Table 1
Summary of How Intergroup Contact Conditions at the Macrosocial Level Structure Individuals' Opportunities for Contact and Their Personal Contact Conditions So That Prejudice Is Either Facilitated or Inhibited (adapted from Duckitt, 1992, p. 146)

Contact results in prejudice being:

Facilitated or increasedInhibited or reduced
when Groups:
Are segregatedAre integrated
Have conflicting interestsHave compatible interests
Are sharply demarcated by convergent boundaries(Groups') boundaries are blurred by multiple cross-cutting categories
Are differentially treatedReceive same treatment
Are characterized by different social roles and statusesAre not systematically differentiated in social role and status
Individuals:
Can easily avoid contact situations in natural social settings, and when contact occurs, it tends to be in unfavorable situations; as listed belowHave frequent opportunities for personal contact with outgroup members, and when contact occurs, it tends to be in generally favorable situations: as listed below
Personal contact conditions:
Are between persons of unequal statusAre between persons of equal status
Are against institutional oppositionAre with institutional support
Are competitiveAre cooperative
Reveal opposing interests, valuesReveal common interests, values
Are unpleasant, tense, frustratingAre pleasant, rewarding
Confirm negative stereotypesDisconfirm negative stereotypes
Are superficial and casualAre intimate

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