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  J Neurol Sci. 1999 Dec 15;171(2):145-52. Review.  PMID: 10581381

    Barthez MA, Araujo E, Donadieu J. Langerhans cell histiocytosis and the central nervous system in childhood: evolution and prognostic factors. Results of a collaborative study.  J Child Neurol. 2000 Mar;15(3):150-6.  PMID: 10757469

    Schultz KD Jr, Petronio J, Narad C, Hunter SB.  Solitary intracerebral juvenile xanthogranuloma. Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1997 Jun;26(6):315-21. Review. PMID: 9485160

    Flach DB, Winkelmann RK.  Juvenile xanthogranuloma with central nervous system lesions.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Mar;14(3):405-11.  PMID: 3082946

    Okubo T, Okabe H, Kato G. Juvenile xanthogranuloma with cutaneous and cerebral manifestations in a young infant.  Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1995;90(1):87-92.  PMID: 7572085

    Botella-Estrada R, Sanmartin O, Grau M, Alegre V, Mas C, Aliaga A.  Juvenile xanthogranuloma with central nervous system involvement.  Pediatr Dermatol. 1993 Mar;10(1):64-8. Review.  PMID: 8493173


    Lung

    Emanuela De Juli, Michaela Allen, Maurizio Aricò, Pulmonary LCH

    Zeller B, Storm-Mathisen I, Smevik B, Lie SO.  Multisystem Langerhans-cell histiocytosis with life-threatening pulmonary involvement--good response to cyclosporine A.  Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000 Oct;35(4):438-42. No abstract available.  PMID: 11025480

    Guthrie JA, Arthur RJ.  Case report: juvenile xanthogranuloma with pulmonary, subcutaneous and hepatic involvement.  Clin Radiol. 1994 Jul;49(7):498-500. PMID: 8088048

    Liver
    Favara BE.  Histopathology of the liver in histiocytosis syndromes. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1996 May-Jun;16(3):413-33.  PMID: 9025843


    Skin

     
    Sheila Weitzman, LCH of the Skin

    Munn S, Chu AC.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the skin.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):269-86. Review.  PMID: 9561900 Red Book

    Dragos V, Bracko M, Sever-Novosel M.  Multiple spontaneously regressing nodules in a newborn.  Pediatr Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;17(4):322-4. No abstract available.  PMID: 10990587

    al-Ammar AY, Tewfik TL, Bond M, Schloss MD.  Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: paediatric head and neck study.  J Otolaryngol. 1999 Oct;28(5):266-72.  PMID: 10579156

    Chang MW.  Update on juvenile xanthogranuloma: unusual cutaneous and systemic variants. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Sep;18(3):195-205. Review.  PMID: 10468039


    Eye & Orbit

    Zaenglein AL, Steele MA, Kamino H, Chang MW.  Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis with eye involvement.  Pediatr Dermatol. 2001 Mar-Apr;18(2):135-7.  PMID: 11358555

    LaBorwit SE, Karesh JW, Hirschbein MJ, Dankner SR.  Multifocal Langerhans' cell histiocytosis involving the orbit.  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1998 Jul-Aug;35(4):234-6. No abstract available.  PMID: 9713799

    Schwartz TL, Carter KD, Judisch GF, Nerad JA, Folberg R.  Congenital macronodular juvenile xanthogranuloma of the eyelid.  Ophthalmology. 1991 Aug;98(8):1230-3.  PMID: 1923358

    Shields CL, Shields JA, Buchanon HW.  Solitary orbital involvement with juvenile xanthogranuloma.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1990 Nov;108(11):1587-9.  PMID: 2123087

    Rad AS, Kheradvar A.  Juvenile xanthogranuloma: concurrent involvement of skin and eye.  Cornea. 2001 Oct;20(7):760-2.  PMID: 11588432

    Hidayat AA, Mafee MF, Laver NV, Noujaim S.  Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma of the orbit. Clinicopathologic, CT, and MR imaging features. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998 Nov;36(6):1229-40, xii. Review.  PMID: 9884699


    Thymus

    Heller GD, Haller JO, Berdon WE, Sane S, Kleinman PK. Punctate thymic calcification in infants with untreated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: report of four new cases. Pediatr Radiol. 1999 Nov;29(11):813-5.  PMID: 10552058

    Junewick JJ, Fitzgerald NE. The thymus in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.  Pediatr Radiol. 1999 Dec;29(12):904-7.  PMID: 10602868


    Pituitary (Diabetes Insipidus & Growth)

    van den Hoek AC, Karstens A, Egeler RM, Hahlen K. Growth of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Eur J Pediatr. 1995 Oct;154(10):822-5.  PMID: 8529681

    Dunger DB, Seckl JR, Grant DB, Yeoman L, Lightman SL. A short water deprivation test incorporating urinary arginine vasopressin estimations for the investigation of posterior pituitary function in children.  Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1988 Jan;117(1):13-8.  PMID: 3381623


    Treatment & Care

    Robert J. Arceci, M.D., New Treatment Approaches for Patients with LCH

    Arico M, Egeler RM. Clinical aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):247-58. Review.  PMID: 9561898  Red Book

    Broadbent V, Gadner H.  Current therapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):327-38. Review.  PMID: 9561903  Red Book

    Arceci RJ, Brenner MK, Pritchard J.  Controversies and new approaches to treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):339-57. Review.  PMID: 9561904  Red Book

    Simms S, Warner NJ.  A framework for understanding and responding to the psychosocial needs of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and their families.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):359-67. Review.  PMID: 9561905  Red Book

    Rodriguez-Galindo C, Kelly P, Jeng M, Presbury GG, Rieman M, Wang W.  Treatment of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine.
    Am J Hematol. 2002 Mar;69(3):179-84.  PMID: 11891804

    Henter JI, Karlen J, Calming U, Bernstrand C, Andersson U, Fadeel B.  Successful treatment of Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis with etanercept.  N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 22;345(21):1577-8. No abstract available.  PMID: 11794238

    Minkov M, Grois N, Broadbent V, Ceci A, Jakobson A, Ladisch S.  Cyclosporine A therapy for multisystem langerhans cell histiocytosis. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999 Nov;33(5):482-5.  PMID: 10531573

    Weitzman S, Wayne AS, Arceci R, Lipton JM, Whitlock JA. Nucleoside analogues in the therapy of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a survey of members of the histiocyte society and review of the literature.  Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999 Nov;33(5):476-81. Review.  PMID: 10531572

    Gadner H, Grois N, Arico M, Broadbent V, Ceci A, Jakobson A, Komp D, Michaelis J, Nicholson S, Potschger U, Pritchard J, Ladisch S.  A randomized trial of treatment for multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.  J Pediatr. 2001 May;138(5):728-34.  PMID: 11343051

    Kusumakumary P, James FV, Chellam VG, Ratheesan K, Nair MK.  Disseminated Langerhans cell histocytosis in children: treatment outcome.  Am J Clin Oncol. 1999 Apr;22(2):180-3.  PMID: 10199456

    Farran RP, Zaretski E, Egeler RM. Treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pamidronate. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2001 Jan;23(1):54-6.  PMID: 11196272

    Steen AE, Steen KH, Bauer R, Bieber T.  Successful treatment of cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis with low-dose methotrexate.  Br J Dermatol. 2001 Jul;145(1):137-40.  PMID: 11453923

    Walters G, Taylor RH.  Severe systemic toxicity caused by brimonidine drops in an infant with presumed juvenile xanthogranuloma.  Eye. 1999 Dec;13 ( Pt 6):797-8. No abstract available.  PMID: 10707152


    Diagnosis, Pathology & Nosology

    Favara BE, Feller AC, Pauli M, Jaffe ES, Weiss LM, Arico M, Bucsky P, Egeler RM, Elinder G, Gadner H, Gresik M, Henter JI, Imashuku S, Janka-Schaub G, Jaffe R, Ladisch S, Nezelof C, Pritchard J.  Contemporary classification of histiocytic disorders. The WHO Committee On Histiocytic/Reticulum Cell Proliferations. Reclassification Working Group of the Histiocyte Society.  Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997 Sep;29(3):157-66. Review.  PMID: 9212839

    Schmitz L, Favara BE.  Nosology and pathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):221-46. Review.  PMID: 9561897  Red Book

    Meyer JS, De Camargo B.  The role of radiology in the diagnosis and follow-up of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):307-26. Review.  PMID: 9561902  Red Book

    Willman CL, McClain KL.  An update on clonality, cytokines, and viral etiology in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):407-16. Review.  PMID: 9561909  Red Book

    Fartasch M, Vigneswaran N, Diepgen TL, Hornstein OP. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of histiocytosis X and non-X histiocytoses.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Nov;23(5 Pt 1):885-92.  PMID: 2123893

    Jarquin-Valdivia AA, Buchhalter J.  Delayed diagnosis of pediatric Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: case report and retrospective review of pediatric cases seen at Mayo Clinic.
    J Child Neurol. 2001 Jul;16(7):535-8.  PMID: 11453455

    Van Heerde P, Maarten Egeler R. The cytology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X). Cytopathology. 1991;2(3):149-58.  PMID: 1932578

    Favara BE, Jaffe R, Egeler RM. Macrophage activation and hemophagocytic syndrome in langerhans cell histiocytosis: report of 30 cases.  Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):130-40.  PMID: 11910507 [PubMed - in process]

    Egeler RM, Favara BE, Laman JD, Claassen E.  Abundant expression of CD40 and CD40-ligand (CD154) in paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesions.  Eur J Cancer. 2000 Oct;36(16):2105-10.  PMID: 11044648

    Egeler RM, Favara BE, van Meurs M, Laman JD, Claassen E.   Differential In situ cytokine profiles of Langerhans-like cells and T cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: abundant expression of cytokines relevant to disease and treatment. Blood. 1999 Dec 15;94(12):4195-201.  PMID: 10590064

    de Graaf JH, Egeler RM.  New insights into the pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 1997 Feb;9(1):46-50. Review.  PMID: 9088755

    Willman CL, Busque L, Griffith BB, Favara BE, McClain KL, Duncan MH, Gilliland DG.  Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)--a clonal proliferative disease.
    N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 21;331(3):154-60.  PMID: 8008029

    Zelger B, Cerio R, Orchard G, Wilson-Jones E.  Juvenile and adult xanthogranuloma. A histological and immunohistochemical comparison.  Am J Surg Pathol. 1994 Feb;18(2):126-35.  PMID: 8291651

    Claudy AL, Misery L, Serre D, Boucheron S.  Multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas without foam cells and giant cells. Pediatr Dermatol. 1993 Mar;10(1):61-3.  PMID: 7684135

    Sangueza OP, Salmon JK, White CR Jr, Beckstead JH. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: a clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Pathol. 1995 Aug;22(4):327-35. PMID: 7499572

    Caputo R, Cambiaghi S, Brusasco A, Gelmetti C.  Uncommon clinical presentations of juvenile xanthogranuloma.  Dermatology. 1998;197(1):45-7.  PMID: 9693185

    Iwuagwu FC, Rigby HS, Payne F, Reid CD.  Juvenile xanthogranuloma variant: a clinicopathological case report and review of the literature.  Br J Plast Surg. 1999 Oct;52(7):591-3. Review.  PMID: 10658117

    Paulus W, Honegger J, Keyvani K, Fahlbusch R.  Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region: a clinicopathological entity different from adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.  Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1999 Apr;97(4):377-82.  PMID: 10208277

    Kubota Y, Kiryu H, Nakayama J, Koga T.  Histopathologic maturation of juvenile xanthogranuloma in a short period.  Pediatr Dermatol. 2001 Mar-Apr;18(2):127-30.  PMID: 11358553

    Thomas DB, Sidler AK, Huston BM. Radiological case of the month. Juvenile xanthogranuloma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Oct;152(10):1029-30. No abstract available.  PMID: 9790615

    Kraus MD, Haley JC, Ruiz R, Essary L, Moran CA, Fletcher CD.  Juvenile xanthogranuloma: an immunophenotypic study with a reappraisal of histogenesis.  Am J Dermatopathol. 2001 Apr;23(2):104-11.  PMID: 11285404

    Mancini AJ, Prieto VG, Smoller BR. Role of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the growth of xanthogranulomas. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998 Feb;20(1):17-21.  PMID: 9504664


    Causes, Etiology & Epidemiology

    Nicholson HS, Egeler RM, Nesbit ME.  The epidemiology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):379-84. Review. PMID: 9561907 Red Book

    Gogusev J, Nezelof C.  Malignant histiocytosis.  Histologic, cytochemical, chromosomal, and molecular data with a nosologic discussion.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):445-63. Review.  PMID: 9561912  Red Book

    Nicholson HS, Egeler RM, Nesbit ME.  The epidemiology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):379-84. Review.  PMID: 9561907


    Multi-Disease

    Lazova R, Shapiro PE. Juvenile xanthogranuloma versus Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X).  Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Mar;18(1):71-7. No abstract available.  PMID: 10188845

    Hoeger PH, Diaz C, Malone M, Pritchard J, Harper JI. Juvenile xanthogranuloma as a sequel to Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a report of three cases.  Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001 Jul;26(5):391-4.  PMID: 11488823

    Egeler RM, Neglia JP, Arico M, Favara BE, Heitger A, Nesbit ME, Nicholson HS.  The relation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis to acute leukemia, lymphomas, and other solid tumors. The LCH-Malignancy Study Group of the Histiocyte Society.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):369-78.  PMID: 9561906  Red Book

    Surico G, Muggeo P, Rigillo N, Gadner H.  Concurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis and myelodysplasia in children.  Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000 Oct;35(4):421-5.  PMID: 11025473


    Miscellaneous

    Malpas JS.  Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):259-68. Review.  PMID: 9561899  Red Book

    Malcic I, Novick WM, Dasovic-Buljevic A, Jelasic D, Jelusic M, Kniewald H. Intracardiac juvenile xanthogranuloma in a newborn. Pediatr Cardiol. 2001 Mar-Apr;22(2):150-2.  PMID: 11178674

    Henter JI, Arico M, Elinder G, Imashuku S, Janka G. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):417-33. Review.  PMID: 9561910  Red Book

    Janka G, Imashuku S, Elinder G, Schneider M, Henter JI. Infection- and malignancy-associated hemophagocytic syndromes. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):435-44. Review.  PMID: 9561911  Red Book

    Bucsky P, Egeler RM. Malignant histiocytic disorders in children. Clinical and therapeutic approaches with a nosologic discussion.  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;12(2):465-71. Review.  PMID: 9561913  Red Book
     
     

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