First, let me start with some basic information about colors and vision. Light is a type of energy. The different wavelengths of light that occur in the Universe are collectively referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum. The light that we can see is a tiny portion of this spectrum. Some animals can see more of the spectrum than we can; bees, for example, can see ultraviolet light, but cannot see red. We see an object as the color it reflects - apples are red because they absorb all wavelengths except red. White is the presence of all colors white light consists of every wavelength of visible light; black is the absence of light and color. Therefore, white objects reflect all colors, and black objects absorb them. The primary colors are blue, red, and green; our eyes have three kinds of receptors that preferentially respond to these colors (one for red, one for green, one for blue). Most people learn the primary colors as blue, red, and yellow, but this is incorrect according to how the brain interprets color. The secondary colors, created by combining different primary colors, are cyan (blue and green), magenta (blue and red), and yellow (red and green). White can also be created by combining equal amount of blue, red, and green. Below is an image that shows the relationship between the 3 primary colors and the 3 secondary colors:
In the human eye, red and green are opposed and blue and yellow are opposed. For example, a receptor in your eye that responds most to red will be inhibited by green if green is present, the receptor wont respond. I dont want to go into too much detail, just know that your eyes and brain are hardwired to be most sensitive to blue, red, green, and yellow. These also happen to be the colors most often associated with the elements and direction. The correspondences are usually as follows:
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East (Air) Yellow Intellect
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South (Fire) Red Passion, will
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West (Water) Blue Emotions, the unconscious
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North (Earth) Green Fertility
Deity has color correspondences as well:
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Goddess Silver the Moon, psychic power
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God Gold the Sun, personal and physical power
Below are some correspondences that I personally associate with specific colors:
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White - daytime, reflection (the conscious self), cleansing, general consecration, purity, sincerity, all-purpose (no particular energy type), self-defense (deflection of harmful energy)
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Black - night, absorption, the unconscious self, deep meditation, silence, mysteries
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Violet - thought, light meditation, spirituality, psychic powers, concentration, dreams, mind magick, visions
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Blue - emotion, water magick, sensitivity, depth, tranquility, inner peace, patience, sleep, communication (with the self); West (Water)
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Green - life, growth, prosperity, plant and Earth magick, healing, planning, goals; North (Earth)
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Yellow - air magick, beginnings (as with morning), happiness, brightness; East (Air)
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Orange - Warmth, comfort, the familiar, joviality, relationships, friendship, social responsibilities
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Brown - stability, consistency, predictability, animal communication
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Red - fire magick, strength of will, change, unpredictability, courage, passion, sex magick, intense vibrancy, extreme or uncontrollable emotions; South (Fire)
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Pink - softness, sincerity, love magick, romance, affection, compassion, muted passion
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Silver - Moon magick, starlight and moonlight, femininity; linked to emotions/tides; the Goddess
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Gold - Sun magick, sunlight, masculinity; linked to the seasons; the God
You can make your own list - we all have certain things that we associate with certain colors, and they may be different than anyone else's. Make sure the correspondences you use align with your personal conceptions of the colors in order to keep your intent aligned with the energy you feel from a certain color.
For more information about specific correspondences of colors, visit the following links: